Stability of Compounded Digoxin Solution 0.05 mg/mL for Injection

2021 ◽  
pp. 001857872110295
Author(s):  
Mihaela Friciu ◽  
Ruth Bernine Marcelin ◽  
Pascal Bédard ◽  
Jean-Marc Forest ◽  
Grégoire Leclair
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transparent Glass ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Canadian Market ◽  
Diluted Solution

Background: In 2015, commercial pediatric digoxin injection 0.05 mg/mL was discontinued, leaving only one adult concentration (0.25 mg/mL) for injection on the Canadian market. No published studies have documented the chemical stability over a long period of time of a diluted solution of digoxin for injection. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the chemical stability of 2 digoxin injection formulations 0.05 mg/mL diluted in 2 vehicles stored at 5°C or a 25°C. Methods: The compounded solution of digoxin 0.05 mg/mL for injection was prepared with digoxin 0.25 mg/mL after dilution in 2 different vehicles, normal saline, and a compounding of the commercial vehicle. Half of the compounding products were stored in 2 mL transparent glass vials at 25°C and the other half at 5°C. Chemical stability was evaluated by HPLC–UV analysis on days 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 for each temperature conditions. In addition, samples were tested for organoleptic change, presence of particular matter as well as sterility. Results: For all tested preparations, the concentration of digoxin remained above 90.0% of the initial concentration throughout the 180-day study. Furthermore, no organoleptic change was observed; particulate matter assessment was in acceptable range; and sterility specifications were met. Conclusions: Digoxin 0.05 mg/mL obtained with a dilution of digoxin 0.25 mg/mL by normal saline or a copy of the commercial vehicle remained stable for at least 180 days at 5°C and 25°C.

Total lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in serum in the presence of penicillamine and other sulfhydryl compounds.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L Gershbein ◽  
K G Raikoff
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Ldh Isoenzymes ◽  
Allosteric Effectors ◽  
Sulfhydryl Compounds

Abstract Toward delineation of changes in total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and in the distribution of LDH isoenzymes as assessed by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, we inbucated human and rat sera with various agents, notably sulfhydryl compounds. Although artefacts were apparent when these agents were used without preliminary adjustment of pH, we saw little alteration in total unitage when one or two volumes of serum was mixed with one volume of any of several thiols, especially penicillamine, at an initial concentration of 0.4 mol/liter and pH 7.0-7.5. Under these conditions, penicillamine caused a loss in LDH-5 after incubation for 1 h at 25 degrees C together with small decreases in mobility of the other four isoenzymes toward the anode. A zymosan region appeared below the albumin and tracking dye area. With longer periods of incubation of rat serum with penicillamine or alpha-mercaptosuccinate, a novel band in the zymogram was noted just above the LDH-4 peak. The observations are discussed in terms of allosteric effectors.

Comparative Surface Imaging Study of Multifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lenses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeck Soo Son ◽  
Jung Min Lee ◽  
Ramin Khoramnia ◽  
Chul Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Optical Surface ◽  
Diffractive Optic ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Concentric Pattern

Abstract Purpose To analyse and compare the surface topography and roughness of three different types of diffractive multifocal IOLs. Methods Using scanning electron microscope (SEM, Inspect F, 5.0 KV, maximum magnification up to 20,000) and atomic force microscope (AFM, Park Systems, XE-100, non-contact, area profile comparison, 10 × 10 µm, 40 × 40 µm), the surface quality of the following diffractive IOLs was studied: the AcrySof IQ PanOptix (Alcon, USA), the AT LARA 829MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany), and Tecnis Symfony (Johnson&Johnson Vision, USA). The measurements were made over three representative areas (central non-diffractive optic, central diffractive optic, and diffractive step) of each IOL. Roughness profile in terms of mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and root-mean-squared roughness (Rq) values were obtained and compared statistically. Results In SEM examination, all IOLs showed a smooth optical surface without any irregularities at low magnification. At higher magnification, Tecnis Symfony showed unique highly regular, concentric, and lineate structures in the diffractive optic area which could not be seen in the other studied diffractive IOLs. The differences in the measured Ra and Rq values of the Tecnis Symfony were statistically significant compared to the other models (p < 0.05). Conclusion Various different topographical traits were observed in three diffractive multifocal IOLs. The Ra values of all studied IOLs were within an acceptable range. Tecnis Symfony showed statistically significant higher surface Ra values at both central diffractive optic and diffractive step areas. Furthermore, compared to its counterparts, Tecnis Symfony demonstrated highly ordered, concentric pattern in its diffractive surfaces.

