The International Institute of Administrative Sciences: main stages of its history

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
Denis Moschopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
International Institute ◽  
World War ◽  
Permanent Commission ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Second World

The article reviews the major moments in the history of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences from the year of its establishment (1930) to the present. Additionally, it provides information on the 1910-30 period during which the Permanent Commission for International Congresses in Administrative Sciences operated. More specifically, the article presents the main themes addressed by the international congresses, round tables and conferences organized by the previously mentioned Commission in the beginning, and by the Institute after 1930. Attention is given to the Institutés ‘internationalization’ during the post Second World War period. The Institutés international vocation was demonstrated by the participation of member states and national sections from all over the world, as well as by the development of cooperation with international and supranational organizations. Finally, the Institutés scientific methods and techniques during the 20th century are presented.

scholarly journals The War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Tuvd Dorj ◽  
Yuriy Kuzmin ◽  
Mikhail Rachkov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Second World

For the first time in Russian historiography, the article draws attention to the connection of the War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the conclusion of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of 1939. For a long time, historical science considered these two major events in the history of the USSR and history of the world individually, without their historic relationship. The authors made an attempt to provide evidence of this relationship, showing the role that surrounding and defeating the Japanese army at Khalkhin Gol in August 1939 and signing in Moscow of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact played in the history of the world. The study analyzes the foreign policy of the USSR in Europe, the reasons for the failure in the conclusion of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet military union in 1939 and the circumstances of the Pact. It shows the interrelation between the defeat of the Japanese troops at Khalkhin Gol and the need for the Soviet-German treaty. The authors describe the historic consequences of the conclusion of the pact for the further development of the Japanese-German relations and the course of the Second World War. They also present the characteristics of the views of these historical events in the Russian historiography.

Housing in the Latin American City, 1900–1976

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yee
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Housing has been a central feature of Latin America’s dramatic transformation into the most urbanized region of the world. Between 1940 and 1970, the portion of people who lived in urban areas rose from 33 percent to 64 percent; a seismic shift that caused severe housing deficits, overcrowding, and sprawl in Latin America’s major cities. After the Second World War, these urban slums became a symbol of underdevelopment and a target for state-led modernization projects. At a time when Cold War tensions were escalating throughout the world, the region’s housing problems also became more politicized through a network of foreign aid agencies. These overlapping factors illustrate how the history of local housing programs were bound up with broader hemispheric debates over economic development and the role of the nation-state in social affairs. The history of urban housing in 20th-century Latin America can be divided into three distinct periods. The first encompasses the beginning of the 20th century, when issues of housing in the central-city districts were primarily viewed through the lens of public health. Leading scientists, city planners, psychiatrists, and political figures drew strong connections between the sanitary conditions of private domiciles and the social behavior of their residents in public spaces. After the Second World War, urban housing became a proving ground for popular ideas in the social sciences that stressed industrialization and technological modernization as the way forward for the developing world. In this second period, mass housing was defined by a central tension: the promotion of modernist housing complexes versus self-help housing—a process in which residents build their own homes with limited assistance from the state. By the 1970s, the balance had shifted from modernist projects to self-help housing, a development powerfully demonstrated by the 1976 United Nations (UN) Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat I). This seminal UN forum marked a transitional moment when the concepts of self-help community development were formally adopted by emergent, neo-liberal economists and international aid agencies.

Dennis Showalter and the history of armour during Second World War

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Kaushik Roy
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Good Works ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Second World

Whenever one thinks of the World War II, the image of dark menacing panzers cutting deep swathes into enemy forces comes up to the mind. No amount of interpretation and overinterpretation can belittle the extraordinary role-played by the panzers in World War II. Similarly, despite the presence of numerous good works by various historians and introduction of exotic methodologies, Professor Dennis Showalter’s place in the world of academic writings on World War II can never be marginalized. The present article humbly attempts to highlight one aspect of Professor Showalter’s research: history of tanks during the World War II. This essay has two sections. The first section evaluates Showalter’s three works dealing with armour during the World War II. In the next section, the present author, inspired by Showalter’s works on armoured war, attempts to recount the evolution of armoured branch in the Indian Army until the end of World War II. Indian tank units, as this article argues, played a crucial role in the capture of Meiktila and the subsequent ‘Race to Rangoon’.

scholarly journals Contemporary History in Europe: From Mastering National Pasts to the Future of Writing the World

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Spohr Readman
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Second World

Debates surrounding the approach to and distinctiveness of contemporary history qua history that had been simmering ever since the professionalization of history in the late nineteenth century re-emerged with vigour after 1990. This article attempts to identify what characterizes and distinguishes (the history of) our present time, by comparing the evolution of what has been labelled ‘contemporary history’ in France, Germany and Britain over the last 90 years. In discussing some of the conceptual problems and methodological challenges of contemporary history, it will be revealed that many in Europe remain stuck in an older, ‘national’ (and transnational) fixation with the second world war and the nazis’ atrocities, although working in medias res today appears to point to the investigation of events and phenomena that are ‘global’. The article will seek to make a fresh suggestion of how to delimit ‘contemporariness’ from the older ‘past’ and end with some comments on the significance of the role of contemporary history within the broader historical discipline and society at large.

scholarly journals Observatory Publications and their Significant Role in Astronomical Libraries

1989 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 127-128
Author(s):  
Kinga Kaminska
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
World War ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Second World ◽  
Source Of Information

