The Forgetting of Instrument Flying Skills

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Mengelkoch ◽  
Jack A. Adams ◽  
Charles A. Gainer
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Principal Result ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Training ◽  
Flight Parameters

A laboratory study of forgetting was conducted, using an aircraft simulator as the research device. Two groups of subjects were used, with one group receiving twice the amount of original training as the other. The retention interval was four months for both groups. The principal result was that discrete procedural response sequences had statistically and practically significant loss over the retention interval, but proficiency in controlling flight parameters (tracking) and statistically significant losses in only some instances and never in operationally significant amounts.

Effects of Allogenic Dermal Fibroblasts on Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Tear

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1901-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieun Kwon ◽  
Yun Hee Kim ◽  
Sung-Min Rhee ◽  
Tae In Kim ◽  
Jimin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Load To Failure ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The failure of rotator cuffs to heal after repair is an unresolved surgical issue. There have been substantial efforts, including the use of biological supplements, to enhance tendon healing. Dermal fibroblasts are a good candidate for tendon tissue engineering because they are similar to the tenocytes used for collagen synthesis. In addition, they are easily accessible because autologous dermal fibroblasts can be obtained from individual skin without major skin defects and allogenic dermal fibroblasts (ADFs) have already been commercialized in the field of skin engineering. Purpose: To determine the effects of dermal fibroblasts on tendon-to-bone healing in a rabbit model of a chronic rotator cuff tear. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 33 rabbits were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 11 each). Supraspinatus tendons were detached and left for 6 weeks to establish a chronic rotator tear model. Torn tendons were repaired in a transosseous manner with the injection of 5 × 106 ADFs with fibrin in group A, fibrin only in group B, and saline only in group C. At 12 weeks after repair, the mechanical test and histological evaluation were performed. Results: Seven rabbits died before the evaluation (1 in group A, 2 in group B, 4 in group C). In the final evaluation, the mean ± SD load to failure was 48.1 ± 13.3 N/kg for group A, 34.5 ± 8.9 N/kg for group B, and 31.1 ± 8.3 N/kg for group C, and group A showed significantly higher load-to-failure values than the other groups ( P = .011). The midsubstance tear rate, which presented stronger tendon-to-bone healing than insertional tear, was 50.0% in group A, 22.2% in group B, 28.6% in group C, but the differences were not statistically significant ( P = .413). In the histological evaluation, group A showed greater collagen fiber continuity and better orientation than the other groups. Conclusion: This controlled laboratory study verified, on the basis of biomechanics and histology, the potential for the use of ADFs in rotator cuff healing. The current results suggest a new biological supplement to increase the rate of rotator cuff healing. Clinical Relevance: The most important finding of this study was the potential for a new biological supplement to enhance rotator cuff healing—a continuing challenge.

Disappearance of Meconium Pigment in Placental Specimens on Exposure to Light

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-714
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn L. Morhaime ◽  
Kay Park ◽  
Kurt Benirschke ◽  
Rebecca N. Baergen
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
Fluorescent Lighting

Abstract Context.—Meconium discharge has been associated with fetal distress and poor neonatal outcome; thus, its presence is of clinical importance. Objective.—Loss of meconium pigment in histologic sections from light exposure has been described. We sought to confirm this finding and to measure this loss quantitatively. Design.—Sections of umbilical cord, fetal membranes, and fetal surface from 11 grossly meconium-stained placentas were processed swiftly to minimize light exposure. Two serial sections from each block were cut and stained; one set was reviewed immediately, and the other was exposed to 8 hours of direct fluorescent lighting. Each site and exposure was scored for pigment intensity (0, no staining; 1, weak expression; and 2, moderate/strong expression) and number of meconium-laden macrophages per 10 high-power fields (HPF). Results were compared on the same specimen using the χ2 and the paired-samples t test. Results.—The maximum meconium macrophage count was 13.2/10 HPF in the unexposed sections versus 6.1/10 HPF in the exposed sections (P < .001). Unexposed sections varied from 1+ to 2+ intensity, while exposed sections were all 1+ or negative (P < .001). Conclusion.—Exposure to fluorescent laboratory lights for 8 hours resulted in a significant loss in the intensity and number of identifiable meconium macrophages in histologic sections. These findings have important implications in the handling of placental specimens, and we recommend that care be taken to minimize exposure to laboratory lights during processing.

