Parenting as a Protective Factor against Criminogenic Settings? Interaction Effects between Three Aspects of Parenting and Unstructured Socializing in Disordered Areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen J. Janssen ◽  
Frank M. Weerman ◽  
Veroni I. Eichelsheim
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Adolescent Relationship ◽  
Unstructured Socializing

Objectives: We examined the extent to which different aspects of parenting are able to moderate the association between spending time unstructured socializing (US) in urban areas with high disorder and adolescent delinquency. Methods: We used detailed data on time use, disorder in neighborhoods, parenting, and delinquency among 603 adolescents (aged 11–17 at T1) from the study of peers, activities, and neighborhoods, a two-wave longitudinal study with an interval of two years between measurements. Longitudinal multilevel analyses were used to examine interactions effects between parenting aspects and mean differences as well as individual changes in time spent unstructured socializing in areas with high disorder. Results: We did not find between-person level interaction effects between parenting and time spent in criminogenic settings. Our cross-level analyses, however, indicated that levels of parental monitoring as well as the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship mitigated the effects of changes in time spent in criminogenic settings. Conclusions: Whether increases in time spent in criminogenic settings are related to increases in delinquency seems to be conditional on the level of parental monitoring and the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship. If these aspects of parenting are sufficient, changes in time spent in criminogenic settings are not necessarily detrimental.

scholarly journals Teacher-Student Relationships in Childhood as a Protective Factor against Adolescent Delinquency up to Age 17: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110141
Author(s):  
Ingrid Obsuth ◽  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Monja Knoll ◽  
Denis Ribeaud ◽  
Manuel Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Student Relationships ◽  
Teacher Student Relationships ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we examined the impact of the quality of teacher-student relationships at age 10 on young people’s delinquency at ages 13, 15, and 17 utilizing propensity-score matching. The young people were matched based on 105 characteristics, measured at ages 7 to 10. The sample comprised 1483 (49.4% female) adolescents representing around 80 different countries of origin, residing in Zurich, Switzerland. We found that young people who reported a better relationship with their teacher at age 10, engaged in fewer delinquent acts at ages 13, 15, and 17. These findings suggest that when young people perceive a better relationship with their teachers this serves as a protective factor against their engagement in delinquency up to 7 years later.

scholarly journals Evaluating the pattern of residential quality in Nigeria: The case of Osogbo township

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jiboye
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Residential Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Housing Units

One of the major challenges of housing in Nigeria is how to address existing variations in the pattern of residential quality across different urban areas. Through a survey of 406 housing units selected from three residential areas in Osogbo Township in Nigeria, this study examines and compares the pattern of housing quality. Using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), where; F =24.786 and P = 0.00 - significant at 0.05, the study shows that residential quality varies in pattern from one area to another. By comparing the mean differences among the zones, Zones C and A had 6.84, while C and B had 5.298. These values indicate that residential quality of "Zone C" is better relative to those of Zones "B' and "A" in Osogbo. The study concludes that appropriate policy and strategies should be put in place to improve housing quality within different residential areas in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Use of automatic radiosonde launchers to measure temperature and humidity profiles from the GRUAN perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Madonna ◽  
Rigel Kivi ◽  
Jean-Charles Dupont ◽  
Bruce Ingleby ◽  
Masatomo Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Humidity Profiles

Abstract. In the last two decades, technological progress has not only seen improvements to the quality of atmospheric upper-air observations, but also provided the opportunity to design and implement automated systems able to replace measurement procedures typically performed manually. Radiosoundings, which remain one of the primary data sources for weather and climate applications, are still largely performed around the world manually, although increasingly fully automated upper-air observations are used, from urban areas to the remotest locations, which minimise operating costs and challenges in performing radiosounding launches. This analysis presents a first step to demonstrating the reliability of the Automatic Radiosonde Launchers (ARLs) provided by Vaisala, Meteomodem and Meisei. The metadata and datasets collected by a few existing ARLs operated by GRUAN certified or candidate sites (Sondakyla, Payerne, Trappes, Potenza) have been investigated and a comparative analysis of the technical performance (i.e. manual vs ARL) is reported. The performance of ARLs is evaluated as being similar or superior to those achieved with the traditional manual launches in terms of percentage of successful launches, balloon burst and ascent speed. For both temperature and relative humidity, the ground check comparisons showed a negative bias of a few tenths of a degree and % RH, respectively. Two datasets of parallel soundings between manual and ARL-based measurements, using identical sonde models, provided by Sodankylä and Faa’a stations showed mean differences between the ARL and manual launches smaller than ±0.2 K up to 10 hPa for the temperature profiles. For relative humidity, differences were smaller than 1 % RH for the Sodankylä dataset up to 300 hPa, while they were smaller than 0.7 % RH for Faa’a station. Finally, the O-B mean and rms statistics for German RS92 and RS41 stations which operate a mix of manual and ARL launch protocols, calculated using the ECMWF forecast model, are very similar, although RS41 shows larger rms(O-B) differences for ARL stations, in particular for temperature and wind. A discussion on the potential next steps proposed by GRUAN community and other parties is provided, with the aim to lay the basis for the elaboration of a strategy to fully demonstrate the value of ARLs and guarantee that the provided products are traceable and suitable for the creation of GRUAN data products.

