Risk Management and Capital Adequacy Norms for Banks

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udayan Kumar Basu
Keyword(s):  
Value At Risk ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Project Risks ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The overall banking scenario has undergone a dramatic change in the wake of liberalization of markets and advent of the concept of universal banking. Commercial banks can now operate as veritable financial supermarkets offering all kinds of services under one roof. The various regulatory requirements and the presence of NPAs in banks' balance sheets introduce certain rigidities in their operating parameters. Besides, the investment options expose them to market and project risks, and brings the issue of financial fragility to the foreground. In view of the new kinds of risk affecting banks and increasing global competition faced by them, their capitalization and the efficacy of the regulatory and supervisory norms assume a greater significance. The current article explores the impact of possible changes in CRR and SLR on a bank's cut-off risk, i.e. the maximum permissible risk without any default, as well as its dependence on interest rate and capital adequacy ratio. Basel II norms for taking market risk into account, the use of Value at Risk as its measure and the recent guideline by Reserve Bank of India to relate the overall market exposure to net worth, have been examined. A method towards selection of an appropriate capital adequacy ratio to cover market risks has also been proposed.

scholarly journals PENGUATAN STRUKTUR MODAL SEBAGAI PEMENUHAN REGULASI DAN PENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Tedi Setiawan ◽  
Jaja Suteja ◽  
Ellen Rusliati
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Decision on capital structure have an important role in determinig banking performance.This study aims to find alternative strategies for Bank X in fulfilling the capital requirements and to measure its the effectivities in order to reach the capital requirements of the Bank X to be in accordance with the regulations in 2018. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information related to the importance of strengthening the capital structure of the company, especially in the banking industry in order to maintain the continuity of business and to win in the market competition. The study was conducted at Bank X was located in Bandung. The research method used was survey with qualitative research approaches. While the type of research was explorative descriptive analysis. The results of the study was found three effective strategies to meet the capital needs of Bank X in 2018, namely asset revaluation, reduction in dividend payout ratio (DPR) and the issuance of subordinated bonds. These three strategies could improve Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). while alternative simulations need to be carried out to determine the impact of the decision making.

scholarly journals The Impact of BASEL Accords on the Management of Vietnamese Commercial Banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Hai Long Pham ◽  
Kevin James Daly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Basel Accord ◽  
The Impact

This paper is an attempt to empirically examine the impact of Basel Accord regulatory guidelines on the risk-based capital adequacy regulation and bank risk management of Vietnamese commercial banks. Our research aims to assess how Vietnamese commercial banks manage their capital ratio and bank risk under the latest Basel Accord capital adequacy ratio requirements. Building on previous studies, this research uses a simultaneous equation modeling (SiEM) with three-stage least squares regression (3SLS) to analyze the endogenous relationship between risk-based capital adequacy standards and bank risk management. A year dummy variable (dy2013) is included in the model to take account of changes in the regulation of the Vietnamese banking system. Furthermore, we add a value-at-risk variable developed by as an independent variable into equations of the empirical models. The results reveal a significant impact of Basel capital adequacy regulatory pressure on the risk-based capital adequacy standards and bank risk management of Vietnamese commercial banks. Moreover, banks under the latest Basel capital adequacy regulations are induced to reduce risks and increase banks’ financial performance.

scholarly journals Capital adequacy ratio and a bank’s financial stability in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Nguyen Minh Sang
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to provide more empirical evidence on the impact of the capital adequacy ratio, as well as control and micro variables, on the financial stability of commercial banks in emerging markets such as Vietnam. The study analyzes the impact of the capital adequacy ratio on the financial stability of 18 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2010–2020 using the Generalized method of moments (GMM) model. Empirical research results show that the capital adequacy ratio has a positive correlation with the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks during the study period. Besides, the study also uses control variables such as Profitability through ROA and ROE, Bank Size (SIZE), Loans to Assets Ratio (LTA), Deposits to Assets Ratio (DTA), and Loan Loss Ratio (LLR), to analyze their impact on the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks. Based on the above results, the study proposes some policy implications to enhance the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks using the capital adequacy ratio and the control variables from the GMM model that are statistically significant. The paper also pointed out four limitations of the study in terms of data, research samples, methods and research models, so that further research can be more complete. AcknowledgmentThe author wishes to acknowledge support from the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City. This research was made possible thanks to all valuable support from relevant stakeholders.

scholarly journals Regulatory Capital is a Panacea for Efficiency, Credit Growth and Reducing Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-287
Author(s):  
Amina Malik ◽  
◽  
Babar Zaheer Butt ◽  
Shahab Ud Din ◽  
Haroon Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interest Margin

This study examined the effectiveness of regulatory capital in enhancing efficiency and credit growth and reducing bad loans in commercial banks listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2010 to 2019. Precisely, the impact of capital adequacy ratio (CAR) was studied on net interest margin (NIM), credit growth (CR) and non-performing loans (NPLs). The impact of capital adequacy regulations was assessed by retrieving data from financial statements analysis (FSA), Bank Financial statements and the World Bank website. Panel regression models including ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed and random effects under robust title were applied in this study. Results revealed that the implementation of stringent CAR plays the role of panacea and increases interest margin & credit growth and a reduction of NPL in Pakistani commercial banks. The study provides practical results for regulators to customize regulations on credit growth to reduce non-performing loans and maintain healthy growth of loans by not compromising on interest margins as well as maintenance of minimum capital adequacy ratios. With the high significance of stringent minimum capital adequacy for banks, the findings of the study are valuable for regulators, banks, auditors and investors, as capital adequacy ratio commonly plays the role of Panacea in terms of efficiency, credit growth and reduction in non-performing loans. Keywords: capital adequacy ratio, efficiency, credit growth, non-performing loans

scholarly journals A Study of Non Performing Advances and It’s Management With Special Reference to Punjab National Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
Dr. Martha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Performance Area ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reserve Bank Of India

