Comparative Surface Imaging Study of Multifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lenses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeck Soo Son ◽  
Jung Min Lee ◽  
Ramin Khoramnia ◽  
Chul Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Optical Surface ◽  
Diffractive Optic ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Concentric Pattern

Abstract Purpose To analyse and compare the surface topography and roughness of three different types of diffractive multifocal IOLs. Methods Using scanning electron microscope (SEM, Inspect F, 5.0 KV, maximum magnification up to 20,000) and atomic force microscope (AFM, Park Systems, XE-100, non-contact, area profile comparison, 10 × 10 µm, 40 × 40 µm), the surface quality of the following diffractive IOLs was studied: the AcrySof IQ PanOptix (Alcon, USA), the AT LARA 829MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany), and Tecnis Symfony (Johnson&Johnson Vision, USA). The measurements were made over three representative areas (central non-diffractive optic, central diffractive optic, and diffractive step) of each IOL. Roughness profile in terms of mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and root-mean-squared roughness (Rq) values were obtained and compared statistically. Results In SEM examination, all IOLs showed a smooth optical surface without any irregularities at low magnification. At higher magnification, Tecnis Symfony showed unique highly regular, concentric, and lineate structures in the diffractive optic area which could not be seen in the other studied diffractive IOLs. The differences in the measured Ra and Rq values of the Tecnis Symfony were statistically significant compared to the other models (p < 0.05). Conclusion Various different topographical traits were observed in three diffractive multifocal IOLs. The Ra values of all studied IOLs were within an acceptable range. Tecnis Symfony showed statistically significant higher surface Ra values at both central diffractive optic and diffractive step areas. Furthermore, compared to its counterparts, Tecnis Symfony demonstrated highly ordered, concentric pattern in its diffractive surfaces.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the associations between childhood trauma and parental bonding in panic disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Gaspar Seganfredo ◽  
Mariana Torres ◽  
Giovanni Abrahão Salum ◽  
Carolina Blaya ◽  
Jandira Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Parental Bonding Instrument ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Highly Correlated

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between childhood trauma and the quality of parental bonding in panic disorder compared to non-clinical controls. METHOD: 123 patients and 123 paired controls were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Instrument. RESULTS: The Parental Bonding Instrument and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were highly correlated. Panic disorder patients presented higher rates of emotional abuse (OR = 2.54, p = 0.001), mother overprotection (OR = 1.98, p = 0.024) and father overprotection (OR = 1.84, p = 0.041) as compared to controls. Among men with panic disorder, only mother overprotection remained independently associated with panic disorder (OR = 3.28, p = 0.032). On the other hand, higher father overprotection (OR = 2.2, p = 0.017) and less father warmth (OR = 0.48, p = 0.039) were independently associated with panic disorder among female patients. CONCLUSION: Higher rates of different types of trauma, especially emotional abuse, are described in panic disorder patients as compared to controls. The differences regarding gender and parental bonding could be explained in the light of the psychodynamic theory.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Quality of Chinese and Vietnamese Cassia Using LC-MS and Multivariate Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Ken Tanaka ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Yasuhiro Tezuka ◽  
Shiro Watanabe ◽  
Nobuo Kawahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marker Compounds

In the present study, the chemical composition of water extracts of Chinese and Vietnamese cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) were compared using multivariate analysis of LC-MS data. By principal component analysis of the LC-MS data, 6 compounds, cinnzeylanine (1), cinnzeylanol (2), anhydrocinnzeylanol (3), cinncasinol A (4), epicatechin (5) and procyanidin B2 (6), were identified as the marker compounds to characterize Chinese and Vietnamese cassia. It was clarified that Chinese cassia contains relatively larger amounts of epicatechin and procyanidin B2. On the other hand, Vietnamese cassia is characterized by a relatively larger amount of diterpenes. As catechin derivatives and diterpenes have different types of activity, it is important to choose the cassia that best suits the product for which it is to be used, whether in food or in herbal medicine.

