Fabrication of microcellular polycarbonate foams with unimodal or bimodal cell-size distributions using supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonglei Ma ◽  
Guangcheng Zhang ◽  
Quan Yang ◽  
Xuetao Shi ◽  
Aihua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Cell Size Distributions ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Cell characteristics of epoxy resin foamed by step temperature-rising process using supercritical carbon dioxide as blowing agent

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxun Lyu ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Zhenhao Xi ◽  
Ling Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Curing Reaction ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

A temperature-rising batch foaming process with supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as blowing agent was used to prepare epoxy resin foams consisting of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and m-xylylenediamine. The dissolution and diffusion behaviors of CO2 in pre-cured epoxy resin were investigated, as well as the parameter effect of CO2 saturation step and foaming step on the cell characteristics. It was proved that closed-cells could be generated for CO2 unsaturated samples and the cell characteristics with the same dissolved CO2 concentration were similar. The merged and cracked bubble morphologies were usually obtained for CO2-saturated epoxy resin samples. With increasing CO2 concentration from 0.021 g CO2/g epoxy resin to 0.061 g CO2/g epoxy resin in the unsaturated samples, the cell size increased from 170.2 µm to 262.6 µm and the cell density decreased from 6.8 × 105/cm3 to 3.1 × 105/cm3. Bubble nucleation and growth occurred simultaneously with curing reaction in temperature-rising step. As the final foaming temperature increased from 60℃ to 120℃, the cell size of samples with dissolved CO2 concentration of 0.021 g CO2/g epoxy resin increased from 172.7 µm to 369.0 µm, while the cell density first increased from 6.8 to 7.3 and then decreased to 3.5. The cell size of samples with CO2 concentration of 0.031 g CO2/g epoxy resin increased from 145.3 µm to 180.5 µm with foaming time from 5 min to 20 min, but changed slightly when curing reaction almost finished and CO2 was depleted after 20 min.

Thermoplastic starch and glutaraldehyde modified thermoplastic starch foams prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as a blowing agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2643-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-li Peng ◽  
Xuan-long Peng ◽  
James Runt ◽  
Chao-ming Huang ◽  
Kuo-shien Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Starch Foams ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

scholarly journals Foaming Behavior and Microcellular Morphologies of Incompatible SAN/CPE Blends with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Physical Blowing Agent

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Chen Zhang ◽  
Chun-Na Yu ◽  
Yong Liang ◽  
Gui-Xiang Lin ◽  
Cong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Chlorinated Polyethylene ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Interconnected Pores ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The foaming process and cellular morphologies of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) blends with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a blowing agent were investigated in this study. As compared to pure SAN foam in the same batch, the foamed blends with various CPE elastomer content had smaller average pore size and larger cell density. This is probably related to the inhibition of bubble growth by elastomer, resulting in poor melt flowability and strong viscoelasticity, and the efficient bubble heterogeneous nucleation caused by numerous phase interfaces inside the incompletely compatible blend system. In addition, many tiny interconnected holes through the pore walls were formed to connect adjacent micropores in foamed blend samples. The formation mechanism of such interconnected pores is probably due to the fracture of stretched melt around the bubble from phase interfaces with weak interactions. These facts suggest an effective path to control pore size, cell density and even interconnected pores of blend foams depends on the compatibility of the blend system and difference in foamability of individual components in supercritical CO2.

Foaming of CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu Xiong ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Huan Yuan ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Guo Qiang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Nanocomposite Foams ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite Foams Are a Kind of Novel Multifunctional Foams which Have a Potential Application for Lightweight Conductive and EMI Shielding Materials. In this Work, the CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite Foams with Different CNTs Contents from 1wt.% to 10wt.% Were Prepared at a Temperature Range of 50-140 °C with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Blowing Agent. The Results Suggest that the Fully Heterogeneous Nucleation Is Achieved due to the Contribution of Well-Dispersed CNTs in PMMA. The CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite Foams Exhibit a Uniform Cell Distribution, and the Cell Density Is Two Orders of Magnitude Higher than that of PMMA Foams. The Cell Size and Cell Density of CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposite Foams Could Be Controlled by Adjusting the Foaming Process and CNTs Contents. It Is Also Suggested that the Foaming Process Plays an Important Role on the Cell Structure Rather than that of CNTs Content when it Is Higher than 1wt.%.

A parametric study into the morphology of polystyrene-co-methyl methacrylate foams using supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent

Polymer ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 3771-3780 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J.M. Jacobs ◽  
K.C.H. Danen ◽  
M.F. Kemmere ◽  
J.T.F. Keurentjes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Polypropylene/Waste Ground Rubber Tire Powder Foams: A Study of the Relationship Between Processing and Structure Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xiu Zhang ◽  
Shu Ling Zhang ◽  
Zhen Xiang Xin ◽  
Jin Kuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
Foam Density ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Ground Rubber ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

AbstractIn this study, processing-structure relationships in polypropylene (PP)/waste ground rubber tire powder (WGRT) foams made using supercritical carbon dioxide as a physical blowing agent were investigated. In order to investigate the relationship between structure and properties of PP/WGRT foams, it was necessary to make samples with a wide range of controlled structures. For this reason, a systematic investigation of the relationship between processing conditions and structure was performed based on a statistical experimental design. Regression analysis was conducted on the data and expressions were developed to quantify the relationships between structural parameters and processing conditions. The samples were saturated with carbon dioxide at high temperature and high pressure and the saturated specimens were expanded during the pressure-quench process. The importance of the individual processing parameters was determined. Statistical analysis of data showed that saturation temperature was the most important factor determining cell size, cell density and relative density. By controlling the foaming conditions, PP/WGRT samples having the same foam density and different cell size or having the same cell size and different foam density were produced.

Foaming window for preparation of microcellular rigid polyurethanes using supercritical carbon dioxide as blowing agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Yang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Dongdong Hu ◽  
Zhimei Xu ◽  
Ling Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Layered-silicate based polystyrene nanocomposite microcellular foam using supercritical carbon dioxide as blowing agent

Polymer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2177-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Weibin Zha ◽  
Jintao Yang ◽  
Cailiang Zhang ◽  
L. James Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Microcellular Foam ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Supercritical Carbon
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