scholarly journals What Does Codetermination Do?

ILR Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 001979392110657
Author(s):  
Simon Jäger ◽  
Shakked Noy ◽  
Benjamin Schoefer
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Job Stability ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Informal Worker ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The 1960S

The authors provide a comprehensive overview of codetermination, that is, worker representation in firms’ governance and management. The available micro evidence points to zero or small positive effects of codetermination on worker and firm outcomes and leaves room for moderate positive effects on productivity, wages, and job stability. The authors also present new country-level, general-equilibrium event studies of codetermination reforms between the 1960s and 2010s, finding no effects on aggregate economic outcomes or the quality of industrial relations. They offer three explanations for the institution’s limited impact. First, existing codetermination laws convey little authority to workers. Second, countries with codetermination laws have high baseline levels of informal worker voice. Third, codetermination laws may interact with other labor market institutions, such as union representation and collective bargaining. The article closes with a discussion of the implications for recent codetermination proposals in the United States.

scholarly journals REVISTAS ACADÊMICAS DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NO BRASIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Geraldo Ceni Coelho
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Electronic Edition ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Distribución Geográfica ◽  
The 1960S

A publicação de revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas à extensão universitária é um fenômeno notável em vários países da América. Os periódicos mais antigos desta natureza são dos anos 1960, nos Estados Unidos, quando surgiu o Journal of Extension. No Brasil, foram detectadas 29 revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas à extensão universitária ainda em atividade, e as mais antigas entre elas foram iniciadas nos anos 1990. Porém, outras revistas com perfil editorial semelhantes foram detectadas e, embora descontinuadas, iniciaram na década anterior. A região Sul apresenta 12 (41%) das revistas em atividade, e a região sudeste nove (31%), o que indica uma distribuição geográfica desigual no país. O número de revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas à extensão universitária cresceu muito, praticamente triplicando nos últimos dez anos. Nas revistas brasileiras, há uma forte predominância de trabalhos publicados cujo conteúdo se refere a relatos de experiências de projetos de extensão. Poucos são os trabalhos oriundos da pesquisa na extensão universitária, ou em temas que possam subsidiá-la. A qualidade editorial da maioria das revistas apresenta aspectos a serem aperfeiçoados, destacando-se, o corpo editorial e a periodicidade. Palavras-chave: edição eletrônica, extensão universitária, periódicos.     Academic Journals on University Extension in Brazil Abstract: The publication of multidisciplinary journals dedicated to university extension is a remarkable phenomenon in several countries in the American continent. The oldest publications of this nature date back to the 1960s in the United States, when the first issue of the Journal of Extension was released. In Brazil, 29 multidisciplinary active journals dedicated to university extension can be detected, being the oldest among them released in the 1990s. Other journals with similar editorial profile were detected in the previous decade, however, these publications were later  discontinued. In the Southern region of Brazil there are 12 (41%) of the extension journals in activity, and in the Southeast region there are nine (31%), indicating an uneven geographical distribution in the country. The number of multidisciplinary journals dedicated to university extension has almost tripled over the last ten years. In the Brazilian journals, there is a strong predominance of publications whose content regarding experience reports of extension projects. A few are derived from research activities in university extension projects, or on topics that may relate to it. The editorial quality of most journals shows areas to be potentially improved, especially regarding the editorial board and the periodicity. Keywords: electronic edition, university extension, periodicals.   Las revistas académicas de extensión universitaria en Brasil Resumen: La publicación de revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas a la extensión universitaria es un fenómeno notable en muchos países de América. Las revistas más antiguas de esta naturaleza son de los años 60, en los Estados Unidos, cuando surgió el Journal of Extension. En Brasil, se detectaron 29 revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas a la extensión universitaria y que siguen activas, siendo las primeras iniciadas en la década de 1990. Sin embargo, se verificaron otras revistas con perfil editorial similar y, aunque discontinuadas, se iniciaron en la década anterior. La región sur de Brasil tiene 12 (41%) de las revistas de extensión en actividad, y la región sudeste tiene nueve (31%), lo que indica una distribución geográfica desigual en el país. El número de revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas a la extensión universitaria ha crecido hasta casi el triple en los últimos diez años. En las revistas brasileñas, hay un fuerte predominio de artículos cuyo contenido se refiere a informes de experiencias de proyectos de extensión. Son pocos los trabajos son derivados de la investigación en la extensión universitaria, o en temas que puedan subsidiarla. La calidad editorial de la mayoría de las revistas muestra áreas de mejora potencial, destacando el consejo editorial y la periodicidad. Palabras-clave: edición electrónica, extensión universitaria, publicaciones periódicas.

scholarly journals Longevity and personality in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew M Altschul ◽  
James E King ◽  
Miho Inoue-Murayama ◽  
Stephen R Ross ◽  
Alexander Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Accelerated Failure ◽  
Personality Questionnaires

