Motivation and Preference for Acoustic or Tablet-Based Musical Instruments: Comparing Guitars and Gayageums

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-294
Author(s):  
Sangmi Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
String Instrument ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Acoustic Instruments ◽  
Preference Ratings ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Low Motivation

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of motivation on upper-grade elementary students’ preferences for acoustic or tablet-based instruments. The effect of cultural familiarity on musical instrument preference was also investigated. Participants ( N = 138) were classified by motivation levels (low, medium-low, medium-high, and high) and played the guitar, tablet-based guitar, gayageum (Korean string instrument), and tablet-based gayageum. After playing each instrument, participants rated preferences and provided their reasons. Results of the mixed-model ANOVA revealed two significant main effects for instrumental mode (acoustic vs. tablet-based) and motivation on instrument preference. A significant three-way interaction was also found: Cultural Familiarity × Mode × Motivation. The two main effects of mode and motivation produced a general pattern in instrument preference: (a) Students generally preferred acoustic instruments to tablet-based instruments, and (b) the level of motivation was associated with the degree of preference ratings. However, the interaction effect deviated from the general pattern; the low motivation group participants’ preference ratings between acoustic and tablet-based guitars were not significantly different. This deviation from the general pattern appeared only for the culturally familiar instrument (guitar) but not the culturally unfamiliar instrument (gayageum) among the low motivation group.

scholarly journals Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Control with Imazapic on Montana Grasslands

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Mangold ◽  
Hilary Parkinson ◽  
Celestine Duncan ◽  
Peter Rice ◽  
Ed Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Research Triangle ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractDowny brome is a problematic invasive annual grass throughout western rangeland and has been increasing its abundance, spread, and impacts across Montana during the past several years. In an effort to develop effective management recommendations for control of downy brome on Montana rangeland, we compiled data from 24 trials across the state that investigated efficacy of imazapic (Plateau®, BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC) applied at various rates and timings and with methylated seed oil (MSO) or a nonionic surfactant (NIS). We ran a mixed-model ANOVA to test for main effects and interactions across application rate (70, 105, 141, 176, and 211 g ai ha−1), application timing (preemergent [PRE], early postemergent [EPOST, one- to two-leaf growth stage], and postemergent [POST, three- to four-leaf growth stage]), and adjuvant (MSO, NIS). Application timing and rate interacted to affect downy brome control (P = 0.0033). PRE imazapic application resulted in the lowest downy brome control (5 to 19%), followed by POST application (25 to 77%) and EPOST application (70 to 95%). Downy brome control remained fairly consistent across rates within application timing. Adjuvant (MSO or NIS) did not affect downy brome control (P = 0.2789). Our data indicate that POST application at 105 to 141 g ai ha−1 provides the most-consistent, short-term control of downy brome. Furthermore, applying imazapic to downy brome seedlings shortly after emergence (one- to two-leaf growth stage) provided better control than applying it to older downy brome seedlings (three- to four-leaf growth stage).

Validity of the SenseWear Armband to Assess Energy Expenditure in Graded Walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Vernillo ◽  
Aldo Savoldelli ◽  
Barbara Pellegrini ◽  
Federico Schena
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Sensewear Armband ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Main Effects

Background:Accurate assessments of physical activity and energy expenditure (EE) are needed to advance research on positive and negative graded walking.Purpose:To evaluate the validity of 2 SenseWear Armband monitors (Pro3 and the recently released Mini) during graded walking.Methods:Twenty healthy adults wore both monitors during randomized walking activities on a motorized treadmill at 7 grades (0%, ±5%, ±15%, and ±25%). Estimates of total EE from the monitors were computed using different algorithms and compared with values derived from indirect calorimetry methodology using a 2-way mixed model ANOVA (Device × Condition), correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots.Results:There was no significant difference in EE between the 2 armbands in any of the conditions examined. Significant main effects for device and condition, as well as a consistent bias, were observed during positive and negative graded walking with a greater over- and under-estimation at higher slope.Conclusions:Both the armbands produced similar EE values and seem to be not accurate in estimation of EE during activities involving uphill and downhill walking. Additional work is needed to understand factors contributing to this discrepancy and to improve the ability of these monitors to accurately measure EE during graded walking.

