Driving Experience and Task Demands in Simulator and Instrumented Car: A Validation Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Blaauw
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Kinesthetic Feedback ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Accuracy Instruction ◽  
Vehicle Simulator ◽  
On The Road

The validity of research results obtained using the fixed-base vehicle simulator of the Institute for Perception TNO was studied during straight-road driving. Absolute and relative validities were mainly evaluated in terms of system performance and driver behavior for inexperienced and experienced drivers, who had to perform lateral and longitudinal vehicle control both in the simulator and in an instrumented car on the road. Task demands for each control were varied with a free and forced accuracy instruction. Overall results showed good absolute and relative validity for longitudinal vehicle control; lateral vehicle control offered good relative validity. Lateral control performance lacked absolute validity due to the drivers' diminished perception of lateral translations (absence of kinesthetic feedback). Drivers were easily able to perceive yaw rotations in the simulator. Performance in the simulator was a more sensitive discriminator of driving experience than was performance in the instrumented car on the road.

scholarly journals Behavioral Changes to Repeated Takeovers in Highly Automated Driving: Effects of the Takeover-Request Design and the Nondriving-Related Task Modality

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Roche ◽  
Anna Somieski ◽  
Stefan Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Task Modality ◽  
Highly Automated Driving

Objective: We investigated drivers’ behavior and subjective experience when repeatedly taking over their vehicles’ control depending on the design of the takeover request (TOR) and the modality of the nondriving-related task (NDRT). Background: Previous research has shown that taking over vehicle control after highly automated driving provides several problems for drivers. There is evidence that the TOR design and the NDRT modality may influence takeover behavior and that driver behavior changes with more experience. Method: Forty participants were requested to resume control of their simulated vehicle six times. The TOR design (auditory or visual-auditory) and the NDRT modality (auditory or visual) were varied. Drivers’ takeover behavior, gaze patterns, and subjective workload were recorded and analyzed. Results: Results suggest that drivers change their behavior to the repeated experience of takeover situations. An auditory TOR leads to safer takeover behavior than a visual-auditory TOR. And with an auditory TOR, the takeover behavior improves with experience. Engaging in the visually demanding NDRT leads to fewer gazes on the road than the auditory NDRT. Participants’ fixation duration on the road decreased over the three takeovers with the visually demanding NDRT. Conclusions: The results imply that (a) drivers change their behavior to repeated takeovers, (b) auditory TOR designs might be preferable over visual-auditory TOR designs, and (c) auditory demanding NDRTs allow drivers to focus more on the driving scene. Application: The results of the present study can be used to design TORs and determine allowed NDRTs in highly automated driving.

Analysis of Preference for Autonomous Driving Under Different Traffic Conditions Using a Driving Simulator

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udara Eshan Manawadu ◽  
◽  
Masaaki Ishikawa ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kamezaki ◽  
Shigeki Sugano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
New Type ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Near Future

<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270006/08.jpg"" width=""300"" /> Driving simulator</div>Intelligent passenger vehicles with autonomous capabilities will be commonplace on our roads in the near future. These vehicles will reshape the existing relationship between the driver and vehicle. Therefore, to create a new type of rewarding relationship, it is important to analyze when drivers prefer autonomous vehicles to manually-driven (conventional) vehicles. This paper documents a driving simulator-based study conducted to identify the preferences and individual driving experiences of novice and experienced drivers of autonomous and conventional vehicles under different traffic and road conditions. We first developed a simplified driving simulator that could connect to different driver-vehicle interfaces (DVI). We then created virtual environments consisting of scenarios and events that drivers encounter in real-world driving, and we implemented fully autonomous driving. We then conducted experiments to clarify how the autonomous driving experience differed for the two groups. The results showed that experienced drivers opt for conventional driving overall, mainly due to the flexibility and driving pleasure it offers, while novices tend to prefer autonomous driving due to its inherent ease and safety. A further analysis indicated that drivers preferred to use both autonomous and conventional driving methods interchangeably, depending on the road and traffic conditions.

scholarly journals Blocking-out auditory distracters while driving: A cognitive strategy to reduce task-demands on the road

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 934-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayça Berfu Ünal ◽  
Samantha Platteel ◽  
Linda Steg ◽  
Kai Epstude
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Strategy ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Hazard Perception in Driving

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Horswill
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Hazard Perception ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Age Related ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