scholarly journals Use of automatic radiosonde launchers to measure temperature and humidity profiles from the GRUAN perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3621-3649
Author(s):  
Fabio Madonna ◽  
Rigel Kivi ◽  
Jean-Charles Dupont ◽  
Bruce Ingleby ◽  
Masatomo Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract. In the last two decades, technological progress has not only seen improvements to the quality of atmospheric upper-air observations but also provided the opportunity to design and implement automated systems able to replace measurement procedures typically performed manually. Radiosoundings, which remain one of the primary data sources for weather and climate applications, are still largely performed around the world manually, although increasingly fully automated upper-air observations are used, from urban areas to the remotest locations, which minimize operating costs and challenges in performing radiosounding launches. This analysis presents a first step to demonstrating the reliability of the automatic radiosonde launchers (ARLs) provided by Vaisala, Meteomodem and Meisei. The metadata and datasets collected by a few existing ARLs operated by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) certified or candidate sites (Sodankylä, Payerne, Trappes, Potenza) have been investigated and a comparative analysis of the technical performance (i.e. manual versus ARL) is reported. The performance of ARLs is evaluated as being similar or superior to those achieved with the traditional manual launches in terms of percentage of successful launches, balloon burst and ascent speed. For both temperature and relative humidity, the ground-check comparisons showed a negative bias of a few tenths of a degree and % RH, respectively. Two datasets of parallel soundings between manual and ARL-based measurements, using identical sonde models, provided by Sodankylä and Faa'a stations, showed mean differences between the ARL and manual launches smaller than ±0.2 K up to 10 hPa for the temperature profiles. For relative humidity, differences were smaller than 1 % RH for the Sodankylä dataset up to 300 hPa, while they were smaller than 0.7 % RH for Faa'a station. Finally, the observation-minus-background (O–B) mean and root mean square (rms) statistics for German RS92 and RS41 stations, which operate a mix of manual and ARL launch protocols, calculated using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast model, are very similar, although RS41 shows larger rms(O–B) differences for ARL stations, in particular for temperature and wind. A discussion of the potential next steps proposed by GRUAN community and other parties is provided, with the aim to lay the basis for the elaboration of a strategy to fully demonstrate the value of ARLs and guarantee that the provided products are traceable and suitable for the creation of GRUAN data products.

Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Autocorrelation Method ◽  
Selection Of

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods' area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined. 

Quality indicator of the smart city transportation and logistics system

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2116-2135
Author(s):  
G.V. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Organization And Management

Subject. The article considers functioning and development of process flows of transportation and logistics system of a smart city. Objectives. The study identifies factors and dependencies of the quality of human life on the organization and management of stream processes. Methods. I perform a comparative analysis of previous studies, taking into account the uniquely designed results, and the econometric analysis. Results. The study builds multiple regression models that are associated with stream processes, highlights interdependent indicators of temporary traffic and pollution that affect the indicator of life quality. However, the identified congestion indicator enables to predict the time spent in traffic jams per year for all participants of stream processes. Conclusions. The introduction of modern intelligent transportation systems as a component of the transportation and logistics system of a smart city does not fully solve the problems of congestion in cities at the current rate of urbanization and motorization. A viable solution is to develop cooperative and autonomous intelligent transportation systems based on the logistics approach. This will ensure control over congestion, the reduction of which will contribute to improving the life quality of people in urban areas.

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

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