scholarly journals Enrichment of Innate Lymphoid Cell Populations in Gingival Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1399-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Brown ◽  
L. Campbell ◽  
J. Malcolm ◽  
A. Adrados Planell ◽  
J.P. Butcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes ◽  
Group 1

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of lymphocytes that act as the first line of immunologic defense at mucosal surfaces. The ILC family in the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tissues has been investigated, and there are reports of individual subsets of ILCs in the oral tissues. We sought to investigate the whole ILC population (group 1, 2, and 3 subsets) in the murine gingivae and the lymph nodes draining the oral cavity. We show that ILCs made up a greater proportion of the whole CD45+ lymphocyte population in the murine gingivae (0.356% ± 0.039%) as compared with the proportion of ILCs in the draining lymph nodes (0.158% ± 0.005%). Cytokine profiling of the ILC populations demonstrated different proportions of ILC subsets in the murine gingivae versus the regional lymph nodes. The majority of ILCs in the draining lymph nodes expressed IL-5, whereas there were equal proportions of IFN-γ- and IL-5 expressing ILCs in the oral mucosa. The percentage of IL-17+ ILCs was comparable between the murine gingivae and the oral draining lymph nodes. These data suggest an enrichment of ILCs in the murine gingivae, and these ILCs reflect a cytokine profile discrepant to that of the local draining lymph nodes. These studies indicate diversity and enrichment of ILCs at the oral mucosal surface. The function of ILCs in the oral cavity remains to be determined; here, we provide a premise of ILC populations that merits future consideration in investigations of mouse models and human tissues.

scholarly journals Bovine Immune Response to Vaccination and Infection with Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Wilson-Welder ◽  
David P. Alt ◽  
Jarlath E. Nally ◽  
Steven C. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Leptospira Borgpetersenii ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Experimental Challenge

ABSTRACT This study examined the humoral and cellular response of cattle vaccinated with two commercial leptospiral vaccines, Leptavoid and Spirovac, and a novel bacterin vaccine using Seppic Montanide oil emulsion adjuvant. Vaccination was followed by experimental challenge. All vaccinated cattle were protected from colonization of the kidney and shedding of Leptospira in urine, as detected by culture and immunofluorescence assay. Agglutinating antibody titers were detected in vaccinated cattle at 4 weeks following vaccination, with small anamnestic response detected following experimental challenge. Only animals vaccinated with the oil emulsion-adjuvanted bacterin produced significant IgG2 titers following vaccination, and nonvaccinated animals produced serum IgA titers after experimental challenge. CD4+ and γδ T cells from vaccinated cattle proliferated when cultured with antigen ex vivo. Cellular responses included a marked proliferation of γδ T cells immediately following experimental challenge in vaccinated cattle and release of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 17a (IL-17a), and IL-12p40 from stimulated cells. Proliferative and cytokine responses were found not just in peripheral mononuclear cells but also in lymphocytes isolated from renal lymph nodes at 10 weeks following experimental challenge. Overall, effects of leptospirosis vaccination and infection were subtle, resulting in only modest activation of CD4+ and γδ T cells. The use of Seppic Montanide oil emulsion adjuvants may shorten the initiation of response to vaccination, which could be useful during outbreaks or in areas where leptospirosis is endemic. IMPORTANCE Leptospirosis is an underdiagnosed, underreported zoonotic disease of which domestic livestock can be carriers. As a reservoir host for Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo, cattle may present with reproductive issues, including abortion, birth of weak or infected calves, or failure to breed. Despite years of study and the availability of commercial vaccines, detailed analysis of the bovine immune response to vaccination and Leptospira challenge is lacking. This study evaluated immunologic responses to two efficacious commercial vaccines and a novel bacterin vaccine using an adjuvant chosen for enhanced cellular immune responses. Antigen-specific responsive CD4 and γδ T cells were detected following vaccination and were associated with release of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17a after stimulation. CD4 and γδ cells increased in the first week after infection and, combined with serum antibody, may play a role in clearance of bacteria from the blood and resident tissues. Additionally, these antigen-reactive T cells were found in the regional lymph nodes following infection, indicating that memory responses may not be circulating but are still present in regional lymph nodes. The information gained in this study expands knowledge of bovine immune response to leptospirosis vaccines and infection. The use of oil emulsion adjuvants may enhance early immune responses to leptospiral bacterins, which could be useful in outbreaks or situations where leptospirosis is endemic.