Comparative Quality of Different Brands of Metformin Tablet Marketed in Zaria, Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
F.M. Yushau ◽  
◽  
S. Awwalu ◽  
A. Musa
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Dissolution Test ◽  
First Line ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
British Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Different Types

Background: Metformin tablets are oral anti hyperglycaemic agents that are used as the first line agent in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The proliferation of many brands of metformin tablets in the market has led to availability of different types; some of which may be substandard or counterfeit. Thus, the need to determine the quality of the various brands marketed in Zaria. Objective: To compare the quality of different brands of metformin tablets that are available in Zaria using British pharmacopoeia standards. Method: Seven brands of metformin tablet (500 mg) were randomly sampled from various community pharmacies within Zaria and analysed with respect to identification, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, dissolution and drug content assay using Pharmacopoeial standards. Results: Except for the dissolution and assay tests, the results of all the other parameters for the various brands were within the Pharmacopoeial limits. The percentage content of metformin in brand 2 was 89.90 % which is outside the official range (95 – 105 %). Furthermore, only 70.61, 75.34 and 70.58 % of metformin dissolved from brands 2, 4 and 7 respectively, after 30 minutes of the dissolution test. Conclusion: It can be concluded that of the seven brands evaluated, only four brands are interchangeable with each other and can be substitutes of each other.

scholarly journals Preparation of dahi for diabetic patient

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Islam ◽  
F Akhter ◽  
AKM Masum ◽  
MAS Khan ◽  
M Asaduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solids Content

In this experiment, an attempt was made to prepare dahi for diabetic patient and also to monitor the quality of prepared dahi by using different tests. For this purpose, artificial sweeteners such as sac-sweet and sucrol were added with milk to prepare dahi for diabetic patient. Milk sample was collected from the Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm. Three different types of dahi (A- dahi with sugar, B- dahi with sac-sweet and C- dahi with sucrol) were prepared by using the milk. From the results of physical scores it was found that overall score of A, B and C type dahi samples were 92.44 ± 1.83, 86.99 ± 4.70 and 86.45 ± 7.65, respectively (P>0.05). Average total solids, fat, protein and ash content of A, B and C type dahi samples were 243.43 ± 2.7, 149.73 ± 2.6 and 149.83 ± 2.5 (P<0.01); 44.33 ± 2.1, 49.00 ± 2.6 and 49.00 ± 2.6 (P>0.05); 36.17 ± 1.3, 40.07 ± 1.1 and 40.07 ± 1.1 (P<0.05); 7.67 ± 0.2, 8.43 ± 0.2 and 8.43 ± 0.2 (P<0.01) g/kg, respectively. It was observed that the values of above parameters (except total solids) for dahi prepared by using sac-sweet and sucrol were nearly similar to the dahi prepared by using sugar. But higher level of total solids for A type dahi was due to addition of 10% sugar with milk during dahi preparation. On the other hand, very small amount of artificial sweeteners were used in B and C type dahi just to increase the sweetness which had no or little effect to increase the totals solids content. So it can be suggested that acceptable quality dahi could be prepared by using artificial sweeteners like sac-sweet and sucrol for diabetic patient. Key words: Dahi; Sac-sweet; Sucrol; Diabetic patient DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9687 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 144-150

Supporting Requirements to Code Traceability Creation by Code Comments

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (08) ◽  
pp. 1099-1118
Author(s):  
Guohua Shen ◽  
Haijuan Wang ◽  
Zhiqiu Huang ◽  
YaoShen Yu ◽  
Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Source Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Code Tracing

Requirements-to-code tracing is an important and costly task that creates trace links from requirements to source code. These trace links help engineers reduce the time and complexity of software maintenance. Code comments play an important role in software maintenance tasks. However, few studies have focused intensively on the impact of code comments on requirements-to-code trace links creation. Different types of comments have different purposes, so how different types of code comments provide different improvements for requirements-to-code trace links creation? We focus on learning whether code comments and different types of comments can improve the quality of trace links creation. This paper presents a study to evaluate the contribution of code comments and different types of code comments to the creation of trace links. More specifically, this paper first experimentally evaluates the impact of code comments on requirements-to-code trace links creation, and then divides code comments into six categories to evaluate its impact on trace links creation. The results show that the precision increases by an average of 15% (based on the same recall) after adding code comments (even for different trace links creation techniques), and the type of Purpose comments contributes more to the tracing task than the other five. This empirical study provides evidence that code comments are effective in tracing links creation, and different types of code comments contribute differently. Purpose comments can be used to improve the accuracy of requirements-to-code trace links creation.