The Effect of RNA Inactivator(s) Synthesized from Cu2+ and Hydroquinone on Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Asaad N. Masoud ◽  
Moslih I. Al-Moslih ◽  
George R. Dubes
Keyword(s):  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Rna Genome ◽  
Base Moiety

The RNA inactivator(s) synthesized from Cu2+ and hydroquinone reacts with ail four free bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. After 1 day at 23°C, losses of these bases averaged 66%, 39%, 97%, and 25%, respectively. In the controls with neither Cu2+ nor hydroquinone and with either one without the other, there was no significant loss of any of the bases, except for the possibly significant loss (14%) of adenine after incubation with Cu2+ without hydroquinone. L-Histidine, a chelator of Cu2+, protected all four bases against the inactivation. The hypothesis that the chemical target(s) for the inactivator(s) in monoribonucleotides and in the naked viral RNA genome is the base moiety(ies) is discussed.

Transfer of Verbal Responses across Instructional Settings by Autistic-Type Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sheldon Handleman
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Transfer Of Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Training ◽  
Instructional Environment ◽  
Novel Environment ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Training Conditions ◽  
Instructional Settings

This investigation assessed the generalization of verbal behavior by autistic-type children across different settings. Six youngsters who learned responses to common questions under two different training conditions at school were probed to determine transfer of learning to a novel instructional environment. Four children demonstrated only low rates of generalization to a novel environment regardless of the type of training. The other two children generalized most responses across settings irrespective of the original training conditions.

Survival of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) After Exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Encapsulated in Flour Matrices2

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. McGuire ◽  
Robert L. Gillespie ◽  
Baruch S. Shasha
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Corn Plants

Two types of pregelatinized corn flour were used to produce granules containing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki and various additives for control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in the whorl of corn plants. Laboratory-reared larvae were applied to corn whorls in the greenhouse and field, and a high natural infestation occurred at one field site (Champaign). In the greenhouse and at all three field sites, five of these formulations were just as effective as Dipel 10G, a commercially available B. thuringiensis product, for control of European corn borer larvae. In all greenhouse studies and at one of the three field sites (Champaign), the dose of B. thuringiensis could be reduced by as much as 75% when a phagostimulant was added to flour granules without significant loss of corn borer control. The phagostimulant dose response was not observed at the other two field sites in which larval infestations were relatively low. Flour type had no significant effect on European corn borer control under greenhouse and field conditions. Greenhouse evaluations provided results significantly similar to results from two of the field sites indicating the usefulness of the technique. The data presented highlight the versatility and potential for using novel formulation techniques for enhancing the efficacy of B. thuringiensis.

Encoding Strategies for Tonal and Atonal Melodies

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Mikumo
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Rehearsal Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recognition Judgments ◽  
Encoding Strategies ◽  
Encoding Strategy

In this experiment, strategies of pitch encoding in the processing of melodies were investigated. Twenty-six students who were highly trained in music and twenty-six who were less well trained were instructed to make recognition judgments concerning melodies after a 12-sec retention interval. During each retention interval, subjects were exposed to one of four conditions (pause, listening to an interfering melody, shadowing nonsense syllables, and shadowing note names). Both the standard and the comparison melodies were six-tone series that had either a high- tonality structure ("tonal melody") or a low-tonality structure ("atonal melody"). The results (obtained by Newman-Keuls method) showed that recognition performance for the musically highly trained group was severely disrupted by the note names for the tonal melodies, while it was disrupted by the interfering melody for the atonal melodies. On the other hand, for the musically less well trained group, whose recognition performance was significantly worse than that of the highly trained group even in the Pause condition, there were no significant differences in disruptive effects between the different types of interfering materials. These findings suggest that the highly trained group could use a verbal (note name) encoding strategy for the pitches in the tonal melodies, and also rehearsal strategies (such as humming and whistling) for the atonal melodies, but that subjects in the less well trained group were unable to use any effective strategies to encode the melodies.

