Protection of cotton in the USSR

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Methods Of Control

The USSR is currently the world's largest producer of raw cotton. Cotton crop protection is based on a system of forecasting and the use of cultural, biological and chemical methods of control as dictated by the situation in the field and prescribed by the USSR Ministry of Agriculture. Alternation of pesticides from different chemical groups during the growing season is important to protect the environment and to avoid or delay the development of resistant pest populations.

Disease and pest control in enclosed environments in Japan

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihei Kishi
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Methods Of Control

Control of foliar and soil-borne diseases is the most important aspect of crop protection in enclosed environments in Japan, particularly in the widely used “vinyl” houses where humidity can be high. The principal diseases of cucumbers, melons, tomatoes, eggplant, pepper, strawberries, other vegetables and flower crops are discussed, together with methods of control. Pests, in general, present a less serious problem than diseases, the most important being aphids and mites.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties and Methods of Control of Pantoprazol Sodium Sesquihydrate (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
V. A. Shelekhova ◽  
K. R. Savelyeva ◽  
S. V. Polyakov ◽  
V. N. Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Direct Spectrophotometry ◽  
Methods Of Control ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Introduction. Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate is a proton pump inhibitor. This substance is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer of the duodenum or stomach in the acute phase, including those associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Text. Pantoprazole is sodium 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[(RS)-[(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide sesquihydrate in its structure. The substance is readily soluble in water and ethyl alcohol. The identification of pantoprazole is confirmed by infrared absorption spectrophotometry, as well as by a positive reaction to sodium ion. For the assay of this substance chemical and physico-chemical methods are used. The first group of methods includes titration in a non-aqueous medium with perchloric acid and permanganatometry. Physico-chemical methods used for pantoprazole assay are spectrophotometry and HPLC. The most commonly used method is direct spectrophotometry associated with the measurement of optical density at a wavelength of the maximum absorption of pantoprazole in various solvents. In addition, spectrophotometric methods of assay are known, based on the study of the absorption of colored pantoprazode reaction products. The derivative spectrophotometry is used for the analysis of its preparations. The control of the content of impurities and pantoprazole in the substance and its dosage forms is carried out, as a rule, using HPLC.Conclusion. An analysis of the literature has shown that this substance is unstable. Therefore, this feature of pantoprazole must be considered when choosing excipients when developing a dosage form. The preferred method for analyzing pantoprazole preparations is HPLC, since it is possible to determine the substance in the presence of other compounds, which will allow one to control the quantitative content and stability of pantoprazole in the preparation.

scholarly journals Fungicides against diseases of lawn grass leaves

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
S. Retman ◽  
O. Nychyporuk ◽  
О. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Positive Effect

Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of fungicides of various chemical groups against the leaf diseases turfgrass. Methods. The research was carried out in 2015—2017 on the lawn mixture «Universal» in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine. The effect of fungicides of various chemical groups was investigated (Impact T, SC; Bumper Super, EC; Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC; Alto Super 300 EC, EC; Maxim 025 FS, FS; Horus 75 WG, WG). Fungicides were applied twice. The first spraying was carried out when development of diseases in control plot reached 3—5%, the second — in 30 days. The assessments were performed according to generally accepted methods, disease spread, disease severity and technical efficiency of pesticides were determined. Results. During the period of research, the most common leaf diseases of turfgrass, which eveloped annually and had a significant severity during the growing season, were powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch. After two-time spraying, the technical efficiency of fungicides against powdery mildew reached 82.2—92.2%, against septoria leaf blotch up to 80.2%. The most effective against powdery mildew was the use of Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) and tank mixture of Maxim 025 FS, FS (0.75 l / ha and 1.0 l / ha) with Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha). Against the septoria leaf blotch, the highest efficiency was shown by Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Bumper Super, EC (0.8 l / ha) and Maxim 025 FS, FS (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, WG (0.6 kg / ha). In addition, due to the reduction of disease severity, a positive effect of fungicides on the quality of the lawn was achieved and the projective coating increased to 92—93%. Conclusion. The use of fungicides contributes to the reduction of disease and the formation of quality herbs. The best indicators against flour dew and septoriosis of leaves were obtained for the treatment of Alto Super 330 EC, CE (0.5 l / ha) and tank Maxim 025 FS, tc.s. (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha).

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: II Precipitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
Pentti Pirinen ◽  
Hanna M. Mäkelä ◽  
Hannu Ojanen ◽  
Ari Venäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Finnish Meteorological Institute ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Time Period

There is great temporal and spatial variation in precipitation in Finland. Both drought episodes and repeated, abundant rains may interfere with crop growth, yield and quality formation, and many agricultural operations (such as tillage, sowing, crop protection and harvesting). The windows for optimal operations are often narrow due to the short growing season and variable weather conditions. Field traffic at high soil moisture may e.g. cause soil compaction. Also, the high environmental footprint on agriculture under high latitude conditions is often attributable to fluctuations in precipitation. The station-wise precipitation observations from the Finnish Meteorological Institute for the time period of 54 years (1961‒2014) were interpolated to a regular 10 km × 10 km grid covering the whole country. Several successive time slices were used to calculate the likelihood of: 1) drought periods and 2) periods with repeated rains with above normal precipitation sum so that both of these lasted for at least a) two weeks or b) three weeks. We demonstrated substantial spatial and temporal variation in the likelihood of drought and repeated rains: drought episodes were common during the early half of the growing season, while again repeated rains with high accumulated precipitation (lasting for two weeks) became common in the latter part of the growing season. Though, we highlighted in this paper some examples of how these events may affect agriculture and their environmental impacts, the datasets published here may be applied for many other assessments.