Synthesis and applications of nanoparticles: State of the Art and Future Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Shukla ◽  
Mitali Sharma ◽  
Sapna Yadav ◽  
Avinash Raghupathy ◽  
Kartikeya Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Soil And Water

: Nanoparticles are being extensively studied these days to grab more knowledge on how they can be used in various fields to increase the yields and hence be beneficial for biotic components of the ecosystem. Chemicals being used in agriculture have caused a lot of damage to the soil and water quality along with the crop plants, ultimately affecting human health severely. Better alternatives are thus required to get higher yields with a better quality of crop plants that enhance human health. A variety of nanoparticles exists in nature, while others have been manufactured accidentally or engineered purposefully. These can play many beneficial roles in the crop plants, increasing the yield of crops and quality of the grains. They can be applied at various stages and in different doses. The effect they exhibit would be dependent on many factors. Different nanoparticles have diverse effects on different plants. Some nanoparticles may be beneficial to one species of crop plant and disadvantageous to the other one. Therefore, an elaborative study is required on all the types of nanoparticles exhibiting their advantageous and disadvantageous impacts on different species of crop plants for the dose and stage in which they have been applied. This review explains the different types of nanoparticles categorized based on their manufacture and the different effects they cause in different plant species. More research and knowledge is yet to be obtained before using nanoparticles in crop plants since the way they affect human health is a serious matter of concern.

scholarly journals Improving Baking Quality of Weak Gluten Semolina Using Ovine Whey Powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Secchi ◽  
Costantino Fadda ◽  
Ivo Pinna ◽  
Alessandra Del Caro ◽  
Paola Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Whey Powder ◽  
Flat Bread ◽  
Pan Bread ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Starch Retrogradation ◽  
Over Time

The effect of the addition of ovine whey powder at 5%, 10%, and 15% on bread quality was studied. Two different types of semolina were used, one being a commercial blend with strong and tenacious gluten (48T) and the other coming from one single cultivar, characterized for having weak and sticky gluten (4T). Two different types of typical Mediterranean bread were produced, pan bread and flat bread, and their quality characteristics were measured, together with their shelf life. The volume of 4T pan bread was improved by the addition of 5% ovine whey powder. In the case of 48T, the volume of bread was negatively affected by the addition of ovine whey powder. Moreover, flat bread made with 4T was more extensible after the addition of ovine whey powder and showed lower starch retrogradation over time than the same type of bread made with 48T. Among the different pan bread types, consumers preferred 4T with 5% of substitution, which also showed an improved cell size distribution in the crumb.

scholarly journals In-vitro glistening formation in six different foldable hydrophobic intraocular lenses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Tandogan ◽  
Gerd U. Auffarth ◽  
Hyeck-Soo Son ◽  
Patrick Merz ◽  
Chul Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Quality Of Vision ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrophobic Acrylic

Abstract Background Glistenings describe small, refractile microvacuoles that may arise within the intraocular lens (IOL) material and reduce the patients’ quality of vision. Lenses composed of hydrophobic acrylic material are particularly affected by glistening formation. In this study, we compared the tendency of glistening formation in six different types of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods We used a well-established accelerated laboratory method to develop glistenings in the following IOLs: Vivinex XY1 (Hoya), AcrySof SN60WF (Alcon), Tecnis ZCB00 (AMO), Avansee PN6A (Kowa), Aktis SP NS-60YG (Nidek), and CT Lucia 601P (Zeiss). IOLs were first immersed in saline at 45 °C for 24 h and then at 37 °C for 2.5 h in a water bath. Microvacuole (MV) density and size (Miyata grading) were documented and calculated using an image analysis program. Results The mean glistening density [MV/mm2] and mean Miyata grading (in brackets) were: Vivinex: 11.6 ± 5.7 (0), SN60WF: 264.4 ± 110.3 (2.6), Tecnis: 6.0 ± 2.8 (0), Avansee: 2.2 ± 0.7 (0), Aktis: 851.4 ± 59.4 (3+) and CT Lucia: 71.0 ± 71.6 (1). Conclusions While all tested IOLs showed glistenings with the accelerated laboratory method, the Aktis and SN60WF showed the highest microvacuole density, followed by the CT Lucia. In comparison, the Vivinex, Tecnis, and Avansee IOLs showed far fewer number of glistenings.

