Determinants of Organ Donation Registration Among University Students in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110368
Author(s):  
Shui Hung Wong ◽  
Amy Yin Man Chow
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
University Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Affective Attitude ◽  
Organ Removal ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation

The present study explored the determinants of registration to facilitate the promotion of posthumous organ donation based on the theory of reasoned actions. A total of 211 university students participated in the study. Logistic regression, multiple regressions, and path analysis were conducted. The logistic regression model correctly predicted nearly 80% of registration status, and a good fit model of registration for posthumous organ donation (MRPOD) was proposed. Findings suggested that affective attitude, subjective norm of family, self-rated knowledge, distance from death, and age were predictors of registration. Worries about organ removal and postmortem mutilation anxiety were also mediated through bodily integrity, which had an indirect effect on the registration through affective attitude. Policymakers are suggested to address the negative emotions associated with challenges towards bodily integrity, encourage parents to initiate discussions with children, instill correct knowledge of brain death, and intervene the bystander effect on organ donation.

Preliminary Development of a Postmortem Bodily Integrity Concerns Scale Among the University Students in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282090488
Author(s):  
Shui Hung Wong ◽  
Amy Yin Man Chow
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Organ Removal ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation ◽  
The University

The idea of keeping a body intact has been a major barrier that hinders people from making decision for posthumous organ donation or making consent for their deceased family member. The present research thus attempted to bridge the knowledge gap by conducting an exploratory study to identify the underlying beliefs, and a preliminary validation study to confirm the scale developed thereof. Nineteen university students participated in 5 semistructured focus groups; 115 participated in the exploratory factor analysis, while 96 in the confirmatory factor analysis. An 18-item scale, the Postmortem Bodily Integrity Concerns Scale was developed with 4 subscales: Filial Piety Beliefs, Worries of Organ Removal, Postmortem Mutilation Anxiety, and Detachment to Death. The corresponding measures were established and validated with acceptable psychometric properties and a model of good fit. The findings provided implications for the policymakers to devise plans in dealing with the postmortem bodily integrity issue.

scholarly journals Do cognitive-affective and family communication variables impact individual decisions to discuss organ donation wishes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K. Hyde ◽  
Barbara Masser ◽  
Laura Grace ◽  
Tyneal Barton
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Affective Variables ◽  
The Impact

Family discussion of donation wishes is a critical driver of family authorisation of organ donation. However, few people discuss their wishes or feel certain of family member’s donation preferences. Empirically, individual determinants of discussing donation wishes with family have been examined using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The impact of cognitive-affective (e.g., disgust) and family (e.g., family communication) variables are less well studied, and not integrated together in decision-making frameworks. To address this gap, the role of family communication and ‘cognitive-affective’ variables, integrated within the TPB, were examined as predictors of intended and actual discussion of donation wishes with family. Participants (N=201) completed baseline measures of family communication, cognitive-affective (disgust, bodily integrity, medical mistrust, fear of not being dead, anxiety about discussing), and TPB (attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, intention) variables. Two-weeks later, participants (N=111) self-reported their discussion behaviour (n=42, 38% discussed). A revised structural equation model provided a good fit to these data. In this model, less anxiety about discussion and positive attitudes toward discussion predicted self-efficacy (R2=0.67). Positive attitudes, greater self-efficacy and perceived approval/support from important others (subjective norm) predicted discussion intentions (R2=0.70). Intention predicted discussion behaviour (R2=0.22). Cognitive-affective variables (except discussion anxiety) and family communication did not have a prominent role. Interventions which emphasise that family expect and approve of donation discussions, portray donation discussions as positively valued, and bolster self-efficacy are needed to increase discussion of organ donation wishes. Bolstering self-efficacy could be achieved by providing tangible strategies to assist individuals to reduce their anxiety about discussing their wishes, and encouraging positive attitudes towards discussion and its importance in family authorisation for donation.

Moderating Role of Religiosity and the Determinants to Attitude, Willingness to Donate and Willingness to Communicate Posthumous Organ Donation Decisions among University Students in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110451
Author(s):  
Sonia Umair ◽  
Jo-Ann Ho ◽  
Serene Siew Imm Ng ◽  
Norazlyn Kamal Basha
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Donor Card ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation ◽  
The Relationship

Organ transplantation is considered an alternative treatment to save lives or to improve the quality of life and is a successful method for the treatment of patients with end-stage organ diseases. The main objective of the current study was to explore the determinants of the attitudes and willingness to communicate the posthumous organ donation decisions to the families. Questionnaires were used to test the hypothesized relationships. The results confirmed altruism, knowledge, empathy, and self-identity as the antecedents to attitude. We also found perceived behavioral control, moral norms, and attitude as significant antecedents to the willingness to donate organs after death. The results of the study also indicated that those who were willing to sign the donor card were also willing to communicate their decision to their families. Religiosity moderated the relationship between willingness to donate and signing the donor card, and it strengthened the relationship. The findings of this study would provide insight into the factors which can influence posthumous organ donation among university students in Pakistan.

