Mothers’ Out-of-Sequence Postsecondary Education and Their Health and Health Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652097966
Author(s):  
Jennifer March Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Life Course Framework ◽  
Education Gap ◽  
Health Returns ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
The Life Course

Ample research suggests that the links between higher education and heath are robust and growing in strength. This research, however, tends to assume education was completed prior to assuming other adult roles. Importantly, the life course framework raises the question of whether “out-of-sequence” college completion conveys similar health returns. I investigate this question among a population for whom out-of-sequence schooling has grown more common: lower-educated mothers. This focus is also important given the growing education gap in women’s health and the links between maternal and child health. Data come from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,898). Analyses involve random intercept and fixed effects models and diverse health measures. Findings suggest that postsecondary education does not improve mother’s health, except for reduced smoking among mothers with high school degrees or less that earned bachelor’s degrees. These findings inform health policy debates and theories linking education to health.

scholarly journals From Cannabis to Problem Drinking? Use and Abuse from Youth to Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Hyggen ◽  
Torild Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Total N ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

AbstractAIMS – The transition from youth to adulthood is associated with changes in the consumption of drugs and alcohol. The aim is to explore the process of “maturing out” of high levels of alcohol consumption, substance use and alcohol related problems from youth to adulthood. We are particularly interested in the relationship between the use of cannabis and alcohol consumption in relation to indicators of adult roles and responsibilities and alcohol-related problems over the life-course. METHODS – We used data from the longitudinal panel survey Arbeid, Livsstil og Helse (ALH). The data contains information on alcohol and drug consumption, alcohol related problems and a range of indicators of adulthood like marriage and parenthood from surveys repeated in 1985, 1987, 1989, 1993, 2003 and 2010. The sample was nationally representative for the cohorts born 1965–1968 and thus contains individual histories from youth (17–20 years) to adulthood (42–45 years) with response rates ranging from 80% in 1985 to 53% in 2010 (total n=1997). RESULTS – Alcohol consumption is found to be substantially higher among users of cannabis than among non-users throughout the period from youth to adulthood. The use of cannabis, the level of alcohol consumption and probability of experiencing alcohol related problems decrease as the cohorts grow older. Alcohol related problems are still associated with the level of involvement with cannabis: those with a current or previous involvement with cannabis report more alcohol related problems. Taking into account the decreasing trend of alcohol related problems with age we find that becoming a parent and/ or getting married reduces the risk of experiencing such problems.

scholarly journals Beyond Net Worth: Racial Differences in Wealth Portfolios and Black–White Health Inequality across the Life Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Boen ◽  
Lisa Keister ◽  
Brian Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Health Returns ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Multiple Health

A large body of research links wealth and health, but most previous work focuses on net worth. However, the assets and debts that comprise wealth likely relate to health in different and meaningful ways. Furthermore, racial differences in wealth portfolios may contribute to racial health gaps. Using longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and mixed effects growth curve models, we examined the associations between various wealth components and multiple health outcomes. We also investigated whether black–white differences in wealth portfolios contributed to racial health inequality. We found that savings, stock ownership, and homeownership consistently improve health, but debt is associated with worse health, even after adjusting for total net worth. We found little evidence that home equity is associated with health. Findings also revealed differential health returns to assets by race. These findings provide new insights into the complex relationship among race, wealth, and health.

scholarly journals THE POWER OF LOOKING AHEAD? A FIXED-EFFECTS MODEL OF FUTURE ASPIRATIONS OVER THE LIFE COURSE AND INCOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S6-S6
Author(s):  
Ioana Sendroiu ◽  
Laura Upenieks
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Perceived life trajectories are rooted in structural systems of advantage and disadvantage, but individuals also shape their futures through setting goals and expectations. “Future aspirations” have typically been used in life course research to refer to one’s conception of their chances of success across life domains and can serve as a resource to help individuals persevere in the face of hardship. Taking a life course approach and using three waves of data from the MIDUS study, we utilize hybrid fixed effects models to assess the relationship between future aspirations and income. We find that, net of age, health, and a host of other time-varying factors, more positive future aspirations are indeed related to higher income over time, but that this relationship takes different shapes in different contexts. In particular, in lower quality neighborhoods, higher future aspirations lead to worse economic outcomes over the life course, while in higher quality neighborhoods, higher aspirations are indeed related to higher incomes. We thus argue that aspirations are only helpful in some contexts, and are inherently contextual not just in their sources but also in their effects.

