scholarly journals The relationship between polychronicity and social networks: A mixed-methods study of research and development professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1595-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Bertolotti ◽  
Elisa Mattarelli ◽  
Janet Dukerich
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
The Relationship

How do knowledge workers interact with their colleagues when organizations increasingly ask them to work on multiple activities, projects and working spheres simultaneously? Given the importance of social networks for individual and organizational success, in this study we explore the relationship between individual preferences for engaging in multiple tasks simultaneously (individual polychronicity), the perception of the organization’s demands in terms of engaging in multiple tasks simultaneously (organizational polychronicity), and centrality in instrumental networks. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, we collected data from knowledge professionals in a research and development (R&D) unit. Our results show that both individual and organizational polychronicity were related to network centrality. However, the effect of individual polychronicity on instrumental network centrality was stronger, especially for advice-related interactions, suggesting that individual preferences matter more when it comes to knowledge-related interactions. Not only do we link polychronicity to a previously unexplored context, that is, social networks, but we also propose the use of a cultural toolkit perspective to explain how individuals differentially make sense of organizational temporal demands. Finally, we advance research on the antecedents of network centrality and contribute to the ongoing debate on the delicate balance between structure and individual characteristics.

Significance of Strategic Alliance in Research and Development of Digital Health Products for Diabetes (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kikuchi ◽  
Kota Kodama ◽  
Shintaro Sengoku
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Alliance Networks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

BACKGROUND Digital health has been advancing owing to technological progress by means of smart devices and artificial intelligence, amongst other developments. In the field of diabetes, especially, there are many active use cases of digital technology supporting the treatment of diabetes and improving lifestyle. In the innovation ecosystem, new alliance networks are formed not only by medical device companies and pharmaceutical companies, but also by information and communications technology (ICT) companies and start-ups. While understanding and utilizing the network structure is important to increase the competitive advantage of companies, there is a lack of previous research describing the structure of alliance networks and the factors that lead to their formation in digital health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the significance of alliance networks, focusing on digital health for diabetes, in effectively implementing processes, from the Research and Development (R&D) of products and/or services to their launch and market penetration. METHODS First, we listed the companies and contracts related to the digital health for diabetes, visualized the change in the number of companies and the connections between companies in each industry, and analyzed the overview of the network. Second, we calculated the degree, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality of each company in each year. Next, we analyzed the relationship between network centrality and market competitiveness by using annual sales as a parameter of company competitiveness. We also compared the network centrality of each company by industry and/or headquarters location and analyze the characteristics of companies with higher centrality. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between network centrality and the number of products certified or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). RESULTS We found the degree centrality of companies was correlated with an increase in their sales; The betweenness and eigenvector centrality of medical device companies located in the U.S. were significantly higher than those outside the U.S; Finally, the degree, betweenness and eigenvector centralities were correlated with an increase in the number of Class III, but not of Class I nor II medical device products. CONCLUSIONS These findings give rise to new insights on the industry ecosystem for digital health and its requirement and expect a contribution to R&D practices in the field of digital health.

scholarly journals Peer Attitudes and the Development of Prejudice in Adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311876318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Hjerm ◽  
Maureen A. Eger ◽  
Rickard Danell
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Peer Attitudes ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

According to a number of psychological and sociological theories, individuals are susceptible to social influence from their immediate social environment, especially during adolescence. An important social context is the network of one’s peers. However, data limitations, specifically a lack of longitudinal data with information about respondents’ social networks, have limited previous analyses of the relationship between peers and prejudice over time. In this article, we rely on a five-wave panel of adolescents, aged either 13 or 16 in wave 1 (N = 1,009). We examine the effects of this social context on prejudice by focusing on nominated friends’ attitudes, attitudes of prestigious peers, and respondents’ own positions in their networks. Results indicate that the level of prejudice among peers affects individual prejudice over time. Results also show that both prestigious and nonprestigious peers affect prejudice. Finally, adolescents’ own positions in their networks matter: Network centrality is inversely related to prejudice.

scholarly journals The Capacity to Be Alone Moderates Psychopathological Symptoms and Social Networks Use in Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11033
Author(s):  
Silvia Cimino ◽  
Luca Cerniglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Moderator Role ◽  
Adolescent Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents could not leave their house freely, meet up with friends, or attend school; previous literature showed that youths under enforced confinement or quarantine were five times more likely to suffer from psychopathological symptoms and use social networks sites (SNs) greatly. This study aimed to verify whether the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship could predict youths’ psychopathological symptoms and their SN use during the pandemic, and to evaluate the possible moderator role of their the capacity to be alone. Seven hundred and thirty-nine (n = 739) adolescents were recruited from the general population during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, and they were administered The Capacity to be Alone Scale, The BSMAS, the YSR, and the Perceived Filial Self-efficacy Scale. Our results confirmed a direct effect of the perceived filial self-efficacy on the psychopathological symptoms so that a poorer perceived quality of the relationship with the caregivers predicted higher psychopathological symptoms in youths. Moreover, greater social networks use was predictive of psychopathological symptoms in adolescents. Our results also showed a significant interaction effect between adolescents’ perceived filial efficacy and the capacity to be alone on SN use and on psychopathological symptoms. These results suggest that youths’ response to the confinement during the pandemic is influenced both by individual characteristics (the capacity to be alone) and by relational variables (the perceived filial self-efficacy).

