scholarly journals Anticorruption effects of information communication and technology (ICT) and social capital

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Chul Shim ◽  
Tae Ho Eom
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Trust Networks ◽  
Government Work ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Corrupt Behavior ◽  
High Level ◽  
Communication And Technology ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the argument that Information Communication and Technology (ICT) and social capital serve as major factors to reduce corruption. ICT has the potential to reduce unnecessary human intervention in government work processes, thus reducing the need to monitor corrupt behavior. Furthermore, citizens living in a society with a high level of social capital are more likely to become actively involved in the political decision-making process, increasing the likelihood that public employees' corrupt behaviors will be exposed to the densely connected public. We also examined the relationship between social capital and ICT. Our statistical analysis, which used panels of datasets obtained from various sources, revealed that (1) ICT is an effective tool for reducing corruption; (2) social capital also has positive effects on anti-corruption, but various dimensions of social capital may have different impacts; and (3) the relationship between social capital and ICT is inconclusive. Points for practitioners The theoretical model and empirical results of this article shed light on the potential impacts of ICT on corruption, thereby providing practitioners with the opportunity to consider ICT as a useful and practical policy tool for reducing corruption in addition to traditional methods, i.e. administrative reform and law enforcement. Further, although our research findings on the relationship between ICT and social capital were inconclusive, social capital was found to have anticorruption effects independent of ICT, which implies that policies designed to foster trust networks in a society can contribute to the reduction of corruption.

scholarly journals Pendekatan Pluralisme Hukum dalam Studi Hukum Adat: Interaksi Hukum Adat dengan Hukum Nasional dan Internasional

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-124
Author(s):  
Sartika Intaning Pradhani
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Forum Shopping ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Communication And Technology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adat Law

Scientific study on adat law starts from empirical research, which finds that adat law does not stand alone but works together with other legal orders. This paper is written based on normative legal research by collecting secondary data to answer (1) how legal pluralism explains adat law and adat law community; and (2) how the application of legal pluralism approach in adat law study. The legal pluralism approach explains adat law not as an isolated/marginalized legal order but as a dynamic legal order which interacts with national and international law. From the perspective of legal pluralism, the adat law community is a semi-autonomous social field that produces rules from the interplay between the adat law community and other legal communities/institutions. Categorization of legal pluralism approach application are as follow: first, weak legal pluralism where state law recognizes adat law either by law and regulation or court decision; second, strong legal pluralism which describes through the semi-autonomous social field, shopping forum, and forum shopping concept; third, legal pluralism multi-sited which explain the relationship between legal phenomena in local, national, and international level; and elaborate the role of information, communication, and technology which bridges legal phenomenon from one to another. Abstrak Kajian ilmiah terhadap hukum adat berangkat dari penelitian lapangan yang menemukan bahwa hukum adat tidak pernah berdiri sendiri dan selalu berinteraksi dengan tertib hukum yang lain. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder berupa laporan-laporan penelitian dan artikel jurnal untuk untuk menjawab (1) bagaimana pendekatan pluralisme hukum menjelaskan hukum adat dan masyarakat hukum adat; dan (2) bagaiamana pendekatan pluralisme hukum digunakan dalam studi hukum adat hari ini. Pendekatan pluralisme hukum memahami hukum adat tidak sebagai suatu ketertiban hukum yang terpisah atau termarginalisasi dari ketertiban hukum yang lain, tetapi secara dinamis terus berinteraksi dengan hukum nasional maupun internasional. Dari perspektif pluralisme hukum, masyarakat hukum adat merupakan suatu wilayah sosial semi otonom yang melahirkan hukum berdasarkan hubungan saling memengaruhi dengan masyarakat hukum lain. Penerapan pendekatan pluralisme hukum dalam studi hukum adat dapat dikelompokkan dalam tiga kategori. Pertama, pluralisme hukum lemah di mana negara mengakui hukum adat baik melalui peraturan perundang-undangan maupun putusan pengadilan. Kedua, pluralisme hukum kuat yang dideskripsikan melalui konsep wilayah sosial semi-otonom, forum shopping, dan shopping forum. Terakhir, pluralisme hukum multi-sited yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan berbagai fenomena hukum antara hukum adat (lokal), nasional, dan internasional serta peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam menjembatani hubungan tersebut.