The Library of Warsaw University Observatory is a small one, but it is one of the oldest astronomical libraries in Poland. The library collection has been gathered almost since the beginning of the Warsaw Observatory, that is since 1825. Although a large part of our collection was burned during the Second World War, the remaining part contains many unique items. Scholars doing research in the area of the history of astronomy often find our collection very helpful in their work.Observatory publications play a significant role in my library. In general, we have limited possibilities for buying publications with hard currency. Therefore, any free publications obtained by my library constitute an extremely valuable source of information about new research and discoveries all over the world.

scholarly journals "And after the fire a soft murmuring sound ..." The Abiding Significance of Judaism for Christian Identity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Rutishauser
Keyword(s):  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
World Culture ◽  
World War ◽  
People Of God ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global World ◽  
Second World

Since the Second World War the pioneer phase of Jewish-Christian dialogue has achieved a relatively trusting relationship between both parties and major theological issues have been reflected on and dealt with. With the retirement of this generation of pioneers, while also reviewing history under the influence of the shock of the Shoah, we have to consider a change of paradigm at this time. First of all, a wider public should be involved in the dialogue in the hope of learning to fundamentally construct identity through dialogue. Learnings from the various phases of all of history should be kept in mind. Assuming an active relationship not only with Islam but also with any other interreligious dialogue is of paramount importance in a global world. On the concrete level, a redefinition of monotheism is needed in response to the associations being made between monotheism and violence. Further, the history of salvation has to be re-defined so that not only Jews and Christians are perceived as being in a generative relationship as “people of God” but so that the whole history of the world is perceived in a similar theological manner. A spirituality of action and an understanding of identity as co-constituted by the Other are valuable contributions of the Jewish-Christian dialogue to world culture.

Editors’ Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Schneider ◽  
Daniel Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
World War ◽  
Radical Islam ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Small Period

This concluding volume in The Oxford History of Historical Writing covers a very small period in comparison with some of its companions: barely two‐thirds of a century. As with the other volumes, the boundary dates are both fluid and imprecise: 1945 is a watershed date for the world in the sense that it marked the end of the Second World War and the division of Europe into a Western and an Eastern bloc. Elsewhere in the world, other dates are more meaningful: for China, 1949 is the critical year; and in much of Africa the decolonization of the 1950s and 1960s marked a significant rupture with past, colonial historiography. Unlike the earlier volumes, our period is also an unfinished one, for though some obvious sub‐periods are broken at points such as the early 1960s, the fall of European communism at the end of the 1980s, and the rapid rise of both globalization and radical Islam during the 1990s, it is difficult to predict, in early 2010 as this introduction is written, just where the story of post‐war historiography will end, or how. What ...

Detectives and Forensic Science

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haia Shpayer-Makov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

This exploratory essay outlines various pivotal trends in the professionalization of police detection in England, France, and the United States from the mid-eighteenth century to the Second World War. Key landmarks in the evolution of the role of the detective from criminal turned paid informant, or from nonspecialist law enforcer, to a professional member of a detective unit are traced. The essay draws upon the history of forensic science to highlight the interface between detection and forensic science and to point toward forensic science methodologies that made significant inroads in the world of police detection, thereby enhancing its professionalization.

scholarly journals History of the Second World War: Countering Attempts to Falsify and Distort to the Detriment of International Security

2015 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
V. G. Kiknadze
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Second World

One of the negative phenomena of the modern world are attempts to falsify history and the results of the Second World War, 1939-1945., is an important component of the ideological confrontation in the information space of neoliberal forces of Russian society with patriotic and non-violent, is a tool for achieving geopolitical goals of a number of states. United States, European Union and Ukraine tend to distort the results of the Second World War to remove the history of the Great Patriotic War, the feat of the Soviet people, who saved the world from fascism, and the Soviet Union (Russian Federation), together with Nazi Germany put in the dock of history, accusing all the troubles of the XX century. At the same time attempts to rehabilitate fascism and substitution postwar realities lead to the destruction of the entire system of contemporary international relations and, as a consequence, to the intensification of the struggle for the redivision of the world, including military measures. China is actively implementing the historiography of the statement that World War II began June 7, 1937 and is linked to an open aggression of Japan against China. Given these circumstances, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation noted that the trend of displacement of military dangers and military threats in the information space and the inner sphere of the Russian Federation. The main internal risks attributable activity information impact on the population, especially young citizens of the country, which has the aim of undermining the historical, spiritual and patriotic traditions in the field of defense of the Fatherland.

ڕەنگدانەوەی نووسینەوەی مێژوویی لە گۆڤاری گەلاوێژدا

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-351
Author(s):  
توانا ڕەشید كەریم
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Sensitive Stage ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Reflection of Historical Writing in Galawezh Magazine      The study aims at highlighting the importance of Galawezh magazine, which was issued during 1939-1949, in the process of historical writing, with its ten years of historical inventory in the fields of (Kurds and Kurdistan history, Second World War, the press history, developments and internal events in Iraq, etc).This magazine was characterized by an active presence in following up the historical material and political developments at a sensitive stage in the history of the Kurds, Iraq, and the world.    Building on this, the research is divided into two sections: the first one deals with the historical development of Galawezh magazine through its objectives, form and contents, meanwhile the second one is dedicated to the role of the magazine in historical writing through the most important fields that the magazine worked for and how to deal with historical topics.      Finally, the researcher has come up with a number of conclusions, mainly: The historical subjects occupied a high proportion in the magazine writings, especially in the field of history of the Kurds, which in turn contributed to the development of the historical writing movement in Kurdistan. The magazine also followed the rapid political developments witnessed by Iraq and the world.

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