scholarly journals Rodent Damage and Control in Peanut Fields in India

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Parshad ◽  
C. S. Malhi ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Zinc Phosphide ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Tatera Indica ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Methods Of Control

Abstract Studies were made on the identification, damage and chemical methods of control of rodent pests in irrigated and nonirrigated fields of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Ludhiana, India. Peanut fields were infested with Bandicota bengalensis, Tatera indica, Rattus meltada and Mus spp., except that B. bengalensis was absent in nonirrigated fields. These rodents reduced peanut yield by an average 3.86%, a loss of 190.18 rupees/ha ($15.12 US). Severe rodent damage was sporadic with a maximum of 18.97% reduction in peanut yield. Rodents inflicted more damage between 80 to 120 days after planting, i. e. during the pod fill stage of crop growth. A single treatment with poison bait at 80 to 90 days after planting with 2.4% zinc phosphide, 0.005% brodifacoum and 0.005% bromadiolone in cereal baits at the rate of 1 kg/ha resulted in 58.07%, 42.26% and 40.88% rodent control, respectively, in nonirrigated fields. In irrigated fields, 58.70% and 67.02% rodent control was achieved with zinc phosphide and brodifacoum baits respectively. Significantly higher rodent control was obtained with 2 treatments of either brodifacoum or bromadiolone than with a single treatment of any rodenticide. Wax blocks containing 0.005% brodifacoum were less effective than cereal baits containing the same rodenticide. Two applications at 10 day interval of either 0.005% brodifacoum or bromadiolone between 80–100 days after planting is suggested for rodent control in peanut fields.

scholarly journals The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a new menace to cotton in Egypt and its chemical control

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Zahi Saber El-Zahi ◽  
Safwat Abd El-Salam Aref ◽  
Samy Kamal Mohammad Korish
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Cotton Mealybug ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
First Time

Abstract The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous sap sucking insect with a wide geographical and host range causing severe losses in economically important crops. This study represents the first record of P. solenopsis as a new insect attacking cotton plants (Gossypium barbadense var. Giza 86) in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. The insect was noticed on cotton plants for the first time during its growing season of 2014. The mealybug specimens were collected from infested cotton plants and identified as P. solenopsis. In an attempt to control this pest, eight toxic materials viz., imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, flonicamid, emamectin-benzoate, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, deltamethrin and mineral oil (KZ-oil), belonging to different chemical groups, were tested for their influence against P. solenopsis on cotton under field conditions. Methomyl, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorpyrifos showed the highest efficacy against P. solenopsis recording 92.3 to 80.4% reduction of the insect population. Flonicamid, emamectin-benzoate and KZ-oil failed to exhibit sufficient P. solenopsis control.

scholarly journals Field Efficacy of Pesticides Against Dust Mites Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranchidae) on Date Palm, Hillawi Cultivar

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
Hazim M. Ali ◽  
Khalid A. Fhaid
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dust Mites ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Methods Of Control

This study was carried out to evaluate some pesticides with two methods of control (preventative and curative) in a private field in the region of Abu Al-Khaseeb in Basrah province during the growing season of 2018 / 2019; treatments were applied in three dates (eight weeks, ten weeks and twelve weeks) after the pollination of the date palm trees (28/2/2019). The results recorded that the 1st spray was the most effective in reducing the population density of the dust mites compared to the second and third spraying rate (49.25, 45.40 and 42.69)% respectively. The dormant spray carried out in December 2018 that reduced the population density of the pest below the economic threshold by using Sulphur (200, 300 and 400) G/palm and Matrixine (1, 1.5 and 2) Ml.L-1; the population density was decreased to 7.88, 4.15 and 4.05 mites and to 7.53, 4.31 and 3.96 mites by controlling with Sulphur and Matrixine, respectively, compared to the untreated palms (8.63, 24.53 and 42.40 mites) at the sampling events 15 March, 15 April and 15 May.

scholarly journals Načini zatiranja marmorirane smrdljivke (Halyomorpha halys [Stål, 1855], Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Žiga LAZNIK ◽  
Stanislav TRDAN
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Methods Of Control

The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855); [Hemiptera, Pentatomidae]) is an invasive, alien and polyphagous insect species native to East Asia. It was introduced to the United States in the mid-1990s and to Europe in 2004. Today it is present in most European countries. In new environments, it adapts quickly and reproduces successfully, developing at least one complete generation per year. With the growth of populations, it is becoming a disturbing factor in the urban areas and recently one of the most dangerous pests in agricultural production. It was first discovered in Slovenia in 2017 in Šempeter near Gorica. In less than two years, it spread to the entire territory od Slovenia and began to cause damage to agricultural production. In a review paper, we have collected research by foreign and domestic researchers related to the study of different ways of controlling the brown marmorated stink bug. The article presents chemical methods of control, the use of insecticide nets, the use of attractants and repellents, trap crops, as well as methods of biotic protection using predators and parasitoids.

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