How Does Spiritual Intelligence Relate to Mental Health in a Western Sample?

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Giannone ◽  
Daniel Kaplin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cast Doubt

This study investigates a recently developed model of spiritual intelligence in relation to the common mental health concerns of depression, anxiety, and substance use. Three-hundred and fifty-three undergraduate psychology students responded to the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Drug, Alcohol, and Nicotine scale. We hypothesized spiritual intelligence would be negatively associated with the study’s mental health outcomes. A secondary aim was to examine the contributions of spiritual intelligence model components to mental health. Overall spiritual intelligence was not associated with anxiety, depression, or substance use. Examination of the relationships between spiritual intelligence components and mental health suggested this model lacks cohesiveness in relation to mental health. While the capacity to critically examine existential issues was associated with increased depression and anxiety, the ability to draw meaning and purpose from experience was associated with improvements in all mental health outcomes. These findings cast doubt on the construct of spiritual intelligence and suggest that existential thinking and the production of meaning may be closely related to mental health. Future research should explore differences in spiritual intelligence components and their associations with mental health among varying religious affiliations.

scholarly journals Feasibility of "CopeSmart": A Telemental Health App for Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Kenny ◽  
Barbara Dooley ◽  
Amanda Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Telemental Health ◽  
Self Monitoring

Background Early intervention is important in order to improve mental health outcomes for young people. Given the recent rise in mobile phone ownership among adolescents, an innovative means of delivering such intervention is through the use of mobile phone applications (apps). Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of “CopeSmart”, a telemental health app developed to foster positive mental health in adolescents through emotional self-monitoring and the promotion of positive coping strategies. Methods Forty-three adolescents (88% female) aged 15-17 years downloaded the app and used it over a one-week period. They then completed self-report questionnaires containing both open-ended and closed-ended questions about their experiences of using the app. The app itself captured data related to user engagement. Results On average participants engaged with the app on 4 of the 7 days within the intervention period. Feedback from users was reasonably positive, with 70% of participants reporting that they would use the app again and 70% reporting that they would recommend it to a friend. Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified themes pertaining to users’ experiences of the app, which were both positive (eg, easy to use, attractive layout, emotional self-monitoring, helpful information, notifications, unique) and negative (eg, content issues, did not make user feel better, mood rating issues, password entry, interface issues, engagement issues, technical fixes). Conclusions Overall findings suggest that telemental health apps have potential as a feasible medium for promoting positive mental health, with the majority of young people identifying such technologies as at least somewhat useful and displaying a moderate level of engagement with them. Future research should aim to evaluate the efficacy of such technologies as tools for improving mental health outcomes in young people.

scholarly journals DRIVING CESSATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH POORER MENTAL HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S343-S343
Author(s):  
Arne Stinchcombe ◽  
Carlina Marchese ◽  
Shauna Fossum ◽  
Sylvain Gagnon ◽  
Gary Naglie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Driving Cessation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) is a longitudinal health study that will follow individuals aged 45 to 85 for 20 years. At baseline, participants completed measures related to driving status and mental health outcomes (e.g., Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D). In this study we examined the associations between driving status and mental health outcomes. In the baseline sample, 1,415 participants reported being former drivers and 44,694 reported being current drivers. A greater proportion of former drivers were female, older, and urban-dwelling. Compared to current drivers, former drivers had lower levels of social support, poorer self-rated physical health, and less community participation. After controlling for these covariates as well as age and sex, former drivers had greater odds than current drivers of being classified as depressed (OR=2.48, 95% CI=2.21-2.79), and of reporting psychological distress (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.87-2.62). Using data from former drivers only, we also examined associations between variables that contributed to driving cessation and depression symptoms. Former drivers had greater odds of being depressed if they reported feeling nervous or intimidated behind the wheel (OR=1.77, 95% CI= 1.11 - 2.80), or if they experienced difficulties with the licensing process (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.07 - 2.54), before they stopped driving. As a next step we will search for factors that may modify the relationship between driving status and mental health. The identification of factors that modify the impact of driving cessation on mental health is critical to the development of interventions that will support smoother transitions to non-driving.

scholarly journals Correlates of grief-related disorders and mental health outcomes among adult refugees exposed to trauma and bereavement: A systematic review and future research directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille Kossigan Kokou-Kpolou ◽  
Charlemagne Simplice Moukouta ◽  
Joanic Masson ◽  
Amal Bernoussi ◽  
Jude Mary Cénat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Predictors of Interest in Participation in an Animal-Assisted Activity Program among Elderly Citizens

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriel J. Strickland ◽  
Stacie Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
And Gender

Animal-Assisted Activity Programs have been shown to improve physiological and mental health outcomes among program participants. The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of gender, depression, and companion animal attitudes as predictors of interest in participation in an animal-assisted activity program. The participants were 62 residents (average age 82 years) at assisted-living centers who responded to survey measures including the Pet Attitude Scale (pas), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (ces-d), and a newly developed scale to measure interest in an animal assisted activity program. Pet attitudes and gender significantly predicted willingness to participate in the program. These results provide a contribution to the literature, which has not yet documented predictors of interest in participation in such a program among elderly citizens.

scholarly journals A prospective study of the substance use and mental health outcomes of young adult former and current cannabis users

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Silins ◽  
Wendy Swift ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Barbara Toson ◽  
Bryan Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
A Prospective Study

scholarly journals The association between sedentary behaviour and indicators of stress: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Teychenne ◽  
Lena D Stephens ◽  
Sarah A Costigan ◽  
Dana Lee Olstad ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Best Evidence Synthesis