An Exploratory Study on University Students’ Perceptions of Posthumous Organ Donation Base on the Theory of Reasoned Action

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui Hung Wong ◽  
Amy Yin Man Chow
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Medical System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Registration Rate ◽  
Negative Affects ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation

In view of the general support for organ donation but low registration rate in Hong Kong, the present research attempted to understand the attitude-behavior inconsistency by identifying the underlying beliefs for organ donation through employing the theory of reasoned action. A qualitative approach using semi-structured focus groups was adopted and 19 students from three universities in Hong Kong participated; 10 constructs were identified: attitude, subjective norm, helping, continuation, contribution, body intact, distrust to the medical system, indifference to organ donation, negative affect, and family burden. Findings suggested that their attitudes toward organ donation were of both the cognitive and affective nature; subjective norm of family, friends, and people they respect were identified as influential to students’ views on organ donation. The study provided insight in promoting organ donation, that the cognitive concerns about keeping the body intact, and the negative affects introduced should also be addressed.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and willingness to organ donation among the general public: A cross-sectional survey in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Fan ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Heike Rolker ◽  
Jiaoyang Du ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
General Public ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Central China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to organ donation among the general public in China. Methods The study population consisted of 4274 participants from Eastern, Central and Western China. The participants’ knowledge, attitudes and willingness to organ donation were collected by a self-designed questionnaire consisting of 30 items. Knowledge is measured by 10 items and presented as a 10 point score, attitudes is measured by 20 items using a 5-step Likert scale and total score ranged between 0 and 80; while the willingness to donate is assessed as binary variable (0 = No; 1 = Yes). A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of knowledge and attitudes with willingness to organ donation, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic confounders. Results The questionnaire response rate was 94.98%. The mean score (± SD) of the general public’s knowledge to organ donation was 6.84 ± 1.76, and the mean score (± SD) of attitudes to organ donation was 47.01 ± 9.07. The general public’s knowledge and attitudes were the highest in Eastern China, followed by West and Central China. The logistic regression model indicated a positive association between knowledge and the willingness to organ donation (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.17; P < 0.001); attitudes were also positively potential determinant of more willingness to organ donation (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.09; P < 0.001). Conclusions Knowledge and attitudes were found to be positively associated with the Chinese general public’s willingness to organ donation. Knowledge about the concept of brain death and the transplant procedure may help raise the rate of willingness to organ donation.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE ATTITUDES AND FACTORS INFLUENCING ORGAN DONATION DECISIONS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Sonia Umair ◽  
Jo Ann Ho ◽  
Norazlyn Kamal Basha ◽  
Serene Siew-Imm Ng ◽  
Umair Waqas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to identify factors that were important in posthumous organ donation decisions in a developing country such as Pakistan. Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted with 50 semi-structured interviews among students of one public and one private university in Lahore (Pakistan) to understand their attitudes and factors influencing their decisions on posthumous organ donations. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. The interview questions focused on the level of knowledge, motivation and overall attitude towards the posthumous organ donation decision of the respondents. Main Findings: There was a lack of general knowledge among university students in Pakistan. Most of the students had a positive attitude for posthumous organ donation yet moral norms are very influential in the decision-making process for organ donation after death. Those who were willing were reluctant because of the influence of family and friends. Religion was also another significant norm factor for prohibiting them to be an organ donor after death. Implications/Applications: The present study provided a way in the advancement of knowledge towards an understanding of the attitude, moral norms along with social and family influence for not only intention to donate but also signing the donor card. The findings of the study are useful for the government, policymakers and the organizations in Pakistan in their efforts to increase awareness and organ donation rates in the country. Novelty/Originality: The present research was exploratory and the intention for this research was to explore the underlying behavioral and normative beliefs which may inhibit or encourage organ donation among university students. Such qualitative studies are relatively uncommon in transplant literature.

The Effect of Sanctions on Cooperative Behavior: A Study on Medium Trust Individuals in the Context of Corruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Rosiana ◽  
Achmad Djunaidi ◽  
Indun Lestari Setyono ◽  
Wilis Srisayekti
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Personal Interests

This study aims to describe the effect of sanctions (individual sanctions, collective sanctions, and absence of sanctions) on cooperative behavior of individuals with medium trust in the context of corruption. Both collective sanctions and individual sanctions, are systemic, which means sanctioning behavior is exercised not by each individual but by the system. Cooperative behavior in this context means choosing to obey rules, to reject acts of corruption and to prioritize public interests rather than the personal interests. Conversely, corruption is an uncooperative behavior to the rules, and ignores the public interest and prioritizes personal interests. Research subjects were 62 students. The Chi-Square Analysis was used to see the association between the variables and the logistic regression model was applied to describe the structure of this association. Individual sanction is recommended as punishment to medium trust individuals to promote cooperative behavior in the context of corruption. The results showed that individuals with medium trust had more cooperative behavior.

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