From tokens to key players: The influence of board gender and ethnic diversity on corporate discrimination lawsuits

2019 ◽  
pp. 001872671988880
Author(s):  
Michael Abebe ◽  
Hazel Dadanlar
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Workplace Discrimination ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Female Ceos

Does the appointment of more women and ethnic minority directors on corporate boards help combat discriminatory work environments? This empirical study addresses this question by exploring the occurrence of large-scale discrimination lawsuits. Drawing from social identity theory and empathy-based perspectives, we propose that a greater presence of female and minority directors on boards reduces the likelihood of large-scale discrimination lawsuits given their propensity to advocate for underrepresented groups in the workplace. Our analysis of data from 452 US firms from 2010–2015 indicates that a higher proportion of female and minority directors on boards is associated with a lower likelihood of such lawsuits. Specifically, the likelihood of such lawsuits is lower where there are three or more (a critical mass) female and minority directors. “Token” appointments (one or two female or minority directors) do not reduce the occurrence of these lawsuits. Further, the joint presence of minority and female directors on boards significantly reduces the likelihood of such lawsuits. Finally, we found that female CEOs help in reducing the occurrence of such lawsuits when the board has two or more female directors. Overall, our findings highlight the utility of greater gender and ethnic diversity on boards in combating workplace discrimination.

scholarly journals Board gender diversity and firm performance: evidence from the Russian agri-food industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisher Tleubayev ◽  
Ihtiyor Bobojonov ◽  
Taras Gagalyuk ◽  
Thomas Glauben
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
Board Gender Diversity

This study provides pioneering empirical evidence on board gender diversity and firm performance relationship for the case of large-scale agri-food companies in Russia. While Russia plays an important role in the global food security, its domestic agri-food production is heavily dependent on large scale producers. Our findings suggest a strong positive link between the percentage of female directors in boardrooms and firm performance. Moreover, in line with critical mass theory, boards with three or more female directors have greater impact on firm performance compared to boards with two or less female directors. Further analysis shows that the presence of female directors in the company has a positive impact on firm performance, mainly due to their executive, rather than monitoring effects. The paper shed light on gender diversity of Russian corporate boardrooms and provides empirical recommendations for policy makers as well as corporate executives in Russia.

scholarly journals Does The Glass Ceiling Exist? A Longitudinal Study Of Womens Progress On French Corporate Boards

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rey Dang ◽  
Duc Khuong Nguyen ◽  
Linh-Chi Vo
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Number Of Firms

n this article, we conduct a longitudinal study of womens progress on French corporate boards of directors. We particularly focus on the extent to which women directors have circumvented the glass ceiling. Using a sample of SBF 120 companies over a 10-year period from 2000 to 2009, our results provide evidence of a significant increase in the number of women on French corporate boards. However, the corporate glass ceiling hypothesis is consistently rejected whatever the considered measure of female directors; i.e., the number of board seats held by women, the number of firms with a critical mass of female directors, and the number of directorships held by each women director.

Beyond “twokenism”: Organizational factors enabling female directors to affect the appointment of a female CEO

2019 ◽  
pp. 147612701989392
Author(s):  
Jihae You
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Executive Pay ◽  
Female Executives ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Female Ceos ◽  
Board Representation ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, I examine how a critical mass of female directors affects the likelihood that a firm will appoint a female CEO. Drawing on critical mass perspective, I argue that increasing the number of female directors beyond a certain threshold significantly increases the likelihood that firms will appoint female CEOs. Also, I argue that the positive effect of female board representation on the appointment of a female CEO is stronger when the firm is more open toward gender diversity. I test these arguments by analyzing 3669 CEO succession events in large US firms between 1997 and 2017. Results show that the likelihood of appointing a female CEO increases significantly when a board has at least three female directors. Also, I found that firms’ female-friendliness—which was measured by (1) male directors’ awareness of female CEOs at other firms, (2) gender gap in executive pay, and (3) the proportion of female executives—affects the relationship between female board representation and the likelihood of appointing a female CEO, helping female directors affect the likelihood of appointing a female CEO even when their number is lower than the critical mass.

