Foreign-Born Population Growth, Negative Outgroup Contact, and Americans’ Attitudes Towards Legal and Unauthorized Immigration

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110059
Author(s):  
James Laurence ◽  
Harris Hyun-soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
State Level ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Unauthorized Immigration ◽  
Legal Immigration ◽  
Restrictive Policy

Individual attitudes towards immigration are powerfully driven by ethnic context, that is, size of foreign-born population. We advance the literature by examining how the change (growth) in foreign-born population, in addition to its size (level), is related to two distinct outcomes: natives’ views on legal and unauthorized immigration. By analysing a probability US sample, we find that an increase in the state-level immigration population is positively related to Americans’ approval of a policy aimed at containing the flow of undocumented immigrants. The proportion of immigrants in a state, however, is not a significant predictor of support for such restrictive policy. With respect to legal immigration, neither the amount of recent change in, nor the size of, the immigration population matters. Our study provides strong evidence for contextual effects: net of compositional factors, a dynamic change in foreign-born population has an independent impact on how Americans view unauthorized, but not legal, immigration.

scholarly journals Immigration Policies and Group Identity: How Immigrant Laws Affect Linked Fate among U.S. Latino Populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Vargas ◽  
Gabriel R. Sanchez ◽  
Juan A. Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Linked Fate ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Unauthorized Immigration ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Immigrant Policies

AbstractImmigrant sentiment, measured by the number of state laws enacted to curb the flow of undocumented immigration or expand rights to immigrants, have been on a steady incline since September 11, 2001. Despite the increased attention to unauthorized immigration, little research has examined how immigrant policies are affecting group identity (i.e., linked fate). Linked fate is a form of collective group identity that develops when a group of people experience discrimination and marginalization. Using a unique database that merges the 2012 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (n= 934 Latinos) with the sum of state-level immigration policies enacted from 2005 to 2012, this study is the first to examine the direct relationship between immigrant climate and linked fate. Results from our multinomial logistic regressions indicate that the linked fate among Latinos increases as the number of punitive immigration laws in a state increases, controlling for a vector of control variables. Consistent with our theory regarding differential impact, our findings also suggest that immigration laws have a more pronounced influence on the linked fate of foreign-born Latinos.

Determinants of international tourism demand: Evidence from Australian states and territories

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiullah ◽  
Luke Emeka Okafor ◽  
Usman Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
State Level ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
World Income

This article explores whether the determinants of international tourism demand differ by states and territories in Australia. This is the first attempt at econometric modelling of international tourism demand in the states and territories of Australia. A demand model is specified where international visits to states and territories is a function of world income, state-level transportation costs, stock of foreign-born residents, the Australian real exchange rate and the price levels of international and domestic substitutes. Panel and time series econometric techniques are employed to test the model variables for stationarity, cointegration and direction of causality. Panel and time series cointegration tests show that the model is cointegrated. The causality analysis indicates that all explanatory variables Granger cause international visits to the Australian states and territories. Further, we show that the impacts of the determinants of international tourism vary by states and territories. The results underscore the importance of targeted policymaking that takes into account the economic and social structure of each state and territory instead of designing tourism policies on the basis of one-size-fits-all approach.

Variation and recent change in fingerspelling in British Sign Language

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sutton-Spence ◽  
Bencie Woll ◽  
Lorna Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
British Sign Language ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
British Sign

ABSTRACTBritish Sign Language is a language exhibiting extensive regional variation and undergoing rapid change, in a period of changing attitudes to the language and the community of signers. Fingerspelling (a representation of written English) is an aspect of BSL that reflects these variations strongly. Analysis of interviews with Deaf signers appearing on BBC television shows that use of fingerspelling may vary according to various demographic factors and the signers' use of voice. There has also been a decrease in the overall use of fingerspelling in BSL over the last 10 years. Strong evidence is presented to support the claim that fingerspelling in BSL is of two distinct linguistic types. Some fingerspelling involves code-mixing with English, whereas some has become incorporated into the language itself. Further evidence for such a “discontinuity” between the code-mixing and borrowing is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals The Naturalization of U.S. Immigrants: Why Citizenship Rates Differ by State