Exploring the Relationship between Oral Health Social Networks, Attitude and Stage of change in Afterschool Staff

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Oropeza ◽  
Tom Valente ◽  
Claudio Nigg ◽  
Jimmy Efird ◽  
Mikako Deguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
The Relationship

Exploring the Relationship Between Oral Health Social Networks, Attitude and Stage of Change in Afterschool Staff

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Oropeza ◽  
Thomas W. Valente ◽  
Claudio R. Nigg ◽  
Jimmy Efird ◽  
Mikako Deguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
The Relationship

PLAYING WITH FIRE COLLECTIVELY: CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL RITES AS DEVISERS AND OUTCOMES OF COMMUNITY NETWORKS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Colombo ◽  
Jaime Altuna ◽  
Esther Oliver-Grasiot
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Community Solidarity ◽  
Symbolic Content ◽  
The Relationship

Popular festivities and traditional events are important moments in which symbolic content, deep emotions and community solidarity are developed. However, there has been little research on the relationship between such events and their social networks and the power relations within these networks. This paper explores the ability of community events and networks to reflect and strengthen social context. Rather than observing the capacity of the event to generate a network, we focus on identifying how the event network is constructed, and how it creates relationships between the different groups, or nodes, within broader social networks. The case analysed is the Correfoc de la Mercè, a traditional firework event in Barcelona involving the Colles de diables, or Catalan popular fire culture groups. Our findings show that there is a bidirectional link or a mutual dependence between the groups (or nodes) and the event, which also support the development of shared social and symbolic capital.

scholarly journals Transnational solidarity among political elites: what determines support for financial redistribution within the EU in times of crisis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Reinl ◽  
Heiko Giebler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Responsibility Attribution ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

As a consequence of the European Economic Crisis, the European Union (EU) has implanted mechanisms to assist fellow member states facing economic difficulties. Despite an increasing academic interest in public preferences for such intra-EU solidarity measures, research has so far largely ignored individual characteristics that could possibly influence politicians’ views. In this paper, we look at politicians’ preferences for transnational solidarity and argue that these preferences depend on attitudes regarding socioeconomic issues as well as attitudes related to the EU. Moreover, we hypothesize that the relationship is moderated by responsibility attribution and the economic situation in a country. Using survey data of about 4000 politicians running for office in nine EU countries, we find that transnational solidarity is more common for socioeconomically left-wing and pro-EU politicians. Yet, attitudinal differences only cease to matter when the beneficiary state is perceived responsible for the crisis and economic problems at home are low.

scholarly journals Individual quality of life and the environment – towards a concept of livable areas for persons with disabilities in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Grabowska ◽  
Radosław Antczak ◽  
Jan Zwierzchowski ◽  
Tomasz Panek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [1] highlights the need to create proper socioeconomic and political conditions for persons with disabilities, with a special focus on their immediate living conditions. According to the Convention, these conditions should be built to ensure that persons with disabilities have the potential to enjoy a high quality of life (QoL), and this principle is reflected in the notion of livable areas. The crucial aspect of this framework is the relationship between the individual QoL and the environment, broadly understood as the socioeconomic as well as the technical conditions in which persons with disabilities function. Methods The basic research problem was to assess the relationship between individual QoL for the population with disabilities as a dependent variable and livability indicators as independent variables, controlling for individual characteristics. The study used a dataset from the EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey carried out in 2015 in Poland. The research concept involved several steps. First, we created a variable measuring the QoL for the entire population with disabilities. To measure the multidimensional QoL, we used Sen’s capability approach as a general concept, which was operationalized by the MIMIC (multiple indicators multiple causes) model. In the second step, we identified the livability indicators available in the official statistics, and merged them with survey data. Finally, in the last step, we ran the regression analysis. We also checked the data for the nested structure. Results We confirmed that the general environmental conditions, focused on creating livable areas, played a significant role in shaping the QoL of persons with disabilities; i.e., we found that the higher the level of the local Human Development Index, the higher the quality of life of the individuals living in this area. This relationship held even after controlling for the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Moreover, we found that in addition to the general environmental conditions, the conditions created especially for persons with disabilities (i.e., services for this group and support for their living conditions) affected the QoL of these individuals. Conclusions The results illustrate the need to strengthen policies aimed at promoting the QoL of persons with disabilities by creating access to community assets and services that can contribute to improving the life chances of this population.

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