Voices of Spectators and Audience Power

Pólemos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Biet
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dramatic Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Voice ◽  
The Way

AbstractTheatre and law are not so different. Generally, researchers work on the art of theatre, the rhetoric of the actors, or the dramaturgy built from law cases or from the questions that the law does not completely resolve. Trials, tragedies, even comedies are close: everybody can see the interpenetration of them on stage and in the courts. We know that, and we know that the dramas are made with/from/of law, we know that the art the actors are developing is not so far from the art of the lawyers, and conversely. In this paper, I would like to have a look at the action of the audience, at the session itself and at the way the spectators are here to evaluate and judge not only the dramatic action, not only the art of the actors, not only the text of the author, but also the other spectators, and themselves too. In particular, I will focus on the “common judgment” of the audience and on its judicial, aesthetic and social relationship. The spectators have been undisciplined, noisy, unruled, during such a long period that theatre still retains some prints of this behaviour, even if nowadays, the social and aesthetic rule is to be silent. But uncertainty, inattention, distraction, contradiction, heterogeneity are the notions which characterise the session, and the judgments of the spectators still depend on them. So, what was and what is the voice of the audience? And with what sort of voice do spectators give their judgments?

scholarly journals The Analgesic Effects of Bupivacaine and Magnesium Sulfate Combination, Bupivacaine, and Adrenaline Combination and Bupivacaine Alone on Post-cesarean Section Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Zinatossadat Bouzari ◽  
Seyedeh Rabeeh Rouhani ◽  
Ebrahim Alijanpour ◽  
Shahla Yazdani ◽  
Bahman Hasannasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Single Blind

Objectives: The present study was performed to compare the analgesic effects of bupivacaine and magnesium sulfate combination on post-cesarean (C) section pain. Materials and Methods: The present single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 160 C-section candidates. The participants were randomly divided into four groups. When the fascia healed, the first group received 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine and the second group received 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine combined with subcutaneous adrenaline. In addition, both groups received 50 mL of intravenous normal saline. Further, the third group received subcutaneous bupivacaine and 50 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate and the fourth group received subcutaneous and intravenous normal saline as a placebo. The pain intensity was assessed 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after spinal anesthesia using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The dose of pethidine (as a standard analgesic) and hemodynamic parameters (i.e., heart rate [HR] and blood pressure [BP]) was recorded as well. The obtained data were then analyzed utilizing ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, and repeated measures ANOVA tests. Results: The intensity of pain and the dose of pethidine decreased significantly in the combination of bupivacaine with magnesium compared to the other groups at all times (P < 0.001). However, diastolic BP significantly increased in the bupivacaine + adrenaline group in comparison with the other groups (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Overall, bupivacaine combination with magnesium sulfate is suitable for controlling post-cesarean section pain.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement Contemporary Tools to Eliminate Stress Among work Force in an Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2381-2383
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Work Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Utmost Care

Stress is a not a new word to the organizations. It is been a boiling subject from years ago as it is spread across the globe. To evade this, organizations tries to improve their employee’s satisfaction levels at job, so that a positive attitude can be inculcated among workforce. The other tool to abstain from mocking execution and deriding performance of an organization is employee’s engagement. It is a key which prompts hierarchical achievement and furthermore a fundamental factor to be considered while assessing stress. Stress cannot be eliminated from any organization but can be handled with utmost care to get good results. If stress is not managed well, it generates a negative behavior in workforce which destroys the end results or an organization fails to achieve its goals. If it continues for a long period of time, the result could be closure of an organization because over stress will reduce the employee performance. This research paper is expected to comprehend the reasons which lead to employee stress inside an organization, to discuss the variables which robustly correlate with stress level of employees and also to suggest the mechanism to overcome stress.

scholarly journals Study of pathological lesions in rats after the experimental administration of Lindane

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
N. PAPAIOANNOU (Ν. ΠΑΠΑΪΩΑΝΝΟΥ) ◽  
G. KELLER-SAMOUILIDOU (ΓΚ. ΚΕΛΛΕΡ-ΣΑΜΟΥΗΛΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
S. LEKKAS (Σ. ΛΕΚΚΑΣ) ◽  
V. P. KOTSAKI-KOVATSI (Β. Π. ΚΩΤΣΑΚΗ-ΚΟΒΑΤΣΗ) ◽  
A. KOVATSI (Α. ΚΟΒΑΤΣΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Cross Striation ◽  
The Brain