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Woroby ◽  
Melissa Groves
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The U.S

<p>This paper investigates the extent to which the geographic region in which an immigrant resides influences the propensity to naturalize, by specifically analyzing the variation in U.S. immigrant citizenship rates across states.  By merging Census data with other forms of publically available state level data, we are able to better understand why state naturalization rates in the U.S. vary so dramatically, from a low of about 30% to a high of almost 60%.   We find that while applying for citizenship is an individual decision, both institutional and group variables influence this decision.  Consistent with prior research, our results indicate that a more favorable economic environment is correlated with higher naturalization rates and that the clustering of Mexicans discourages naturalization.  Unique to the literature, our results also indicate that states that are more socially and politically welcoming to immigrants have statistically higher rates of naturalization, and that there are no significant negative effects on naturalization rates in states with larger numbers of undocumented immigrants. Our research contributes to the growing body of literature on naturalization decisions and supports the proposition that attitudes towards immigrants, be they authorized or undocumented, influence the extent to which the foreign born will choose to become fuller participants in U.S. society.</p>

Zero Undocumented Population Growth Is Here to Stay and Immigration Reform Would Preserve and Extend These Gains

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Warren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Zero Population Growth ◽  
Legal Immigration

This report demonstrates that a broad and sustained reduction in undocumented immigration to the United States occurred in the 2008 to 2015 period. First, the report shows that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the Great Recession had little, if any, role in the transformation to zero population growth. The population stopped growing because of increased scrutiny of air travel after 9/11, a decade and a half of accelerating efforts to reduce illegal entries across the southern border, long-term increases in the numbers leaving the population each year, and improved economic and demographic conditions in Mexico. These conditions are likely to continue for the foreseeable future. It is time to recognize that the era of large-scale undocumented population growth has ended, and that there is a need to reform the US legal immigration system to preserve and extend these gains (Kerwin and Warren 2017, 319-21). Major findings of the report include:   The recession did not reduce arrivals or accelerate departures from the undocumented population; it essentially had very little impact on population change.[1]Population growth was lower in 2008 to 2015 than in 2000 to 2008 for all major sending areas and for 13 of the top 15 countries of origin.[2]Population growth was lower in 2008 to 2015 than in 2000 to 2008 in all of the top 15 states. In 10 of the 15 top states, growth changed to decline.Nearly twice as many left[3] the undocumented population from Mexico than arrived in the 2008 to 2015 period — 1.7 million left the population and 900,000 arrived.Almost twice as many overstays as persons who entered without inspection (EWIs) “arrived” (joined the undocumented population) from 2008 to 2015 — 2.0 million overstays compared to 1.1 million EWIs.Overstays leave the undocumented population at higher rates than EWIs: about 1.9 million, or 40 percent, of overstays that lived in the United States in 2008 had left the undocumented population by 2015, compared to 1.6 million, or 24 percent, of EWIs.The rate of overstays (65% of the newly undocumented), compared to EWIs, is more dramatic than the numbers indicate since estimates of the undocumented count Central American asylum seekers that cross the US southern border as EWIs.[1] The term “population” in this paper refers to the undocumented population, both persons who have stayed in the United States beyond the period of their temporary admission (“overstays”) and those who entered without inspection (EWIs).[2] In this paper, the terms “2000 to 2008 period” and “2008 to 2015 period” are not overlapping; they are used for ease of presentation. Estimates for the two time periods are based on data for 2000, 2008, and 2015. Technically, the earlier period is for 2000 through 2007 (eight years), and the latter period is for 2008 through 2014 (seven years).[3] Undocumented residents can leave the population in four ways: emigrate voluntarily, adjust to lawful status, be removed by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), or (a relatively small number) die.