Banking industry plays an important role in the development of an economy. Banks have become very cautious in extending loans. The reason being mounting non-performing assets (NPAs). NPAs put negative impact on the profitability, capital adequacy ratio and credibility of banks. It is defined as a loan asset, which has ceased to generate any income for a bank whether in the form of interest or principal repayment. As per the prudential norms suggested by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), a bank cannot book interest on an NPA on accrual basis. In other words, such interests can be booked only when it has been actually received. Therefore, this has become what is called as a ‘critical performance area’ of the banking sector as the level of NPAs affects the profitability of a bank. This paper touches upon the meaning and consequently the definition of a non-Performing asset, the conceptual framework of non-performing assets, classification of loan assets and provisions. The study also evaluates the adverse effect of non-performing assets on the return on total assets of Punjab National Bank Limited for the period 2013 to 2015, 2016-17, and 2019-20. Particularly discussing some remedial measures taken up by the Bank to overcome this situation of NPA.

scholarly journals Loan To Deposit Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Return On Equity Dan Bopo Dalam Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Pt. Bank Bni Syariah

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Rinto Noviantoro ◽  
Herlin Herlin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Equity Ratio

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to determine the financial performance of PT. Bank BNI Syariah. The method of collecting data in this study is documentation. documentation, namely data collection through financial statements in the form of balance sheets and profit / loss statements.  Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR) from 2015-2017 it was 89.14%, 84.01% and 78.89%.the Capital adequacy ratio and the Debt to equity ratio have been determined if the ratio produced is <50% - 75%. Return on equity have been determined to produce a ratio of> 1.5% and at BOPO ≤93.52%. From the perspective of the Capital Adequacy Ratio, in 2015-2017 the value was 38.45%, 64.84% and 38.50%By using BOPO in 2015-2017 the value was 83.21%, 80.75% and 80.91%. While the return on equity in 2015-2017 is 1.18%, 1.18% and 0.93%

scholarly journals The Impact of Macroeconomic and Banking Factors on Credit Growth in the Albanian Banking System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shingjergji ◽  
Marsida Hyseni
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of some macroeconomic and bankhttp://ejes.euser.org/issues/may-august-2015/Ali.pdfing factors on credit growth in the Albanian banking system. From the literature review is noticed that the credit growth in the banking system is influenced by both macroeconomic and banking factors. We use credit growth as a dependent variable while as independent variables we use: GDP growth, inflation rate, unemployment rate, loan interest rate, capital adequacy ratio, bank size and NPL ratio. The relationship between credit growth and macroeconomic and banking factors was tested by using a regression model like the ordinary least squares (OLS). We take into consideration a period from 2002 – 2013 using quarterly panel data for the whole Albanian banking system with a total of 48 observations per each variable. The regression results find out that the credit growth in the Albanian banking system is positively related to GDP growth, inflation rate and capital adequacy ratio while is negatively related to unemployment rate, interest rate, non performing loans and bank size.

scholarly journals Regulation, Competition and Bank Risk: Evidence from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Banking Industry ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Bank Stability ◽  
Operating Stability ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses the semi-annual data of 16 listed banks from the fourth quarter of 2005 to the second quarter of 2016 as the research sample to study the impact of supervision and competition on the listed bank's risk in China. The results show that the higher level of bank holdings (capital adequacy ratio and core capital adequacy ratio) can significantly reduce the combined risk of banks and increase bank stability. Increased liquidity (liquidity ratio and deposit-loan ratio) can reduce bank risk, but this effect is not significant. The more fierce competition among banks (the smaller CR) will not only increase the proportion of weighted risk assets in total assets, but also increase the bank's bankruptcy probability and reduce the overall operating stability of the bank. It is necessary for authorities of policy to strengthen supervision of banking industry, especially the capital adequacy ratio and core capital adequacy ratio regulation and keep the competition of banks under the appropriate interval. It is also necessary for regulators to comply with the latest regulations of Basel III to set up more reasonable liquidity regulatory indicators to meet liquidity risk management.

scholarly journals Effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Nonperporming Loan, Third Party Funds on Loan to Deposit Ratio in Private Commercial Banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Nur Salma ◽  
Nur Salma
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to analyze the impact of capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loan,   third party fund on loan to deposit ratio of the private banks in Bandar Lampung. The sample used in this research were obtained from six private banks in Bandar Lampung.  Data obtained based on financial statements Annual Report of Indonesia stock Exchange (IDX) from 2009 to 2014.  The method used in this research is the dependent variable and independent, multiple regression analysis and Classical Assumption. Variable used Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Nonperforming Loan (NPL), and Third-Party Fund (DPK) on Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). Based on the result of the research showed that the F variable CAR, NPL, and DPK together influential significantly to Loan to Deposit Ratio. The Result of partial T-test CAR negatively influential and significant with significant value is 0.007. NPL is not positively influential and not significant on LDR with significant value is 0,277 while DPK has positive influential and significant value is 0,005. The value of Adjusted R Square the value is 0.266 showed that LDR can explain by variables research as big as 26,6 %, while the rest can be explained by other factors.

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