Theft, Opioid Pills, Unemployment, and Insurance: A Longitudinal Analysis of American Counties in the Wake of the Opioids Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262199869
Author(s):  
Leanne M. Confer ◽  
John H. Boman ◽  
Cori Pryor ◽  
Thomas J. Mowen ◽  
Paul Hemez
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Federal Bureau ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration ◽  
Unemployment And Health ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationships between prescription opioid pills, unemployment, health insurance, and theft. Covering the years 2006–2012, our data are an aggregate of information from the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the American Community Survey (ACS). The unit of analysis is time nested within counties. Preliminary results demonstrate that there were approximately 46 prescription opioid pills distributed per person annually in the United States between 2006 and 2012. Multivariate results reveal that counties with higher numbers of prescription opioid pills tend to experience significantly higher patterns of theft. Interestingly, health insurance is positively associated with theft while unemployment appears to protect against theft. The relationship between pills and theft is also conditioned by both unemployment and health insurance. Future research should explore these relationships to better inform efforts at making responsible social policy in the midst of the opioids crisis.

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Relationship Between Daily Social Media Usage and Affect

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 410-410
Author(s):  
Xin Yao Lin ◽  
Margie Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract Social media platforms allow people to connect and share content online (e.g., Facebook, Twitter). Although older adults are becoming more frequent users of social media, there continue to be mixed views on whether social media positively or negatively impacts well-being. Past studies have mainly focused on cross-sectional analyses for individual differences. However, both the time spent on social media and one’s affect can fluctuate on a daily basis. Thus, it is important to understand how the relationship between daily social media usage and affect varies within individuals from day to day. The current study adds to the literature by examining whether daily variations in time spent with social media are related to daily positive and negative affect and whether there are age differences in these relationships. The current study used an eight-day daily diary from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher dataset for 782 participants (ages 25-75). Multilevel modeling results revealed that age moderated the relationship between daily time spent on social media and negative affect: for younger adults, on days when they spent more time on social media, they had more negative affect. For older adults, on days when they spent more time on social media, they had less negative affect. Surprisingly, daily time spent on social media was not related to daily positive affect, nor did this relationship differ by age. Implications for future research are discussed with a focus on how social media usage can contribute to daily well-being for adults of different ages.

Insecurity, Unemployment, and Health: A Social Epidemiological Perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Bambra ◽  
Terje A. Eikemo
Keyword(s):  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Unemployment And Health ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter draws on research from social epidemiology to examine the relationships between insecurity, unemployment, and health. It outlines the rise of insecurity at work and provides a working definition. It then describes some of the key longitudinal studies that have described the relationship between job insecurity and health outcomes. The key explanations for this association are also explored. The chapter then summarizes the large literature on unemployment and health, examining mental health and suicide, mortality, self-reported health, and health behaviors. The chapter then examines international variations in the relationships between insecurity, unemployment, and health, with a particular focus on the role of welfare state policies and social safety nets. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the policy implications and highlighting key areas for future research.

14. Political Democracy and State Repression

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Davenport
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
State Repression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores the relationship between political democracy and state repression. Afer providing an overview of the democracy–repression link, it considers what research has been conducted on the topic and also what has been ignored. It uses the United States and its treatment of African Americans as an example of how existing research in this field should change, as well as to emphasize the importance of disaggregation (regarding institutions, actors, and actions). The chapter concludes by suggesting directions for future research. It argues that researchers need to improve the way in which they think about the relationship between democracy and repression, and that they need to modify how they gather information about democracy and repression.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Hispanic Paradox: The Mortality Experience of Mexican Immigrants in Traditional Gateways and New Destinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fenelon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
New Destinations ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research suggests that favorable health outcomes among Mexican immigrants reflect high levels of social support in enclave communities with high co-ethnic density. This study examines the mortality outcomes of Mexican immigrants in the United States in traditional gateways versus new and minor destinations. Mexican immigrants in new and minor destinations have a significant survival advantage over those in traditional gateways, reflecting less established communities in new destinations. This finding casts doubt on the protective effects of enclaves, since non-traditional destinations have less established immigrant communities. Future research should reevaluate the relationship between community ethnic composition, social support, and immigrant health.