Female and environmental disclosure of family and non-family firms. Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Mintah Oware ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Iddrisu ◽  
Thomas Worae ◽  
Jennifer Ellah Adaletey
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Environmental Disclosure ◽  
Ceo Duality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Critical Mass Theory ◽  
Female Ceos

Purpose This study aims to use the gender socialization theory, critical mass theory and legitimacy theory to examine the female gender and environmental disclosure of family and non-family-controlled firms in India. Design/methodology/approach A sample size of 783 and 177 firm-year observations for family and non-family-controlled firms, respectively, between 2009 and 2020 uses descriptive statistics, a test of difference in means and panel regression with random effect assumptions for data interpretation. Findings The descriptive statistics show a significant mean difference between family-controlled firms and non-family-controlled firms in India. The first findings show that female chief executive officers (CEOs) and CEO duality have a positive and statistically significant association with environmental disclosure in a family-controlled firm but not in non-family-controlled firms in India. The second findings show that independent female directors have no significant association with environmental disclosure of family and non-family firms in India. The fourth findings with critical mass theory confirm the insignificant association of female directors on environmental disclosure of family and non-family firms in India. The results are robust to controlling firm-level variables. Practical implications Firms in the Indian context, through this study, assure stakeholders that family firms are better at improving stakeholder’s expectation of environmental accountability than non-family firms, especially where female CEOs are in charge. Originality/value This study adds the family perspective of the relationship between female CEOs and the environmental disclosure of listed firms in India. Also, female CEO duality and environmental disclosure add novelty to the research studies on gender and environmental disclosure.

Boards of directors in Russian publicly traded companies: the gender aspect

2018 ◽  
pp. 142-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Garanina ◽  
A. A. Muravyev
Keyword(s):  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Female Director ◽  
Gender Aspect ◽  
Longitudinal Dataset

This article studies the gender composition of corporate boards of Russian companies, including its relation to company performance. The analysis is based on a unique longitudinal dataset of virtually all Russian companies whose shares were traded on the stock market in 1998-2014. It shows a relatively small representation of women, just 12% of all the seats, while about 40% of the companies did not have any female director. At the same time, both the share of companies that appoint female directors and the share of female directors on boards show a clear upward trend. The econometric analysis suggests a positive link between the presence of female directors on boards and company performance, especially when firms appoint several, rather than one, female directors.

White Backlash

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Abrajano ◽  
Zoltan L. Hajnal
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
White Backlash ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Racial Divide ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Backlash

This book provides an authoritative assessment of how immigration is reshaping American politics. Using an array of data and analysis, it shows that fears about immigration fundamentally influence white Americans' core political identities, policy preferences, and electoral choices, and that these concerns are at the heart of a large-scale defection of whites from the Democratic to the Republican Party. The book demonstrates that this political backlash has disquieting implications for the future of race relations in America. White Americans' concerns about Latinos and immigration have led to support for policies that are less generous and more punitive and that conflict with the preferences of much of the immigrant population. America's growing racial and ethnic diversity is leading to a greater racial divide in politics. As whites move to the right of the political spectrum, racial and ethnic minorities generally support the left. Racial divisions in partisanship and voting, as the book indicates, now outweigh divisions by class, age, gender, and other demographic measures. The book raises critical questions and concerns about how political beliefs and future elections will change the fate of America's immigrants and minorities, and their relationship with the rest of the nation.

The Obesity Epidemic in Chinese American Youth?: A Literature Review and Pilot Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Matloff ◽  
Angela Lee ◽  
Roland Tang ◽  
Doug Brugge
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
American Children

Despite nearly 12 million Asian Americans living in the United States and continued immigration, this increasingly substantial subpopulation has consistently been left out of national obesity studies. When included in national studies, Chinese-American children have been grouped together with other Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders or simply as “other,” yielding significantly lower rates of overweight and obesity compared to non-Asians. There is a failure to recognize the ethnic diversity of Asian Americans as well as the effect of acculturation. Results from smaller studies of Chinese American youth suggest that they are adopting lifestyles less Chinese and more Americans and that their share of disease burden is growing. We screened 142 children from the waiting room of a community health center that serves primarily recent Chinese immigrants for height, weight and demographic profile. Body Mass Index was calculated and evaluated using CDC growth charts. Overall, 30.1 percent of children were above the 85th we found being male and being born in the U .S. to be statistically significant for BMI > 85th percentile (p=0.039, p=0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that being overweight in this Chinese American immigrant population is associated with being born in the U.S. A change in public policy and framework for research are required to accurately assess the extent of overweight and obesity in Chinese American children. In particular, large scale data should be stratified by age, sex, birthplace and measure of acculturation to identify those at risk and construct tailored interventions.