scholarly journals Intranasal Vaccination against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with a Particulated Leishmanial Antigen or DNA Encoding LACK

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 4521-4527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fonseca Pinto ◽  
Roberta Olmo Pinheiro ◽  
Alice Rayol ◽  
Vicente Larraga ◽  
Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Mucosal Vaccine ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

ABSTRACT We have previously demonstrated that oral delivery of a disease-promoting particulated antigen of Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg) partially protects mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the present work, we sought to optimize a mucosal vaccine by using the intranasal route for delivery of different antigen preparations, including (i) LaAg, (ii) soluble recombinant p36/LACK leishmanial antigen (LACK), and (iii) plasmid DNA encoding LACK (LACK DNA). BALB/c mice that received two intranasal doses of 10 μg of LaAg and were challenged 1 week postvaccination with L. amazonensis developed delayed but effective control of lesion growth. A diminished parasite burden was accompanied by enhancement of both gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 levels in the lesion-draining lymph nodes. The vaccine efficacy improved with time. At 4 months postvaccination, when a strong parasite-specific TH1-type response was present in vivo, the infection was controlled for at least 5 months after challenge. In contrast to the particulated LaAg, soluble LACK (10 μg/dose) had no effect. Interestingly, LACK DNA (30 μg/dose), but not empty DNA, promoted rapid and durable protective immunity. Parasite growth was effectively controlled, and at 5 months after challenge LACK-reactive cells in both the mucosal and lesion-draining lymph nodes produced high levels of IFN-γ. These results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of using the intranasal route for long-lived memory vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis with adjuvant-free crude antigens or DNA.

Cellular infiltration at skin lesions and draining lymph nodes of sheep infested with adultHyalomma anatolicum anatolicumticks

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. V. BOPPANA ◽  
S. K. WIKEL ◽  
D. G. RAJ ◽  
M. B. MANOHAR ◽  
J. LALITHA
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Immunohistochemical analysis of skin and draining lymph nodes of sheep repeatedly infested with the ixodid tickHyalomma anatolicum anatolicumwere studied for different antigen-presenting cells and lymphocyte subpopulations. Infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes adjacent to the tick bite site were observed. Skin biopsies showed significant increases in dermal infiltration of CD8+and γδ+T cells at 72 h and 8 days after both primary and secondary infestation. Infiltrations of MHC-II DR/DQ decreased at 72 h after tick infestation, whereas significant increases were recorded for 8-day skin biopsies. CD1+cellular infiltrations were observed during secondary infestations at the dermis. Decreased ratios of CD4[ratio ]CD8 T cells and MHC-II[ratio ]CD1 antigen-presenting cells were observed in both infestations compared to healthy skin biopsies. Ratios of αβ[ratio ]γδ T cells increased gradually during infestation compared to uninfested skin. The regional lymph nodes from tick-infested sheep showed an increased CD8+, γδ+T and CD1+cellular infiltration compared to control lymph nodes. CD4+T cells were decreased. There were no significant changes in CD45R+cellular infiltration either at skin lesions or regional lymph nodes.

scholarly journals Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Rapidly Penetrates the Cervicovaginal Mucosa after Intravaginal Inoculation and Infects Intraepithelial Dendritic Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (13) ◽  
pp. 6087-6095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Hu ◽  
Murray B. Gardner ◽  
Christopher J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primate Lentiviruses ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