scholarly journals What Protects Those at High Risk from Criminal Justice Contact Despite the Odds? A Negative Case Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Eggleston Doherty ◽  
Bianca E Bersani
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
Life Course Framework ◽  
Criminal Justice Contact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Criminal justice contact is a prevalent, if not expected, life event for many high-risk individuals with deleterious consequences; yet, many individuals at high risk are able to avoid this contact (i.e. negative cases exist). In this study, we draw on the life course framework and utilize negative case analysis to (1) estimate the prevalence of criminal justice avoidance within a sample of structurally high-risk Black men and (2) explore the individual, familial and contextual factors in childhood and adolescence that distinguish these negative cases. One’s own ‘on-time’ and one’s siblings’ education emerge as particularly strong protective factors suggesting that the presence of unique protection, as opposed to the absence of risk, may be most salient. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Dental Caries Experience: A Two-generation Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bedos ◽  
J.-M. Brodeur ◽  
S. Arpin ◽  
B. Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Life Course Framework ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Children’S Oral Health ◽  
Oral Health Related Behaviors

The life-course framework stresses the importance of social, psychosocial, and biological factors in early life on the development of later disease. From this perspective, the association between edentulousness of mothers and their children’s caries risk has not been studied. Therefore, a sample of 6303 mother-child pairs was randomly selected in Quebec (Canada). Mothers (6039 dentate and 264 edentulous) completed a self-administered questionnaire, and their children, aged 5 to 9 years, were clinically examined. Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions showed that edentulous mothers’ children are more likely to experience caries on both primary [OR = 1.7 (1.3–2.3)] and permanent [OR = 1.4 (1.0–2.0)] dentitions when compared with dentate mothers’ children. These results are independent of socio-economic status, age, gender, and children’s oral-health-related behaviors. Our study is the first to show that edentulous mothers’ children constitute a group at risk of caries. It also highlights the need for a better understanding of the mother-child transmission of risk.

scholarly journals Social Comparisons and Satisfaction with Work

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Halliday Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Life Course

Two social psychological theories, relative deprivation theory and multiple discrepancies theory, suggest that individuals’ wellbeing depends, in part, on how they compare themselves to others or previously established standards. The current study uses 24 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (N=9,813) and employs random- and fixed-effects models to examine whether job satisfaction is a function of four social comparisons: 1) the gap between occupational aspirations in adolescence and attainment, 2) the gap between parents’ occupational attainment and respondent’s occupational attainment, 3) the gap between siblings’ occupational attainment and respondent’s occupational attainment, and 4) the gap between predicted occupational attainment and actual occupational attainment. Findings reveal job satisfaction is negatively associated with falling short of one’s aspirations and falling short of one’s predicted occupational attainment. Exceeding one’s parents’ attainment is associated with higher odds of job satisfaction. However, associations between relative deprivation (or relative gain) and job satisfaction fades with age; young people’s satisfaction with their jobs may be swayed to a greater degree by social comparisons than older adults’ satisfaction. These findings make a unique contribution to the relative deprivation and multiple discrepancies theories, our understanding of wellbeing in relation to work, and variation over the life course.

Measuring the Effect of Neighborhood Racial Segregation on Fetal Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110370
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Kehm ◽  
Dawn P. Misra ◽  
Jaime C. Slaughter-Acey ◽  
Theresa L. Osypuk
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Environment Study ◽  
Life Course Framework ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Composition Factors

Prior studies of neighborhood racial segregation and intrauterine growth have not accounted for confounding factors in early life. We used the Life-Course Influences on Fetal Environment Study of births to Black women in metropolitan Detroit, 2009–2011, ( N = 1,408) to examine whether health and social conditions in childhood and adulthood confound or modify the association of neighborhood segregation (addresses during pregnancy geocoded to census tract racial composition) and gestational age-adjusted birthweight. Before adjusting for covariates, women living in a predominantly (≥75%) Black neighborhood gave birth to 47.3 grams (95% CI: –99.0, 4.4) lighter infants, on average, compared with women living in <75% Black neighborhoods. This association was confounded by adulthood (age at delivery, parity, neighborhood deprivation) and childhood (parental education, neighborhood racial composition) factors and modified by adulthood socioeconomic position. These findings underscore the complex relationship between neighborhood racial segregation and birth outcomes, which would be enhanced through a life course framework.

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