Abstract Background: Emerging evidence shows sedentary behaviour may be associated with mental health outcomes. Yet, the strength of the evidence linking sedentary behaviour and stress is still unclear. This study aimed to synthesise evidence regarding associations between time spent in sedentary behaviour and stress in adults. Methods: A systematic search was conducted (January 1990 – September 2019). Following PRISMA guidelines, an evaluation of methodological quality, and best-evidence synthesis of associations between time in sedentary behaviour (including sitting time, TV viewing, computer use) and stress were presented. Twenty-six studies reporting on data from n=72,795 people (age 18-98y, 62.7% women) were included. Results: Across the studies (n=2 strong-, n=10 moderate- and n=14 weak-quality), there was insufficient evidence that overall time spent in sedentary behaviour and sitting time were associated with stress, particularly when using self-report measures of sedentary behaviour or stress. There was strong evidence of no association between TV viewing, or computer use and stress. Amongst studies using objective measures of sedentary behaviour and/or stress there was also strong evidence of no association. Conclusion: Although previous research suggested sedentary behaviour may be linked to mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety, the evidence for an association between various types of sedentary behaviour and stress is limited in quality, and associations are either inconsistent or null. High-quality longitudinal/interventional research is required to confirm findings and determine the direction of associations between different contexts (i.e. purpose) and domains (i.e. leisure, occupational, transport) of sedentary behaviour and stress. Keywords: sedentary behaviour; sitting time; television viewing; stress; mental health; adults

scholarly journals Understanding Neighborhoods’ Impact on Youth Substance Use and Mental Health Outcomes in Paterson, New Jersey: Protocol for a Community-Based Participatory Research Study

10.2196/29427 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e29427
Author(s):  
Ijeoma Opara ◽  
Noelle R Leonard ◽  
Daneele Thorpe ◽  
Trace Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Based

Background Substance use among youth is a major public health concern. Of note, substance use among youth is increasing in prevalence, and the incidence of substance use at earlier ages is rising. Given the long-term consequences of early substance use, it is important to identify factors that increase youth vulnerability to drug use, as they may be important targets for future interventions. Objective This study aims to use innovative methods, such as venue-based sampling, to recruit youth who are disconnected from school and use community-based participatory research to gain a better understanding of the prevalence of substance use and important correlates among youth aged between 13 and 21 years in Paterson, New Jersey, a low-income, urban community. The study will use a convergent, mixed methods design involving multiple data collection components and the analysis of a ministrative data source, designed with the strengths of complex intervention frameworks in mind. The overall aims of the study are to identify the prevalence of substance use among youth who are engaged in school and not engaged in school; to understand important antecedents and correlates of substance use; and to use this information to inform social, environmental, and culturally appropriate interventions to address substance use and its correlates among youths in a lower-resourced urban community. Methods This study will use both qualitative and quantitative methods to address important questions. Specifically, semistructured interviews using focus group and interview methodologies will be used to assess youths’ lived experiences and will account for specific details that quantitative methods may not be able to attain. In addition, quantitative methods will be used to examine direct and multilevel associations between neighborhood factors and youth substance use and mental health outcomes. Results A previous analysis from a substance use initiative in Paterson, New Jersey found that youth who use substances such as marijuana and alcohol are more likely to have higher rates of depression and anxiety. On the basis of the research questions, this study will examine the association between neighborhood characteristics, substance use, and mental health symptoms among youth in Paterson by using quantitative and qualitative methods and will use these findings to inform the adaptation of a community- and evidence-based substance use prevention intervention for these youths. Conclusions The findings of this study will provide an important contribution to understanding the role of socioecological factors in predicting substance use and mental health outcomes among youth in a lower-resourced, urban community. Furthermore, these findings will serve as evidence for the development of a culturally informed, community-based prevention program to address substance use disparities for youth, including those who are truant in Paterson, New Jersey. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/29427

An analysis of within-subject and population level risk related to substance use and mental health outcomes among adolescents in the PATH study

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 108385
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Jacob T. Borodovsky ◽  
Erin M. Kasson ◽  
Andrea Fentem ◽  
Patricia A. Cavazos-Rehg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes

Mental Health of Employees at a Canadian Animal Welfare Organization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dunn ◽  
Colleen Best ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
Andria Jones-Bitton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale

AbstractDespite numerous benefits, a dark side exists in human and veterinary caregiving professions that can negatively impact caregiver mental health. It was postulated that other nonhuman animal caregivers, animal welfare employees, might experience mental health outcomes similar to those in analogous caregiving occupations. This study investigated employee mental health at a Canadian animal welfare organization using five validated mental health instruments: Perceived Stress Scale (stress), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety and depression), Professional Quality of Life Scale (compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue), Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale (burnout), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (resilience). Front-line and support staff tended to have poorer mental health outcomes relative to the study population mean, potential for burnout was a notable concern, and resilience was below normal for most employees. These results shed light on the mental health of an animal caregiving occupation that has largely been ignored. Strategies for building employee resilience are discussed.

scholarly journals The Spiritual Self: Toward a Conceptualization of Spiritual Identity Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin B. Poll ◽  
Timothy B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
William James ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Spiritual Identity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Tentative Model ◽  
Spiritual Self

Both researchers and practitioners have demonstrated considerable interest in identity development, and positive personal identities have been associated with numerous positive mental health outcomes. However, major theories of identity development have neglected the salience of spiritual identity, even though the early work of William James placed this as a central component of personality. This article reviews four major theories of identity development (cognitive, psychodynamic, systems, and narrative) and suggests spiritual identity parallels to these theories. A tentative model of spiritual identity development is presented. Implications for therapy and future research concerning spiritual identity development are discussed.

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