scholarly journals Effects of Industry Growth and Decline on Gender and Education Wage Gaps in the 1980S

ILR Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Devereux
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
Wage Gaps ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Industrial Composition ◽  
Relative Wages ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Demand Changes

The author uses longitudinal data to study the effects of industry growth and decline on wage changes between 1976 and 2001. He finds that over this period, workers who were initially in industries that subsequently expanded enjoyed faster wage growth than other workers. Moreover, wage growth was strongly related to employment changes in industries the individual was likely to move to: that is, workers' wage growth tended to be relatively fast if their skills suited them for entry into rapidly expanding industries, whether or not they actually moved between industries. The author uses the estimates to evaluate the effects of industry demand changes on within-cohort relative wages during the 1980s. He finds that changes in industrial composition can account for most of the within-cohort increase in the wages of women relative to men and about 30–50% of the increase in the relative wages of more educated groups within cohorts.

Relative Wages, Wage Growth, and Quit Behavior

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Galizzi ◽  
Kevin Lang
Keyword(s):  
Wage Growth ◽  
Relative Wages

Barriers to Access in the Norwegian Criminal Justice System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kermit ◽  
Terje Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Interpreter Service ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Demand Changes

This chapter presents and discusses barriers that Deaf people who have Norwegian Sign Language as their first language face in encounters with the Norwegian criminal justice system. Since this system is based exclusively on spoken language, and mainly depends on the individual law professional’s ability to establish critical, self-reflective practices in each case, Deaf people’s legal safety, as demanded by the rule of law, cannot be taken for granted. Establishing a public, independent, professionalized sign language interpreter service in Norway, however, has helped to reduce risks for Deaf people. Independent interpreters can demand changes in the criminal justice system’s practices, thus making these practices more accessible to Deaf people. Empirical examples illustrating the interaction between Deaf people, law professionals, and interpreters are presented and analyzed. This interaction is less characterized by conflict and more by cooperation and mutual recognition, where both Deaf people and law professionals state their confidence and trust in their interpreters. The chapter concludes that structural change and organization, such as the establishment of an independent public interpreter service in Norway, trump general and well-meant inclusive intentions in organizations such as the Norwegian criminal justice system when it comes to secure Deaf peoples’ rights and the prevention of miscarriage of justice.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
David M. Day ◽  
Margit Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Criminal Trajectories

This chapter develops the thesis that a developmental perspective is essential to advancing knowledge about criminal trajectories and to gaining a deeper, more nuanced understanding of criminal behavior across the life span. In discussing criminal trajectories, an emphasis is placed on the importance of longitudinal data, person-oriented analyses, developmental processes, a life-span approach, and dynamic transactions between the individual and the environment. Last, the chapter details three premises on which the book is based (a) crime is a product of developmental processes, (b) criminals compose a heterogeneous population, and (c) process models are essential to understand criminal behavior in a developmental context.

scholarly journals Identifying atypical change at the individual level from childhood to adolescence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Individual Change ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Individual

Identifying change at the individual level is an important goal for researchers, educators, and clinicians. We present a set of statistical procedures for identifying individuals who depart from a normative change. Using Latent Change Scores models (LCS), we illustrate how the Individual Likelihood computed from a statistical model for change (IL) and from an alternative unrestricted model (ILsat) can be used to identify atypical trajectories in situations with several measurement occasions. Using LCS and linear regression, we also show how the observed and latent change residuals can be used to identify atypical individual change between 2 measurement occasions. We apply these methods to a measure of general verbal ability (from WISC–R), from a large sample of individuals assessed every 2 years from Grade 1 to 9. We demonstrate the efficiency of these techniques, illustrate their use to identify individual change in longitudinal data, and discuss potential applications in developmental research.

scholarly journals Acceleration of Longitudinal Track and Field Performance Declines in Athletes Who Still Compete at the Age of 100 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bergita Ganse ◽  
Anne Kristin Braczynski ◽  
Christoph Hoog Antink ◽  
Matthias Knobe ◽  
Tim Pohlemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shot Put

While physical performance decline rates accelerate after around the age of 70 years, longitudinal athletic performance trends in athletes older than 95 years are unknown. We hypothesized a further accelerated decline in human performance in athletes who still perform at the age of 100 years. To investigate this, longitudinal data of all athletes with results at or over the age of 100 years were collected from the “World Master Rankings” data base spanning 2006–2019 (138 results from 42 athletes; 5 women, 37 men; maximum 105 years) and compared to previously published longitudinal data from 80- to 96-year-old athletes from Sweden (1,134 results from 374 athletes). Regression statistics were used to compare performance decline rates between disciplines and age groups. On average, the individual decline rate of the centenarian group was 2.53 times as steep (100 m: 8.22x; long jump: 0.82x; shot put: 1.61x; discus throw: 1.04x; javelin throw: 0.98x) as that seen in non-centenarians. The steepest increase in decline was found in the 100-m sprint (t-test: p < 0.05, no sign. difference in the other disciplines). The pooled regression statistics of the centenarians are: 100 m: R = 0.57, p = 0.004; long jump: R = 0.90, p < 0.001; shot put: R = 0.65, p < 0.001; discus throw: R = 0.73, p < 0.001; javelin throw: R = 0.68, p < 0.001. This first longitudinal dataset of performance decline rates of athletes who still compete at 100 years and older in five athletics disciplines shows that there is no performance plateau after the age of 90, but rather a further acceleration of the performance decline.