Foreign-born population concentration and neighbourhood growth and development within US metropolitan areas

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Ruther ◽  
Rebbeca Tesfai ◽  
Janice Madden
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Population Concentration

Immigrant populations are a major driver of growth in many US metropolitan areas, and considerable research has focused on the effects of immigrant populations on neighbourhood outcomes. However, much of this research is based on data from 1990 or earlier, prior to substantial growth in the diversity of the immigrant population and to changes in immigrants’ US settlement patterns. This research uses tract-level data from the 2000 Decennial Census and the 2009–2013 American Community Survey to explore the relationship between an existing immigrant population and future changes in neighbourhood characteristics within the 100 largest US metropolitan areas. Spatial regression models are used to identify the neighbourhood features that predict future proportional growth in a neighbourhood’s foreign-born population. In addition, the associations between a neighbourhood’s initial foreign-born concentration and future neighbourhood relative income and population growth are investigated. Consistent with previous work, our results indicate that foreign-born populations of all races tend to move towards existing immigrant population clusters. All of the immigrant minority racial groups are also attracted to neighbourhoods with existing same-race US-born populations. Overall proportional population growth is positively associated with the initial presence of the white and Asian immigrant population; black and Hispanic immigrant concentrations are associated with proportional population loss. While immigrants do not contribute to neighbourhood relative income growth, a greater presence of immigrants – relative to their US-born co-racial group – is associated with lower rates of neighbourhood relative income decline.

Sodium Amytal in the Diagnosis of Chronic Pain*

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy P. Shoichet
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Mixed Group ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Language Difficulties ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions

The diagnosis of chronic pain cases is now an important problem for psychiatrists and many authors have presented strong evidence for the influence of psychological factors in chronic pain conditions. The author is reporting his experience with 75 consecutive out-patient consultations. Many of the patients were foreign-born and had significant language difficulties. The main diagnostic technique described is the use of sodium amytal given intravenously over a 45 minute-period while the patient is examined physically and psychologically; his responses noted during light, midrange and deeper levels of sodium amytal sedation. Most patients fell comfortably into one of the following diagnostic groups: psychogenic regional pain, organic pain, mixed group (organic plus psychogenic regional pain), and malingering. The author suggests that sodium amytal helps to overcome language barriers, reduces the time required for proper assessment and allows the patient and the examiner to appreciate more precisely, the level of pain and the limits of physical performance as well as permitting an effective exploration of important psychodynamic issues.

scholarly journals Increasing Urologic Care Ratios: Implications of Male Patient Care in Florida

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029-2036
Author(s):  
Walker Talton ◽  
Hanna Lindner ◽  
Michael J. Rovito
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Relationship Lending ◽  
Per Capita

Ongoing trends have revealed an inverse relationship between population growth and the number of practicing urologists in the U.S. per capita, which threatens urologic care accessibility. Furthermore, different regions in the United States may be more negatively impacted due to higher population growth rates. The state of Florida witnessed over a 10% higher growth rate compared with national figures between 2000 and 2015. Coupled with data suggesting that since the 1980s, the number of U.S. urologists per capita has been decreasing, the foreseeable future presents many challenges regarding health equity and accessibility. This secondary analysis aimed to investigate the implications of forecasted urologic care decline within a growing population and how it can contribute to adverse male health outcomes. National- and state-level data were collected to calculate a series of urologic care ratios as defined by the number of urologists compared with population sizes. Analyses revealed that national-level urologic care ratios and prostate cancer incidence rates have a significant positive relationship, lending to the conclusion that with fewer urologists, the number of cases identified will decrease. State-level forecasted models indicated that the urologic care ratio will decrease approximately 30% in Florida from 6.23 per 100,000 in 2010 to 4.39 per 100,000 by the year 2030. As growth in demand for urologic care will increase in the next decade, a dire public health scenario is potentially unfolding. Future implications of undiagnosed prostate cancer due to the lack of access will drive an increase in mortality rates as well as health equity concerns for men.

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