Investigating Strength and Range of Motion of the Hip Complex in Ice Hockey Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R.J. Wilcox ◽  
Chad T. Osgood ◽  
Hollie S.F. White ◽  
Rebecca V. Vince
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Main Effects

Context:Ice hockey athletes frequently injure the hip complex via a noncontact mechanism. The authors investigated patterns of strength and range of motion (ROM) to establish major differences compared with soccer athletes. Soccer athletes were compared with ice hockey athletes due to similarities between the 2 sports with regard to the intermittent nature and high number of lower-limb injuries.Objective:To compare the differences in ROM and strength of the hip for both the dominant (Dom) and nondominant (Ndom) limbs in ice hockey and soccer athletes.Design:Case-control study.Setting:Bilateral ROM in hip flexion in sitting (FS) and lying (FL), extension, abduction, adduction, and internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) were measured using a goniometer and assessed for strength using a handheld dynamometer on both the Dom and Ndom limbs.Participants:24 male, active, uninjured NCAA Division III ice hockey (16) and soccer (8) athletes.Main Outcome Measures:ROM and strength for hip FS, FL, extension, abduction, adduction, IR, and ER. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to investigate interactions and main effects.Results:Ice hockey athletes exhibited greater hip-adduction ROM than soccer athletes in the Dom leg (both P = .002) and when both limbs were combined (P = .010). Ice hockey athletes had less ROM in ER (P = .042) than soccer athletes. Ice hockey athletes displayed less strength in adduction in their Ndom leg than in their Dom leg (P = .02), along with less adduction than soccer players in their Ndom leg (P = .40). Ice hockey athletes displayed less strength in hip adduction (P = .030), FS (P = .023) and FL (P = .030) than soccer athletes.Conclusions:The findings suggest that ice hockey athletes may present an at-risk profile for noncontact hip injuries in comparison with soccer athletes with regard to strength and ROM of the hip.

Evaluation of the SenseWear Mini Armband to Assess Energy Expenditure During Pole Walking

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Vernillo ◽  
Aldo Savoldelli ◽  
Barbara Pellegrini ◽  
Federico Schena
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Motion Sensor ◽  
Sensewear Armband ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Pole Walking

The current study aimed to show the validity of a portable motion sensor, the SenseWear Armband (SWA), for the estimation of energy expenditure during pole walking. Twenty healthy adults (mean ± SD: age 30.1 ± 7.2 year, body mass 66.1 ± 10.6 kg, height 172.4 ± 8.0 cm, BMI 22.1 ± 2.4 kg·m−2) wore the armband during randomized pole walking activities at a constant speed (1.25 m·s−1) and at seven grades (0%, ±5%, ±15% and ±25%). Estimates of total energy expenditure from the armband were compared with values derived from indirect calorimetry methodology (IC) using a 2–way mixed model ANOVA (Device × Slope), correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots. Results revealed significant main effects for device, and slope (p < .025) as well as a significant interaction (p < .001). Significant differences between IC and SWA were observed for all conditions (p < .05). SWA generally underestimate the EE values during uphill PW by 0.04 kcal·kg−1·min−1 (p < .05). Whereas, a significant overestimation has been detected during flat and downhill PW by 0.01 and 0.03 kcal·kg−1·min−1 (p < .05), respectively. The Bland-Altman plots revealed bias of the armband compared with the indirect calorimetry at any condition examined. The present data suggest that the armband is not accurate to correctly detect and estimate the energy expenditure during pole walking activities. Therefore, the observed over- and under-estimations warrants more work to improve the ability of SWA to accurately measure EE for these activities.

scholarly journals Effects of kinship correction on inflation of genetic interaction statistics in commonly used mouse populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L Tyler ◽  
Baha El Kassaby ◽  
Georgi Kolishovski ◽  
Jake Emerson ◽  
Ann E Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Kinship Matrix ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Interaction Test

Abstract It is well understood that variation in relatedness among individuals, or kinship, can lead to false genetic associations. Multiple methods have been developed to adjust for kinship while maintaining power to detect true associations. However, relatively unstudied, are the effects of kinship on genetic interaction test statistics. Here we performed a survey of kinship effects on studies of six commonly used mouse populations. We measured inflation of main effect test statistics, genetic interaction test statistics, and interaction test statistics reparametrized by the Combined Analysis of Pleiotropy and Epistasis (CAPE). We also performed linear mixed model (LMM) kinship corrections using two types of kinship matrix: an overall kinship matrix calculated from the full set of genotyped markers, and a reduced kinship matrix, which left out markers on the chromosome(s) being tested. We found that test statistic inflation varied across populations and was driven largely by linkage disequilibrium. In contrast, there was no observable inflation in the genetic interaction test statistics. CAPE statistics were inflated at a level in between that of the main effects and the interaction effects. The overall kinship matrix overcorrected the inflation of main effect statistics relative to the reduced kinship matrix. The two types of kinship matrices had similar effects on the interaction statistics and CAPE statistics, although the overall kinship matrix trended toward a more severe correction. In conclusion, we recommend using a LMM kinship correction for both main effects and genetic interactions and further recommend that the kinship matrix be calculated from a reduced set of markers in which the chromosomes being tested are omitted from the calculation. This is particularly important in populations with substantial population structure, such as recombinant inbred lines in which genomic replicates are used.

scholarly journals 109 Phytate supplementation has minimal impact on mineral digestibility in horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Katy Brinkley-Bissinger ◽  
Laura M Cersosimo ◽  
Kathleen E Sullivan ◽  
Shannon E Livingston ◽  
Jill M Bobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inorganic Mineral