scholarly journals Competition and Food Intake: A Laboratory Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Marisa Bucheli ◽  
Mariana Gerstenbluth ◽  
Maximo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Incentive Scheme ◽  
Piece Rate ◽  
Competitive Environments

The aim of this paper is to analyze the intake of two types of sweet snacks by women using competitive environments as stressors. We study the effect of competition on food intake from two perspectives: overall consumption and the substitution between two snacks (a “healthy” and a “nonhealthy” snack). For this purpose we did a laboratory experiment in which the participants were women. They were offered chocolate candies and raisins as they solved several problems. Half of the participants completed the tasks at a noncompetitive piece rate and the other half under a competitive tournament incentive scheme. The results show that at the median the participants’ intake was higher under tournament than piece rate payment. Moreover, the increase in food intake was led by a rise in chocolate consumption. We conclude that competition increases the consumption of fat, calories and carbohydrates and thus affects eating behavior and promotes unhealthy patterns. This research contributes to the strand of the literature that focuses on factors that affect the eating behavior which influences health.

Managing digital images with SEM viewer™

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Lauraine Denault ◽  
Robin de la Parra ◽  
Claude von Roesgen
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Network System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Significant Barrier

In 1992 Millipore's Corporate SEM Lab made the transition from conventional analog recording of images to digital acquisition and archival. Commonly requested images could be easily and reliably retrieved, without significant loss of image quality or resolution.In theory, digital images could be sent over a network to desktop PC's for review, (rather than producing hard copy of all images). Using established wide area network system, the scope of incorporating digital images significantly broadened. A significant barrier appeared in that the images were acquired using two different hardware/software packages, by two different SEMs (ISI DS130-C and ElectroScan ESEM). Although both generate TIFF images the "flavors" are somewhat different. The TIFF formats were incompatible because the tags used for magnification, micron bar, and descriptor line data were different. As a result, only the image itself generated from one program could be read by the other program, as with all available TIFF readers. Our dilemma was how to enable a single program to recognize and display all necessary information i.e., magnification, descriptor line, and the micron bar with the image.

Pitting Life of Ground, Carburized and Hardened Gears With Uncontrolled Heat Treat Distortion

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Rakhit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Realistic Evaluation ◽  
Heat Treat ◽  
Stock Removal

Abstract Carburized and hardened gears are generally ground to improve the quality of distorted tooth geometry caused by heat treatment. As long as the distortion is low and predictable, stock removal from teeth is small up to a maximum of 0.005 inch from each flank. This allows minimum tooth surface hardness reduction with no deterioration of these gears. Uncontrolled distortion, on the other hand, may result in an undue amount of stock removal with a significant loss of tooth surface hardness. Lower surface hardness reduces gear life due to tooth pitting. For heavily distorted gears, the pitting life may be reduced as much as 30% after grinding. For a realistic evaluation of the pitting life of ground, carburized gears with uncontrolled distortion, derating factors are established for a number of gear materials.

D-vitamin és kalciumpótlás az időskori csípőtáji törések megelőzésében

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (43) ◽  
pp. 1699-1707
Author(s):  
Antal Salamon ◽  
Erzsébet Toldy ◽  
Csaba Biró ◽  
Ákos Mátrai ◽  
Tibor Balassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract: Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining calcium and bone metabolism, a risk factor of osteoporosis, fall and fracture in old age. Reduction in D-vitamin levels associated with compensatory increased level of parathyroid hormone causes significant loss of bone matrix, so substitutions of vitamin D and calcium are very important. Many authors publish their recommended doses used for prevention of hip fracture during the last years. Some authors are satisfied only with vitamin D supplementation while others have better experiences with vitamin D and calcium substitution. On the other hand, some metaanalyses give contradictory results and propose further investigations. It is important to consider the patients’ eating habits and lifestyle as well as the risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Further trials should be done in different age groups in order to examine the effects of different doses of vitamin D without and with calcium to make a final decision. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(43): 1699–1707.

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