scholarly journals Confidence in Understanding Health Insurance and Challenges Paying Medical Bills Among Men in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798832094335
Author(s):  
Caress A. Dean ◽  
Jacqueline Wiltshire ◽  
Echu Liu ◽  
M. Ahinee Amamoo ◽  
Edlin Garcia Colato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Medical Bills ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Although the number of men with health insurance has increased, men are less likely to utilize health services than females, and experience difficulty in paying medical bills. Understanding the details of health insurance can be challenging and the lack of understanding can have financial consequences. This study, guided by Andersen’s model of health-care utilization, assessed the relationship between confidence level in understanding health insurance terms and difficulty in paying medical bills among American men. Data were drawn from the Health Reform Monitoring Survey, 2015–2016. The study included 6,643 men aged between 18 and 64. Descriptive statistics examined participants’ difficulty in paying medical bills by predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics, and by confidence in understanding health insurance terms. A modified Poisson regression analysis examined the association between difficulty in paying medical bills, confidence in understanding health insurance terms score, and predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics. An increase in confidence in understanding health insurance terms score was associated with significantly lower reported difficulty in paying medical bills (PR = .98; 95% CI = [.97–.99]; p = .002). Participants with a college degree or higher were less likely to report difficulty in paying their medical bills compared to participants with less than a high school degree (PR = .72; 95% CI = [.56–.92]; p = .009). A better understanding of health insurance might prevent men from experiencing difficulties in paying medical bills. Additional research should be performed to understand the relationship between the level of confidence in understanding health insurance, knowledge level of health insurance terms, use of health insurance, and their impact on difficulty in paying medical bills.

A kind of Religious Coping: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Consolation in the Lutheran Tradition

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Community Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Event Reporting ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Relationship

Building on the theoretical research of community psychology and cultural psychology, I focus in this paper on these two questions: What kind of religious coping is practiced by some members of the Lutheran tradition? What does an understanding of the relationship between the tradition and religious coping of these members indicate that may be distinctive or unexpected about their religious coping? I do this by: reviewing the background of my research in community psychology, cultural psychology, and tradition-specific research on religious coping – particularly in the United States; outlining a method for a qualitative study of nine Lutheran co-researchers in the United States who had experienced a significant negative event; reporting some of the results of that study; using the results of the study to discuss the two questions above; concluding with some suggestions for future research of the specific religious traditions in which religious coping phenomena may occur, and of the phenomena of religious coping in specific religious traditions.

Posttraumatic Growth as a Mediator of Self-Blame and Happiness in the Context of Interpersonal Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Moschella ◽  
Sidney Turner ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) occur at alarming rates in the United States. Prior research indicates that victims of traumatic events frequently experience both positive and negative changes as part of their recovery process. The present study aimed to further existing research by examining the relationship between self-blame, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and happiness when controlling for posttraumatic stress and time since victimization. The current study analyzed 357 women who had experienced at least one incident of SA or IPV. We found that PTG partially mediated the relationship between self-blame and happiness, suggesting that PTG only somewhat explains the impact of self-blame on victim happiness. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

The Long Shadow of Prohibition

2020 ◽  
pp. 480-502
Author(s):  
Scott C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Federal Bureau ◽  
Drug Legislation ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration

This chapter examines the legacy of Prohibition and prohibitory policies for twentieth-century U.S. alcohol and drug policy. It traces twentieth-century alcohol and drug policy from nineteenth-century antecedents through the Harrison Act, National Prohibition, the Marijuana Tax Act, the Boggs Act, and the regulatory regime established during the War on Drugs in the closing decades of the century. The chapter demonstrates how federal agencies tasked with enforcing drug legislation, notably the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and the Drug Enforcement Administration, both emerged from and furthered prohibitory policies. It concludes that alternatives to the current War on Drugs, such as decriminalization or legalization, have been hampered by the historic investment in prohibitory policies.

Intervening processes in the relationship between unemployment and health

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
J. Blake Turner ◽  
James S. House
Keyword(s):  
Job Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unemployment And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisA considerable amount of research documents the negative effects of job loss on both physical and mental health. Yet we know comparatively little about the mechanisms through which these effects occur. Unemployment, like other events, is not the same experience for everyone exposed to it. An understanding of this variation might be facilitated by breaking down the analysis of unemployment into a consideration of the various stresses that it creates or exacerbates. This is our purpose in the present paper.We demonstrate that, for one area of the United States, the effect of job loss on several health outcomes involves two mechanisms: (1) unemployment results in increased financial strain which, in turn, results in negative health effects, and (2) unemployment leaves the individual more vulnerable to the impact of unrelated life events. Controlling for financial strain, unemployed people in our sample who have not experienced an additional life event in the previous year are in no worse health than the stably employed. This provides useful insights into the nature of the unemployment experience in this particular setting. It also provides a basis for future detailed explorations of the various ways people cope with this event.

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