Abstract Phosphorus in equine rations is supplied by inorganic mineral fortification or naturally-occurring P in forages and grains. Up to 70% of P in plant material is bound to phytate. In monogastrics like poultry and swine, phytate can reduce absorption of P and divalent cations, but the extent that this occurs in horses is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that phytate decreases mineral digestibility in horses. Six mature Quarter Horse geldings (mean ± SE, 586 ± 19 kg, 10 ± 1.5 y) were randomly assigned to two treatments applied in a cross-over design: IP6 (Ca-Mg-phytate isolated from rice bran fed at 15 mg phytic acid/kg BW) or CON (equivalent Ca, Mg and P from inorganic minerals to match intake from IP6). The level of phytate added represented an amount present in grain-rich rations typically fed to broodmares, growing horses and performance athletes. Supplements were added to a basal diet (1.75% BW, DM basis) consisting of 75% timothy hay and 25% roughage-based concentrate. Each 14-d period had an 11-d treatment adaptation followed by a 3-d total fecal collection. After acid digestion, P was determined colorimetrically and other minerals were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Data were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA. Intakes of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe were similar between treatments (140, 72, 40, 1.05, 0.24, and 1.78 mg/kg BW respectively). Apparent P digestibility (18.8 and 17%, SEM 1.9; P = 0.41) and estimates of true P digestibility (32.8 and 30.8%, SEM 1.9; P = 0.39) were similar between CON and IP6. Apparent digestibilities of other minerals were also not affected by IP6 supplementation. Findings suggest horses have sufficient microbial phytase activity in the gastrointestinal tract to mitigate impacts of dietary phytate. Higher levels or different forms of phytate and marginal mineral intake may yield different results.

scholarly journals PSIV-1 Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Dry Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal Fed to Growing Pigs Without or With Organic Acids and Multi-Carbohydrase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM) is an attractive feed ingredient for swine not only as a protein source but also as a good source of energy because of its high fat content. Apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility in DESBM fed without or with organic acid (OA) and a multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation to growing pigs were determined. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (17.3 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a replicated 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods, each consisting of 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Four cornstarch-based diets with 44.4% DESBM as the only source of AA, without or with OA and MC supplementation, and a 5% casein-cornstarch diet were used. All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model procedures of SAS, with the final model including OA, MC, and the interaction between OA and MC as the main effects. The SID of indispensable AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs were: Arg, 93.2%; His, 85.1%; Ile, 87.1%; Leu, 87.6%; Lys, 88.7%; Met, 87.8%; Phe, 88.4%; Thr, 81.4%; Trp, 73.6%; Val, 84.5%. OA supplementation decreased the AID and SID (P &lt; 0.05) of Arg, Ile, Asp, and Glu, and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to decrease the AID and SID of Phe, Trp, Cys, Gly, and Tyr. MC supplementation did not affect the AID and SID of AA, and no interactive effect on AA digestibility was observed between OA and MC supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of OA and MC showed no positive effects on improving AA digestibility in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Pacifier Removal on Oro-Dentofacial Structures: A Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Guedes de Oliveira Scudine ◽  
Camila Nobre de Freitas ◽  
Kizzy Silva Germano Nascimento de Moraes ◽  
Silvana Bommarito ◽  
Rosana de Fátima Possobon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
And Function ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry ◽  
Facial Anthropometry ◽  
Over Time

It is well recognized that pacifier habit leads to occlusal and orofacial functional changes in children. However, the effects of the interruption of prolonged pacifier habit on the development of the dento-facial complex has not yet been fully characterized. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pacifier removal on aspects of oro-dentofacial morphology and function in preschool children. For that, a pacifier group (n = 28) and a control group (n = 32) of 4-year-old children with and without pacifier habit, respectively, were followed up by a group of dentists and speech therapists at baseline, 6 and 12 months after habit removal. Bite force and lip pressure were assessed using digital systems, and the evaluation of breathing and speech functions was performed using validated protocols, together with the measurements of dental casts and facial anthropometry. The Two-way mixed model ANOVA was used in data analysis. After 12 months, a decrease in malocclusion frequency was observed in pacifier group. Additionally, a change over time was observed in facial, intermolar and palate depth measurements, as well in bite and lip forces and speech function scores, increasing in both groups (p &lt; 0.01). The upper and lower intercanine widths and breathing scores differed between groups at baseline and changed over time reducing the differences. The presence of speech distortions was more frequent in the pacifier group at baseline and decreased over time (p &lt; 0.05). The interruption of pacifier habit improved the maxillary and mandibular intercanine widths, as well as the breathing and speech functions, overcoming the oro-dentofacial changes found.Trial Registration: This clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/), protocol no. RBR-728MJ2.

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