scholarly journals Unraveling the association between socioeconomic diversity and consumer price index in a tourism country

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Leng ◽  
Nakash Ali Babwany ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Diversity Measures ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDiversity has tremendous value in modern society. Economic theories suggest that cultural and ethnic diversity may contribute to economic development and prosperity. To date, however, the correspondence between diversity measures and the economic indicators, such as the Consumer Price Index, has not been quantified. This is primarily due to the difficulty in obtaining data on the micro behaviors and macroeconomic indicators. In this paper, we explore the relationship between diversity measures extracted from large-scale and high-resolution mobile phone data, and the CPIs in different sectors in a tourism country. Interestingly, we show that diversity measures associate strongly with the general and sectoral CPIs, using phone records in Andorra. Based on these strong predictive relationships, we construct daily, and spatial maps to monitor CPI measures at a high resolution to complement existing CPI measures from the statistical office. The case study on Andorra used in this study contributes to two growing literature: linking diversity with economic outcomes, and macro-economic monitoring with large-scale data. Future study is required to examine the relationship between the two measures in other countries.

scholarly journals Exploring the feasibility of a network of organizations for pain rehabilitation: what are the lessons learned?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Lamper ◽  
Ivan PJ Huijnen ◽  
Mariëlle EAL Kroese ◽  
Albère J Köke ◽  
Gijs Brouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Integration Of Care ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Rehabilitation Care

Abstract Background and aims: Integration of care is lacking for chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) patients. Network Pain Rehabilitation Limburg (NPRL), a transmural health care network, has been designed to provide integrated rehabilitation care from a biopsychosocial perspective to improve patients’ levels of functioning. This feasibility study aims to provide insight into barriers and facilitators for the development, implementation, and transferability of NPRL.Methods: This study was conducted with a three-phase iterative and incremental design from October 2017 to October 2018. NPRL comprises two rehabilitation practices, and three local primary care networks, with a general practitioner together with, a mental health practice nurse, and a physiotherapist or exercise therapist. These stakeholders with a random sample of participating patients took part in evaluations, consisting of interviews, focus groups, and observations. Field notes and observations were recorded during meetings. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided data collection and analysis. Results were used to refine the next phase.Results: According to health care professionals (HCPs), guidelines and treatment protocols facilitate consistency and transparency in collaboration, biopsychosocial language, and treatment. One barrier is stigmatization of CMP in society. Non-participating HCPs’ treatment approaches are often more biomedical than biopsychosocial, causing patients to resist participating in NPRL. The current organization of health care, with cultural, structural, and financial aspects, acts as a barrier, complicating implementation between and within practices. HCPs preferred the iterative, bottom-up strategy. A critical mass of participating organizations is needed for proper implementation.Conclusion: NPRL is feasible in daily practice if barriers are overcome and facilitators of development, implementation, and transferability are promoted. These findings will be used to refine NPRL. A large-scale process and effect evaluation will be performed. Our implementation strategies and results may assist other health care organizations aspiring to implement a transmural network using a similar model.

scholarly journals Female directors in Italy: The state of art after the mandatory gender quota

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sveva Magnanelli ◽  
Elisa Raoli ◽  
Riccardo Tiscini
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
The State ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Of Art

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the state of art of female directors in terms of presence, role and remuneration for Italian corporate boards. The analysis wants to highlight the changes occurred after the introduction of the mandatory female quotas legislation in 2012 and to check how many firms are already complying with the law after 2 years. The picture of the state of art is drawn looking at 163 Italian listed firms for a period of 4 years, from 2011 to 2014. The analysis of the data reveals relevant differences in board composition before and after the law. A significant result concerning the presence of female directors stands in the difference between family and non-family firms: the first are those with higher number of female members in the board. Additionally, an interesting data refers to the amount of remuneration for women, which is significantly lower than the remuneration provided to male directors. Being the first work which charts the situation of board composition and board member remuneration in Italy before and after female quotas introduction, this paper wants to trace some key points for future analysis about the impact of female quotas on various firm’s aspects, such as firm performance, firm earning management and quality, governance characteristics.

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