Linking Bonding and Bridging Ownership Social Capital in Private Firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine M. Uhlaner ◽  
Ilse A. Matser ◽  
Marta M. Berent-Braun ◽  
Roberto H. Flören
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between bonding and bridging ownership social capital (OSC) for a random sample of 679 privately held small and medium-sized firms. Results confirm the positive effects of bonding OSC (quality of relationships and shared vision) on bridging OSC (network mobilization) as well as two- and three-way moderator effects of family firm identity and ownership–management overlap. Moderator effects are more robust, however, for the shared vision indicator of bonding OSC. Implications for social capital theory, social and organizational identity theory, and family firm research and practice are discussed.

Arabic business relationship characteristics: a social capital perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Albin Shaikh ◽  
Sharon Purchase ◽  
Gregory Brush
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the development of social capital in an Arab business environment, and provide an in-depth description of the nature and role of three key Arabic business relationship characteristics (ehsan,et-mooneandwasta), their impact on each other and key influencing factors.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research design was used, in which face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with innovation teams (22 team members) at six industrial small and medium-sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, then analyzed (thematic coding) through NVivo.FindingsThe findings suggest thatwasta,ehsanandet-moonealign closely with the three social capital dimensions (structural, cognitive and relational); thus, developing these three relationship characteristics most likely results in developing social capital. The findings also expand the description of the three business relationship characteristics. Moreover,ehsan,et-mooneandwastaappear to influence each other, and are affected by other factors such as an individual’s age and position, and the duration of the relationship.Ehsanhas a positive influence on the development ofet-moone, while the existence ofet-mooneappears to be necessary for the establishment ofwasta-capital. A high level ofehsanmight influence the relationship betweenet-mooneandwasta-use and limit the negative usage ofwasta.Practical implicationsInternational managers can improve the level ofehsanin their organizational and business relationships through assigning incentives and playing the role of moral champion to encourageehsanbehavior. Managers aiming to increaseet-moonemay choose team members with a high level ofehsan, emphasizing the development of personal relationships, and providing opportunities for socialization both inside and outside the workplace. A high level ofehsanandet-moonewill assist managers to develop and usewasta.Originality/valueThis study makes a threefold contribution to the literature. First, it provides an expanded description of the three Arabic business relationship characteristics and how they align closely with the dimensions of social capital.Wastaaligns with the structural dimension andehsanaligns with the cognitive dimension, whileet-moonealigns closely with the relational dimension. Second, it suggests and shows how the three relationship characteristics might interact with each other.Ehsanappears to influenceet-moone, and also the relationship betweenet-mooneandwasta.Et-mooneappears to have a positive influence onwastause. Third, the findings also indicate that there might be other factors (e.g. age and position) that influence the interactions between the three business relationship characteristics.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Hope and Perceived Stress in Teacher Candidates

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Serdar Sucan
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Preparatory Course ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The long-term and uncontrollable stress of KPSS (Personnel Selection Examination) candidates disrupts their psychology, weakens thinking and decision-making, and thus decreases academic achievement. The aim of this study is; It is the determination of the relationship between the level of hope and perceived stress of teacher candidates prepared for KPSS.A total of 382 teacher candidates participated in a special KPSS preparatory course in Kayseri. Candidate teachers who graduated from different departments and universities are between the ages of 21-25 in 41.6%. When we look at socio-demographic characteristics; 68.4% male; 59.9% single and 51.5% were at medium income level. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Adult Hope Scale (AHS) were administered to the participants. The mean AHS score of the teacher candidates was 27.73±1.92. This shows the high level of hope of the participants. Perceived Stress level was found to be medium at 53.6%. As a result of the analysis, a significant a negative correlation was found between level of hope and perceived stress (p <0.01). According to regression analysis, level of hope in teacher candidates showed a statistically significant positive effect on perceived stress (p <0.01).As a result, negative relationships were found between hope and perceived stress. It is thought that highly hopeful people perceive stress lower and life satisfaction increases. Therefore, in order to increase the level of hope and to reduce the negative effects of stress, educators should support KPSS candidates. Programs related to the high level of hope to be implemented in schools may have positive effects on individuals' low stress and examinations.