Over the past 20 years, the study of personality has blossomed within primatology. Rating inventories have been extensively used across species to identify personality factor structures for different species. Chimpanzees share a common six-factor structure, composed of Dominance, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion, have been tied to positive effects on overall health and longevity in humans, while Neuroticism is associated with shorter life span. In captive gorillas, Extraversion alone is associated with longevity. We undertook a study of all captive, personality questionnaire-rated chimpanzees; the Chimpanzee and Hominoid Personality Questionnaires have been used to assess almost 600 chimpanzees from Europe, Australia, Japan, and the United States. With these data we investigated which personality dimensions and other life history characteristics might predict all-cause mortality. In an accelerated failure survival analysis, we found a strong effect of Extraversion (b = -4.74, p<0.0001), as well as lesser but significant effects of Agreeableness (b = 2.87, p<0.01) and Dominance (b = 1.64, p<0.05). Female and wild born chimpanzees appear to also live significantly longer (ps<0.01). The robustness of an animal's social network and the quality of its social interactions play a role in the health of social organisms. This is reflected in the importance of Extraversion for gorilla and chimpanzee health, and Agreeableness and Dominance for chimpanzees. Yet, the effect of Agreeableness is also similar to what has been found in humans.

scholarly journals Longevity and personality in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew M Altschul ◽  
James E King ◽  
Miho Inoue-Murayama ◽  
Stephen R Ross ◽  
Alexander Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Accelerated Failure ◽  
Personality Questionnaires

Over the past 20 years, the study of personality has blossomed within primatology. Rating inventories have been extensively used across species to identify personality factor structures for different species. Chimpanzees share a common six-factor structure, composed of Dominance, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion, have been tied to positive effects on overall health and longevity in humans, while Neuroticism is associated with shorter life span. In captive gorillas, Extraversion alone is associated with longevity. We undertook a study of all captive, personality questionnaire-rated chimpanzees; the Chimpanzee and Hominoid Personality Questionnaires have been used to assess almost 600 chimpanzees from Europe, Australia, Japan, and the United States. With these data we investigated which personality dimensions and other life history characteristics might predict all-cause mortality. In an accelerated failure survival analysis, we found a strong effect of Extraversion (b = -4.74, p<0.0001), as well as lesser but significant effects of Agreeableness (b = 2.87, p<0.01) and Dominance (b = 1.64, p<0.05). Female and wild born chimpanzees appear to also live significantly longer (ps<0.01). The robustness of an animal's social network and the quality of its social interactions play a role in the health of social organisms. This is reflected in the importance of Extraversion for gorilla and chimpanzee health, and Agreeableness and Dominance for chimpanzees. Yet, the effect of Agreeableness is also similar to what has been found in humans.

scholarly journals Polarization: What Do We Know and What Can We Do About It?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Casal Bértoa ◽  
José Rama
Keyword(s):  
Party Systems ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War One ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

Polarization is not new in Europe. Looking at electoral support for radical political forces after the Second World War, one can observe how polarization has been on the rise since the 1960s. Still, it is in the 1990s, with the thaw of European party systems and the subsequent emergence of (populist) radical parties, that the percentage of votes for anti-political establishment parties reached unprecedented levels. In this article, we not only show the general (country-level) picture but also highlight both the consequences and causes of polarization, proposing at the same time some potential remedies to combat it. Using an aggregate, longitudinal unique dataset, containing 47 European countries across more than 170 years from 1848 to 2020 (Casal Bértoa, 2021; Casal Bértoa and Enyedi, 2021), we try to shed light here on the perils of polarization for the quality of democracy, how traditional political parties are to be blamed, and how we can tackle the problem.

High performance work systems in the U.S. context

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula B. Voos ◽  
Haejin Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
High Performance Work Systems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Union Policy ◽  
The U.S

In the 1990s, a dominant consensus has been established among industrial relations scholars in the United States regarding the effects of high performance work systems on productivity and firm performance. High performance work systems result in economically meaningful improvements in efficiency and profitability, particularly when they are implemented in an integrated fashion that gives workers significant responsibility and authority to make decisions, provides the needed skills to those workers, and simultaneously gives them appropriate incentives for solving problems. The article reviews the research base for this view, along with challenges to and criticisms of it. One conclusion is that more focus on the effect of these systems on employees is needed. While some recent studies find positive effects on compensation and job security, others are less sanguine, particularly for certain types of employees. The article ends with an overview of how U.S. union policy debates have evolved with increased experience with these work systems.

Rethinking Citizenship: Faith Institutions and Residents Working to Coproduce a New Reality for Returning Citizens

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Blessett
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Returning Citizens

Urban communities and people of color continue to be disparaged by any number of quality of life indicators in 2019 as were identified in 1968. This article examines the evolution of state-sponsored disenfranchisement in the United States and identifies faith and nonprofit institutions as progressive allies in the fight against systemic injustice for communities of color. First, the article uses the Kerner Report to contextualize the heightened surveillance of Black residents and the occupation of their neighborhoods by police in response to the urban rights of the 1960s. The second part examines disenfranchisement as tools of state-sponsored oppression and their long-standing implication for Black people. The final section of the article illuminates the collaborative relationship between faith and nonprofit leaders with community members to advance rights restoration reform in the state of Florida.