Hazard perception in driving refers to a driver’s ability to anticipate potentially dangerous situations on the road ahead and has been the subject of research for over 50 years. It is typically measured using computer-based hazard-perception tests and has been associated with both retrospective and prospective crash risk, as well as key crash-risk factors such as distraction, fatigue, alcohol consumption, speed choice, and age-related declines. It can also differentiate high- and lower-risk driver groups. The problem is that it is also a skill that appears to take decades of driving experience to acquire. This raises the question of whether it is possible and practical to accelerate this learning process via assessment and training in order to improve traffic safety. We have evidence that, in contrast to most driver education and assessment interventions, hazard-perception testing and training appear to have the capability to reduce crash risk. For example, the inclusion of a hazard-perception test in the UK driver licensing process has been estimated to reduce drivers’ non-low-speed public-road crash rates by 11.3% in the year following their test.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Long-term Skid Resistance of Asphalt Mixture with Multi-content Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Steel Slag Using the Circular Vehicle Simulator (CVS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01044
Author(s):  
Liqun Hu ◽  
Shouke Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Basic Oxygen ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Simulator ◽  
On The Road

Long-term anti-skid performance plays a vital role on the road life cycle and driving safety. Therefore, the CVS was proposed, which can perform full-size polishing on the rutting slabs. The CVS system was used to simulate the long-term anti-skid attenuation law of five kinds of asphalt mixture with different BOF steel slag contents, and the influence of different BOF steel slag contents on the road anti-skid performance was comprehensively analyzed by using pendulum friction value. With the increase of BOF steel slag volume, the long-term anti-skid performance of asphalt mixture increases first and then decreases. Especially, the asphalt mixture with 50% BOF steel slag content has the best long-term anti-skid performance.

scholarly journals Real-Time Driver Alert System Using Raspberry Pi

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yi Wong ◽  
Phooi Yee Lau
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
On The Road

Malaysia has been ranked as one of the country in the world with deadliest road. Based on the statistic, there are around 7000 to 8000 people in the country died on the road among the population of 31 million Malaysians every year. In general, Advances Driver Assistance System (ADAS) aims to improve not only the driving experience but also consider the overall passenger safety. In recent years, driver drowsiness has been one of the major causes of road accidents, which can lead to severe physical injuries, deaths and significant economic losses. In this paper, a vison-based real-time driver alert system aimed mainly to monitor the driver’s drowsiness level and distraction level is proposed. This alert system could reduce the fatalities of car accidents by detecting driver’s face, detecting eyes region using facial landmark and calculating the rate of eyes closure in order to monitor the drowsiness level of the driver. Later, the system is embedded into the Raspberry Pi, with a Raspberry Pi camera and a speaker buzzer, and is used to alert the driver in real-time, by providing a beeping sound. Experimental results show that proposed system is practical and low-cost which could (1) embed the drowsiness detection module, and (2) provide alert notification to the driver when the driver is inattentive, using a medium loud beeping sound, in real-time.

scholarly journals Why so few EVs are in Kuwait and how to amend it

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Andri Ottesen ◽  
Sumayya Banna
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
The Road ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
On The Road

The automotive industry is at a crossroad. Electric Vehicles (EV) now pose an existential threat to the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). In some Northern European nations over 50% of new cars sold are EVs, owing in large part to substantial financial incentives to buy and own an EV, such as tax discounts when purchasing an EV, fuel savings, and preferential use of transportation infrastructure. These countries have pledged to cease all imports of non-EVs by 2035. On the other end of the spectrum are Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, where EVs account for less than 1 percent of vehicles on the road, due in large part to financial and non-financial impediments to buying and owning an EV. In addition, the price per kilometer driven in the GCC is considerably lower with gasoline than with electricity, which contradicts the European experience where cost savings from electricity versus gasoline can be around 8 to 1. Furthermore, as there is an absence of purchase and ownership/utilization taxation of vehicles in the GCC, no tax discount can be levied, in contrast to the EV tax incentives common in Europe. This paper explores which qualities of driving and owning an EV in the GCC are necessary to persuade certain kinds of new automobile consumers to pay a higher purchasing price for owning an EV as opposed to an ICE, in spite of higher costs for electricity compared to gasoline per kilometer driven. This pilot study attempts to provide an insight to new car purchasing behavior among consumers in Kuwait via a qualitative innovative approach known as ‘Q Methodology’. Interestingly, the factors that emerged from the research represent three subjective perspectives of new car purchase in Kuwait which were labeled as Factor 1, ‘Value Seeker’; Factor 2, ‘Safety Seeker’; and Factor 3, ‘Performance Seeker’. The study concludes that given financial constraints, the ‘Value Seeker’ group is not likely to become an early adopter of EVs in the GCC region. Conversely, the ‘Performance Seeker’, which includes mainly younger men who are more likely to view the fast acceleration of EVs as a deciding factor, and the ‘Safety Seekers’, who are mainly younger women who would value the environmental aspects of EVs as well as the quiet driving experience and low maintenance requirements are determining factors for EV adoption in the GCC region in the future.  

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