Immigration and Production Line Margins in the 1950s Vehicle Building Industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Robert Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Mass Recruitment ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Exerted Pressure

In the 1950s, the Australian automotive industry exerted pressure on the Common wealth government to import southern European labour on a mass scale. The employers' aim was to overcome severe labour shortages on the production lines, particularly in the areas where Australian-born and non-Mediterranean immi grant men were generally reluctant to work. Prior to and during the early part of this decade, the Vehicle Builders Employees Federation (since January 1993 the Automotive section of the Automotive, Metal and Engineering Union) were exploit ing the labour shortages in the industry to strengthen their claim for the introduc tion of a uniform, semi-skilled, second-class tradesmen's margin for production line workers. Two major car makers were already paying this semi-skilled wage to line workers. The mass recruitment of southern European labour by the vehicle building industry was one of the factors undermining the production line workers' claim for this semi-skilled margin. The other important factors were Commissioner Galvin's rigid views about the marginal rates and comparative wage justice and the Vehicle Builders Employees Federation's organizational weakness and remote ness from its members.

scholarly journals Estimating net ideal cycle time for body-in-white production lines

ORiON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem C. Grobler ◽  
Dirk J. Kotze ◽  
Johan W. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Current Estimation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Body In White ◽  
State Of Practice ◽  
Line Design

In the automotive industry, a Body in White (BIW) refers to the first step, the basic structure, in the production of a vehicle. Once a BIW production line has been built, the (maximum) capacity is fixed and throughput is therefore limited by the equipment specified during the design phase. The main metric used to inform the production line design is the Net Ideal Cycle Time (NICT). Unfortunately, the state of practice to estimate the NICT is a basic heuristic that does not account for production variation. In this paper, we challenge the current estimation approach by proposing an alternative that assumes actual production to follow a Weibull distribution. The proposed model is derived and estimated from empirical data. The results suggest that BIW production lines have traditionally been designed with too low a capacity, resulting in planned throughput rarely being achieved. On the other hand, increasing the design capacity implies a higher initial investment. In this paper it is demonstrated that the higher investment required is offset by reduced losses, resulting in more reliable planning and returns.

Causality Then and Now

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Karen Harding
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

Ate appearances deceiving? Do objects behave the way they do becauseGod wills it? Ate objects impetmanent and do they only exist becausethey ate continuously created by God? According to a1 Ghazlli, theanswers to all of these questions ate yes. Objects that appear to bepermanent are not. Those relationships commonly tefemed to as causalare a result of God’s habits rather than because one event inevitably leadsto another. God creates everything in the universe continuously; if Heceased to create it, it would no longer exist.These ideas seem oddly naive and unscientific to people living in thetwentieth century. They seem at odds with the common conception of thephysical world. Common sense says that the universe is made of tealobjects that persist in time. Furthermore, the behavior of these objects isreasonable, logical, and predictable. The belief that the univetse is understandablevia logic and reason harkens back to Newton’s mechanical viewof the universe and has provided one of the basic underpinnings ofscience for centuries. Although most people believe that the world is accutatelydescribed by this sort of mechanical model, the appropriatenessof such a model has been called into question by recent scientificadvances, and in particular, by quantum theory. This theory implies thatthe physical world is actually very different from what a mechanicalmodel would predit.Quantum theory seeks to explain the nature of physical entities andthe way that they interact. It atose in the early part of the twentieth centuryin response to new scientific data that could not be incorporated successfullyinto the ptevailing mechanical view of the universe. Due largely ...

Tackling Means for Balancing the Production Lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 4620-4628
Author(s):  
Olga Ioana Amariei ◽  
Codruţa Oana Hamat ◽  
Liviu Coman ◽  
Cristian Fănică ◽  
Cristian Rudolf
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Computer Method ◽  
Basic Method ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Heuristic Techniques ◽  
Human Operators

Balancing a production line means to organize the activity of the human operators, to establish the production flux and designing the line, minimizing the idle time for the machines and the operators, through an optimal charge bestowed upon them. WinQSB software offers three methods of solving this type of problem, namely: heuristic techniques (a basic method is specified and an alternative one from all the available ones), Optimizing Best Bud Search and Computer Method of Sequencing Operations for Assembly Lines, presented all in the present paper.