In this experimental study, the lesions that are caused from the chemical substance Lindane were studied. Sixteen rats were used as experimental animals. The substance was orally administered, with food, to 10 rats (5 females and 5 males) in a dose of 8,2 mg/kg b.w./3 days during the first 10 days and in a dose of the 33 mg/kg b.w./ 2 days during the following 40 days. The remaining 6 rats (4 females and 2 males) were used as controls. The mainly clinical symptoms which were observed in the experimental animals, in the end of the experimentation, were anorexia, lethargy, hypothermia and muscular rigor. All the rats were sacrificed 5 days after the administration of the last dose of the substance and they were autopsied. In the macroscopical examination oedema and vascular hyperhaemia were observed in the brain. In the histological examination spongiosis of the white matter of the brain, interstitial pneumonia, oedema and loss of the cross striation of the cardiac muscle cells, coagulative necrosis of individual groups of hepatic cells and degeneration of the epithelial cells of the urinary tubules were detected. In conclusion, when Lindane is administered in subtoxical doses for a long period of time it is possible to cause damages to the organism of the experimental animals, which are located mainly in the brain and secondary in the liver, the kidneys and the other organs.

Twintig jaar politieke strijd rond de abortuswetgeving in België (1970-1990)

Res Publica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-487
Author(s):  
Els Witte
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

Tbe struggle for the liberalization of the law on abortion began in Belgium in 1970 when the taboo was breached in an initial bill. However, support by pressure groups failed and this led to a long period of nondecision, which may be explained by the disunity in the camp of the supporters on the one hand and the blocking tactics of the Flemish Christian Democrats on the other. In 1986 a compromise between supporters finally emerged, and via a majority which cut right through the governmental coalition an abortion law was approved at the end of March 1990, which closely corresponds to British, French and Dutch legislation.  The catholic monarch's refusal to ratify the bill caused a political crisis which was solved by the unanimous signing by the assembled ministers.

«Liberdades e Direitos» No Horizonte da Soberania

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Viriato Soromenho-Marques ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of

The common ground and dissimilarities in the reciprocal influence between two apparently identical concepts in the Contemporary western political tradition - freedom and liberty - are dealt in this paper. The author tries to tackle the interrelated genealogy both of freedom and liberty categories, in the long period opened by the English Civil War and closed by the conflicting reactions to the French Revolution. The sovereignty concept on the other hand allows the reader to understand the ongoing dynamic of the crucial philosophical relationship of these two central concepts.

境外資金匯回管理運用及課稅條例適用爭議問題研究

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 160-199
Author(s):  
封昌宏 封昌宏
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Taiwanese People ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Trade War

受到國際反避稅、稅務金融資訊交換、國際反洗錢及中美貿易戰等因素的影響，臺灣的稅務居民已意識到，資金停留在境外不是最安全的地方，許多人想將境外的資金匯回。但要匯回資金首先要面對課稅的問題，因為這些多年來在境外所累積的資金，很可能涉及有應課稅的所得。為了迎接這波的資金匯回，財政部提出了一部專為資金匯回制定的法律，解除資金匯回的課稅疑慮。但財政部在執行面卻又顯得保守，造成申請人以扭曲的行為來適用的這部專法，造成更多的爭議問題。本文就這些爭議問題，提出評析。Under the influence of international anti-tax avoidance, tax financial information exchange, international anti-money laundering and Sino-US trade war, Taiwan’s tax residents have realized that it is not relative safer to park their funds abroad and therefore, many Taiwanese people desire to repatriate overseas funds back to Taiwan. However, we need to face the first issue of taxation of possible taxable income accumulated abroad for a long period. In order to encourage the wave of repatriated offshore funds, the Ministry of Finance has specifically proposed a law to relieve the taxation doubts on repatriated funds. In the other hand, the Ministry of Finance has imposed a conservative manner on implementation, leading to applicants’ distorted behavior to apply for this law, which evokes more controversial issues. This article presents an analysis of these controversial issues.

Yiddish as an Expression of Jewish Cultural Identity in Galicia and Vienna

1999 ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Gabriele Kohlbauer-Fritz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Long Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Austrian Capital ◽  
Cultural Movement

This chapter illustrates the backwardness of Yiddish in the easternmost province of the Habsburg Empire. In Galicia, Yiddish language and culture developed quite differently and at a much slower pace than in the other parts of Poland and Russia. At a time when the works of Isaac Leib Peretz, Mendele Mokher Seforim, and Sholem Aleichem were flourishing elsewhere, Yiddish culture in Galicia was still underdeveloped, emerging only fleetingly at the beginning of the twentieth century, inspired by the political and social movements that encouraged Jewish national self-awareness. No doubt one reason for this long period of dormancy was the particular historical situation that resulted from the policies of the Habsburg regime. Thus, a history of the Yiddish-language movement in Galicia and the Austrian capital, Vienna, must also be an account of its failure. The chapter shows that it was precisely in Galicia that a thriving cultural symbiosis emerged among the coexisting national groups, and this symbiosis had a substantial impact on the Yiddish cultural movement. Yet competition from the Polish and German languages ultimately ousted Yiddish almost completely.

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