Guillermo del Toro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Tierney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Alfonso Cuaron ◽  
The 1960S

Guillermo del Toro (b. 1964) is an Oscar-winning Mexican director, screenwriter, producer, novelist, film scholar, curator, and nonfiction writer who works internationally on English-language and Spanish-language projects in Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, and the United States and across a number of different media, including film, television, animation, and novels. Although he has worked in multiple genres, including horror (Mimic (1997), Blade II (2002), Crimson Peak (2015)), action/fantasy (Hellboy (2004), Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008)), science fiction (Pacific Rim (2013)), and hybrids of these and other genres (The Shape of Water (2017)), he is most known for the gothic sensibility of many of his projects (Cronos (1993), The Devil’s Backbone (2001), Pan’s Labyrinth (2006), Crimson Peak (2015)). Relatedly, Del Toro’s Cronos and his subsequent films, including those he has produced have contributed greatly to the rehabilitation of the horror and fantasy genres from the cultural disreputability they suffered through the 1960s to the early 1990s and also facilitated more horror production in Mexico going forward. In addition to the gothic quality of his work, Del Toro’s auteur status is often traced through the recurring imagery, themes, and monsters that appear across his oeuvre and through the recurring preoccupations with the contiguity of real and fantasy worlds and with ghosts as manifestations of the (historical and political) past. Although Del Toro has made and been involved in the production of some notable franchise films in recent years, directing Blade II, Hellboy, and Hellboy II: The Golden Army, receiving a screenwriting credit for The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013), and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014) he has also turned down several opportunities to work on franchise films in the Narnia and Harry Potter series (passing on directing Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban but suggesting his compatriot Alfonso Cuarón for the job instead) and leaving the production of The Hobbit films after work on the scripts. He’s also received writing credit on Trox Nixey’s Don’t Be Afraid of the Dark (2010).

scholarly journals Time for change: what researchers think about the culture they work in

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-72
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Job Stability ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
High Interest ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Survey Responses

‘It would be easy to look at the quality of UK research and its outputs – generally seen as good – and to conclude that UK research culture must be healthy’. But is it? Wellcome’s report published in January, What researchers think about the culture they work in, paints a very different picture. Rather, the report shows a research community which is overworked, harassed and concerned about job stability. Its findings are based on a review of current literature, views shared in 94 individual interviews, four workshops and data from over 4000 survey respondents. Together, they offer a comprehensive overview of the current UK research environment as experienced by those within it. Importantly, the report provides a base for further investigations into the aspects of research culture and what can be done to improve it. The volume of survey responses, while self-selecting, speaks of the high interest in the subject. The #ReimagineResearch project continues, providing resources for researchers to hold ‘Culture Cafes’ at their institution and running further workshop events, with a shift to focus on the steps required to change research culture.

Think tanks and policy analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
The 1960S

Since the 1960s, think tanks have proliferated in the United States, especially ideological think tanks, with conservative think tanks coming to substantially outnumber liberal organization. In this environment, the quality of analysis from think tanks is often in question and consumers of their work seem to be more often attracted to analysis that supports preexisting point of view rather than the most rigorously produced research. For sure, think tanks matter; they are among the most important sources of analysis in American policymaking. But in order to be influential, think tank analysts must target their audiences clearly and be relentless in marketing their work.

scholarly journals Longevity and personality in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew M Altschul ◽  
James E King ◽  
Miho Inoue-Murayama ◽  
Stephen R Ross ◽  
Alexander Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Accelerated Failure ◽  
Personality Questionnaires

Over the past 20 years, the study of personality has blossomed within primatology. Rating inventories have been extensively used across species to identify personality factor structures for different species. Chimpanzees share a common six-factor structure, composed of Dominance, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion, have been tied to positive effects on overall health and longevity in humans, while Neuroticism is associated with shorter life span. In captive gorillas, Extraversion alone is associated with longevity. We undertook a study of all captive, personality questionnaire-rated chimpanzees; the Chimpanzee and Hominoid Personality Questionnaires have been used to assess almost 600 chimpanzees from Europe, Australia, Japan, and the United States. With these data we investigated which personality dimensions and other life history characteristics might predict all-cause mortality. In an accelerated failure survival analysis, we found a strong effect of Extraversion (b = -5.88, p<0.0001), as well as lesser but significant effects of Agreeableness (b = 2.19, p<0.05), Openness (b = 1.76, p<0.05), and Neuroticism (-1.79, p<0.05). Female and wild born chimpanzees appear to also live significantly longer (ps<0.01). The robustness of an animal's social network and the quality of its social interactions play a role in the health of social organisms. This is reflected in the importance of Extraversion for gorilla and chimpanzee health, and Agreeableness for chimpanzees. Yet, the effects of Neuroticism and Openness are more similar to what has been found in humans.

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