scholarly journals Timing COVID-19 – Synchronization of longitudinal patient data to the underlying disease progression using CRP as a temporal marker

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina A. Maibach ◽  
Ahmed Allam ◽  
Matthias P. Hilty ◽  
Nicolas A. Perez Gonzalez ◽  
Philipp K. Buehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Peak Value

AbstractAdvances in medical technology and IT infrastructure have led to increased availability of continuous patient data that allows investigation of the longitudinal progression of novel and known diseases in unprecedented detail. However, to accurately describe any underlying pathophysiology with longitudinal data, the individual patient trajectories have to be synchronized based on temporal markers. In this study, we use longitudinal data from 28 critically ill ICU COVID-19 patients to compare the commonly used alignment markers “onset of symptoms”, “hospital admission” and “ICU admission” with a novel objective method based on the peak value of inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). By applying our CRP-based method to align the progression of neutrophils and lymphocytes, we were able to define a pathophysiological window that allowed further risk stratification in our COVID-19 patient cohort. Our data highlights that proper synchronization of patient data is crucial to differentiate severity subgroups and to allow reliable interpatient comparisons.

Business owners’ features and access to entrepreneurial resources: new insights for accelerator acceptance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Ermilina ◽  
Matthew Farrell ◽  
Fatemeh Askarzadeh ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Purpose For new ventures, access to entrepreneurship assistantship is the main source of growth and innovativeness. Accelerators, a growing provider of entrepreneurial resources, offer such assistantship. This study aims to identify several factors that might account for a startup’s acceptance of accelerator programs. Particularly, this paper examines the impact of a lead founder’s country of birth, gender and education on accelerator acceptance. Design/methodology/approach This study tests the framework with logit regression for a sample of 10,298 observations for startups in 166 countries over 2016–2018. Findings This study finds that entrepreneurs from developing countries are less likely to be accepted by accelerators than entrepreneurs from developed economies. Counterintuitively, this study also finds an advantage for female entrepreneurs in accelerator acceptance. Further, the results suggest a positive impact on education. Building on signaling theory, this paper argues and shows that accelerators do not evaluate applicants uniformly. Practical implications Our comparative study enhances business owners’ insight for application to entrepreneurial resources and has meaningful implications for women’s entrepreneurship. For policy-making purposes, this study offers more insight on economic development for entrepreneurs’ access to global resources. Originality/value Despite the extant literature demonstrating the benefits of accelerators, determinants of acceptance to these programs, particularly at the individual level, are underexplored. This is the first study that shows the rarely acknowledged link between a lead founder’s country of birth, gender and education level on accelerator acceptance. Here, this study extends entrepreneurship literature and shows some sources of variation in access to international accelerator programs.

Pathways to Refugee Integration: Predictions from Longitudinal Data in Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 690 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Jini E. Puma ◽  
Sarah E. Brewer ◽  
Paul Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Refugee Integration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Survey And Evaluation ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we examine whether and how the success of refugee integration varies over time and the factors that facilitate successful integration. Using data from the Refugee Integration Survey and Evaluation (RISE), we assess the integration of 467 newly resettled refugees in Colorado over three consecutive years, beginning in 2011. We find that that integration significantly increases with more time in the United States, and that age, gender, and education in one’s home country explained approximately half of the variance in overall integration three years postarrival. The integration pathways we derive from the data explain a sizable component of the variance, and we find differences in the integration process across the population subgroups that we examine.

scholarly journals Trends in Social Capital: Membership of Associations in Great Britain, 1991–98

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN WARDE ◽  
GINDO TAMPUBOLON ◽  
BRIAN LONGHURST ◽  
KATHRYN RAY ◽  
MIKE SAVAGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Voluntary Association Membership

This Note uses the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) to consider the changing volume and distribution of voluntary association membership (and hence social capital) in Great Britain. We aim to supplement Hall's study of trends in social capital published in this Journal with more recent and longitudinal data. This allows us to show that whilst the volume of social capital is not declining, it is becoming increasingly class specific, and that its relative aggregate stability masks considerable turnover at the individual level. These findings are significant for current debates on social capital.

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