Intermedia – (Not Only) The Visual in the Hypertext of Contemporary Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Mladenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 1950S

The article presents some historical and theoretical aspects defining intermedia as an aesthetic, cultural and social phenomenon. Its appearance in the 1950s and 1960s was triggered by the changed attitude towards art in the conditions of growing technology in society and the blurring of boundaries between different arts. The concept of intermedia is created by a group of artists who unite under the common name Fluxus, meaning „ flow of life“. Group Manifesto – Dick Higgins, composer, poet, publisher - formulates intermedia as a merger into a „ flow“ of different ways of artistic expression and means of communication. The most important distinctive features of intermedia – accessibility, non-commerciality, freedom, social engagement, compliance of modern lifestyle and the new media in it are traced. It explains the role of this aesthetic practice as an instrument in creating the hypertext of contemporary art.

scholarly journals Study on process of chemical fiber filament automatic doffing system based on simulation platform and machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110548
Author(s):  
Hongxin Zhu ◽  
Kun Zou ◽  
Wenlan Bao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Chemical Fiber ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, a large number of automatic equipment has been introduced into the chemical fiber filament doffing production line, but the related research on the fully automatic production line technology is not yet mature. At present, it is difficult to collect data due to test costs and confidentiality. This paper proposes to develop a simulation platform for a chemical fiber filament doffing production line, which enables us to effectively obtain data and quantitatively study the relationship between the number of manual interventions and other process parameters of the production line. Considering that the parameter research is a multi-factor problem, an orthogonal test was designed by using SPSS software and was carried out by using a simulation platform. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and the neural network optimized by genetic algorithm were adopted to fit the relationship between the number of manual interventions and other parameters of the production line. The SPSS software was applied to obtain the standardized coefficients of the multiple linear regression fitting and the neural network mean impact value (MIV) algorithm was applied to obtain the magnitude and direction of the impact of different parameters on the number of manual interventions. The above results provide important reference for the design of similar new production lines and for the improvement of old production lines.

Integrating Modular Units into the Production Line and MRO in Career Apparel Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 397-400 ◽  
pp. 2549-2552
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Yang ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Zhi Chao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Modular Units ◽  
Study Techniques

A production line and its MRO for career apparel industry is studied. Some modular units well organized by the department of equipment are integrated into the production line, and the bottleneck tasks are adjusted by means of operations study techniques. The line is balanced by the lines balancing technology. A hybrid layout mode with production lines and modular units is given to provide efficient preparations of equipment and tools and easy maintenance plans.

Haemolymph protein metabolism during the fifth instar of Locusta

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Tobe ◽  
B. G. Loughton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Common

Selected blood proteins were studied during the fifth instar of Locusta by means of acrylamide 'disc electrophoresis' after injection of 3H-labeled blood proteins or 3H-leucine. Label was found to accumulate in the "common protein" fraction in the middle of the instar after injection of labeled blood protein. The specific activity of the other blood proteins studied followed the pattern predicted by their concentration changes. The specific activity of blood proteins after injection of 3H-leucine was generally high during the early part of the instar and fell after 152 h. Most activity was found in the "common protein." A program of protein metabolism for the fifth-instar locust is suggested on the basis of these and earlier results.

Factors responsible for a karyotypic polymorphism in the common shrew, Sorex araneus

1986 ◽  
Vol 229 (1256) ◽  
pp. 277-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Common Shrew ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Shrew Sorex Araneus ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Monobrachial Homology

A Robertsonian karyotypic polymorphism in the common shrew in the Oxford area, first described in the 1950s, was re-examined. The polymorphism involves chromosome arm combinations no and pr (characteristic of the Oxford karyotypic race), ko (characteristic of the Hermitage karyotypic race) and jl (found in both races). The poly- morphism for jl was sporadic along a north-south transect through the Oxford area, with the frequency of the twin-acrocentric morph never exceeding 10%. The frequency of the Oxford race-specific metacentrics decreased and the frequency of the Hermitage race-specific metacentric ko increased from north to south along the transect. At a latitudinal grid reference of about 180 km, there was a high frequency of individuals with chromosome arms k, n, o and q in the ancestral acrocentric state. This was coincident with the area of occurrence of ko-kq and ko-no OxfordHermitage hybrids. Such hybrids are double Robertsonian heterozygotes with monobrachial homology and are likely to suffer reduced fertility in consequence. It is proposed that this is a source of selection against the monobrachial hybrids and hence results in an increase in frequency of the acrocentric morphs. This scheme goes some way to explain the dines of polymorphism for arm combinations kq, and ko, but it is suggested that other selective factors are involved. It cannot explain the cline of polymorphism for pr, which is in general terms similar to that for kq and no, but is more shallow and centred further north.

scholarly journals The use of the SMED method in improvement of production enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Joanna Stuglik ◽  
Zofia Gródek-Szostak ◽  
Danuta Kajrunajtys
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Carbonated Drinks ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
Production Company

The aim of the paper is to present the results of introducing the SMED method on one of the production lines in a selected production company. For the purposes of this study, a single bottling line for filling 200 ml and 250 ml glass bottles with carbonated drinks was selected. Upon analyzing the process of mixer washing in terms of time, it was shown that in individual steps, the total single washing time was 5 hours 3 minutes on average, which accounted for about 19% of the total retooling of the production line. However, after using the SMED method, this process has taken 3 hours 50 minutes. Thus, a saving of 1 hour 13 minutes was obtained after shortening the retooling, which allowed to extend the production process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document