scholarly journals NEWS MEDIA USE AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: SOCIAL CAPITAL AND CIVIC ACCOUNTABILITY AS MEDIATING MECHANISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrar Ahmed, Steven A. Beebe, Andleeb Ikhlaq
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
News Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Attitude Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between news media use and civic engagement. The investigation also examines the mediating role of social capital and civic accountability between news media use and civic attitude/behavior. Uses and gratification theory provides the theoretical framework for the study. Using a cross-sectional survey design, this study collects data from 367 respondents. Findings using structural equation modeling reveal that news media has positive effects on civic behavior. News media has a significant relationship with social capital and civic accountability. Furthermore, civic accountability plays a positive mediating role between news media use and civic attitude/behavior. The relationship between news media use and civic behavior is also mediated by social capital. No relationship was found between news media and civic attitude. In terms of civic attitude, the results of the direct and indirect effects of social capital also remain statistically nonsignificant.

scholarly journals Obstacles open the door — Negative shocks can motivate individuals to focus on opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Feng ◽  
Wenxia Zhou ◽  
Shuoyu Li ◽  
Mengyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Positive Dimension ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBy responding to the call for research on negative career shocks and future time perspective, this study regarded internal social capital as a tool of resource retention which shifts attention to negative career shocks’ positive effects. We test a moderated mediation model which illustrates the effect of negative career shocks on focus on opportunities—positive dimension of occupational future time perspective. Results revealed that internal social capital acts as the mediator between negative career shocks and focus on opportunities, and organizational embeddedness moderats the mediation effect. The relationship is stronger when individuals are highly embedded in organizations.

SOCIALINĖS SVEIKATOS BŪKLĖ IR AMŽIUS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Algirdas Juozulynas ◽  
Rasa Savičiūtė ◽  
Antanas Jurgelėnas ◽  
Vaineta Valeikienė ◽  
Rimantas Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Weak Condition ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Integral Scale ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Social health is well-being of society and individuals, or it can be understood as a social power of nascent relationship between people, which condition determined by the intensity of the relationship. Social health is not an isolated phenomenon. Together with other social and cultural phenomena it creates social capital. The aim of this study in the context of social capital was to explore subjectively assessed status of social health, relation to age and sex. 1223 respondents were surveyed, including 346 men, 877 women, 973 urban and 250 rural residents. The sample was random and probabilistic. The data were obtained using the adapted WHO questionnaire of social health. The results was analysed using the integral scale of 0 – 100 scale. Significance average of 55, 8 points of social health was found. The average and weak condition was dominated in all age groups. Men’s social health was statistically significantly better than women’s. The study showed a fairly high level of alienation. In the age of group from 18 to 29, it reached 52 percent. The changes of social health in different age groups showed that by the age of 30 years there is tendency to improve, and after 60 years – a tendency to deteriorate. Apparently this is related with the transformation of social capital which this age is the most sensitive.

scholarly journals Social factors of communicative misunderstanding between forced migrants and the host community

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Olga Popova
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Bonding Social Capital ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines social factors that cause misunderstandings between forced migrants and members of a host community. The article investigates mechanisms of social perception as a process responsible for quality of communication between these actors, as well as the relationship of these mechanisms with integration of forced migrants into the host society. The article presents the results of two studies: in the first one, 318 interviews with forced migrants from Donbass were got in 2018, and, in the second one, 200 interviews were obtained in 2019. The studies have demonstrated a high level of prejudice of the host society towards forced migrants, low level of generalized trust of migrants to surrounding people. This situation contributes to the formation of bonding social capital, but does not contribute to the formation of bridging and linking capital, which does not affect the expansion of new social connections and the acquisition of new relevant social capital.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document