scholarly journals E-3 Feminism and Sufism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Imran Ali Sandano ◽  
Pasand Ali Khoso ◽  
Zareen Khan Rind
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Educational Rights ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Status Of Women

The concept of feminism has been represented in different forms and criticized especially in the Muslim world. This study argues that Sufism encourages the concept of feminism in Islam and discourages the theological status of women. The Sufi trends for women are more supportive and relevant to the concept of feminism. In particular, this study looks at deific concept of feminism with Sufi preachings and practices; on the other hand it has also examined the western feminism under the shadow of human security concept. The main argument of feminist school of thought is to create equal social, political, economic, employment and educational rights for women. This argument reasserts that there is deep-rooted gender discrimination in all walks of life. Whereas, Sufism challenges Islamic fundamentalists and provides true recognition to the feminism as a quality of activity, authority, strength, greatness and power. Sufis believe that humans may find themselves in different types but eventually there is no female or male, only being. Sufism provides constructive pathways to safeguarding women in all means.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Types of Pruning Operations on Yield and Quality of Tea

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Md. Imran Hossen ◽  
Toufiq Ahmed ◽  
Riyadh Arefin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Positive Effect

Aims: Pruning is the cutting of branches of a tea bush at predetermined height and at a specified interval in order to reinvigorate and bring tea bushes within reach of the pluckers, which directly related to the productivity and quality of tea. In Bangladesh, Three and four year pruning cycles were the conventional recommendations for the tea plantation. In this experiment, along with BTRI recommended four types of pruning operations (LP, DSK, MSK and LSK), two more types of  pruning operations such as: UP (Unprune) and LoS (Level of Skiff) were considered as treatments. This experiment was conducted with two main objectives: to evaluate the yield and yield related parameters of tea due to different types of pruning operations as well as to find out the effect of pruning operations on organoleptic quality of black tea. Study Design, Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was conducted ‘D2 Thall’ area at the main research farm of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) from December 2017 to November 2019. The experimental design was Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications. Methodology: The treatments are denoted as T1 (UP: Unpruned) control, T2 (LP: Light Pruning), T3 (DSK: Deep Skiffing), T4 (MSK: Medium Skiffing), T5 (LSK: Light Skiffing) and T6 (LoS: Level of Skiffing) respectively. Data were collected under the following parameters: Number of plucking point or pluckable shoot/bush in each plucking Fresh weight (g) of 100 shoots (three leaves and a bud) Oven Dry weight (g) of 100 shoots (three leaves and a bud) to calculate Dry Matter Content Green leaf weight (kg) to calculate Yield of each treatment Number of plucking round to calculate Yield gap of each treatment Black Tea Quality of each treatment by Organoleptic Tasting Method. Results: It was found that, number of plucking points/pluckable shoot and yield were found significantly high in T6 (Level of Skiffing), T5 (Light Skiffing) and T1 (Unpruned) than the other treatments. But in terms of tea quality, lowest quality tea was found in T1 (Unpruned), T6 (Level of Skiffing) and T5 (Light Skiffing) treatment. So, it can be concluded that, ‘Skiff Pruning’ or ‘Unprune’ technique had positive effect on yield but the quality of these technique were poor in comparison with other treatments. T2 (Light Pruning) treatment gave more tender and fresh shoot than the other treatment. For this reason, dry matter was low in T2 (Light Pruning) treatment but tea quality was much better than the other pruning technique. Conclusion: Pruning has  positive or  negative effect on  yield and quality of  tea.  ‘Skiff Pruning’ or ‘Unprune’ has positive effect on yield but the quality of is poor than the other treatments. Best Quality tea can be produced from Light Pruning tea section because of having more tender and fresh shoot than other treatments.

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