ABSTRACT Despite recent insights into mucosal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, the route used by primate lentiviruses to traverse the stratified squamous epithelium of mucosal surfaces remains undefined. To determine if dendritic cells (DC) are used by primate lentiviruses to traverse the epithelial barrier of the genital tract, rhesus macaques were intravaginally exposed to cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251. We examined formalin-fixed tissues and HLA-DR+-enriched cell suspensions to identify the cells containing SIV RNA in the genital tract and draining lymph nodes within the first 24 h of infection. Using SIV-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescent antibody labeling of lineage-specific cell markers, numerous SIV RNA+ DC were documented in cell suspensions from the vaginal epithelium 18 h after vaginal inoculation. In addition, we determined the minimum time that the SIV inoculum must remain in contact with the genital mucosa for the virus to move from the vaginal lumen into the mucosa. We now show that SIV enters the vaginal mucosa within 60 min of intravaginal exposure, infecting primarily intraepithelial DC and that SIV-infected cells are located in draining lymph nodes within 18 h of intravaginal SIV exposure. The speed with which primate lentiviruses penetrate mucosal surfaces, infect DC, and disseminate to draining lymph nodes poses a serious challenge to HIV vaccine development.

scholarly journals CCR7-dependent trafficking of RORγ+ ILCs creates a unique microenvironment within mucosal draining lymph nodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. Mackley ◽  
Stephanie Houston ◽  
Clare L. Marriott ◽  
Emily E. Halford ◽  
Beth Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Abstract Presentation of peptide:MHCII by RORγ-expressing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which are enriched within gut tissue, is required for control of CD4 T-cell responses to commensal bacteria. It is not known whether ILC populations migrate from their mucosal and peripheral sites to local draining secondary lymphoid tissues. Here we demonstrate that ILC3s reside within the interfollicular areas of mucosal draining lymph nodes, forming a distinct microenvironment not observed in peripheral lymph nodes. By photoconverting intestinal cells in Kaede mice we reveal constitutive trafficking of ILCs from the intestine to the draining mesenteric lymph nodes, which specifically for the LTi-like ILC3s was CCR7-dependent. Thus, ILC populations traffic to draining lymph nodes using different mechanisms.

Exogenous Small Ruminant Betaretrovirus Envelope Protein Is Detected in Draining Lymph Nodes in Contagious Respiratory Tumors of Sheep and Goats

2020 ◽  
pp. 030098582098071
Author(s):  
Marcelo De las Heras ◽  
Raúl Armando Reséndiz ◽  
José María González-Sáinz ◽  
Aurora Ortín
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Nasal Tumor ◽  
Nasal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes ◽  
Control Samples

Contagious respiratory tumors of sheep and goats are epithelial neoplasms of the lung and nasal cavities. They are associated with oncogenic betaretroviruses known as jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and enzootic nasal tumor retrovirus of sheep and goats. We investigated the presence of the envelope protein (ENV) of these retroviruses in retropharyngeal and mediastinal lymph nodes using a specific monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry methods, single-labeled or combined with ovine B or T lymphocytes or macrophage cell markers. Samples of lymph nodes, fixed in formalin and zinc fixative, were obtained from paraffin-embedded material. Four groups of samples were used: 24 natural cases of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), 13 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of sheep (ENAS), 19 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of goats (ENAG), and 14 control samples. ENV was detected by single labeling in cortical lymphoid follicles. Six of 24 OPA samples were positive and only in those from sheep with extensive neoplasia. Immunolabeling was detected in 5/13 ENAS and 10/19 ENAG samples. Positive labeling was found either in the intercellular spaces, membranes, or cytoplasm of cells in follicles. Control samples were not correspondingly labeled. Double immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-labeling of ENV and CD21 (B cells and follicular dendritic cells) in all samples, CD14 (macrophage) in OPA samples, and Pax-5 (B cells) in ENAG samples, but not with CD8 or CD4 (T lymphocytes). These results demonstrate the presence of betaretrovirus ENV proteins in nontumor cells in regional lymph nodes in sheep and goats with contagious respiratory tumors.

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