Black–White and Male–Female Differences in Criminal Thinking: Examining Instrumental and Expressive Motives for Crime in Federal Supervisees

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
White Female ◽  
Criminal Thinking ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
White Males

Using 2,000 federal supervisees comprised of 500 White males, 500 Black males, 500 White females, and 500 Black females, this study evaluated whether race and sex are differentially associated with proactive and reactive criminal thinking. It was predicted that proactive criminal thinking would be higher in Black than White supervisees and that reactive criminal thinking should be higher in female than male supervisees. Results revealed that instrumental motives for crime, as represented by proactive criminal thinking, were more prevalent in Black male offenders, and expressive motives for crime, as represented by reactive criminal thinking, were more prevalent in White female offenders.

Relationship of Reference Group to Perception of Humor

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Buckalew ◽  
K. E. Coffield
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Group Influence ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Relationship Of

Psychosocial importance of humor in reduction of anxiety and communication was developed, with specific consideration of group influence on perception of humor. Subjects were 15 black females, 20 white females, 13 black males, and 16 white males. Cartoons depicting seven humorous themes were rank ordered in terms of ‘funniness.’ Group mean ranks were transformed into ordinal integers. Groups applied similar concepts of humor to rankings ( W = .68, p < .05), though rank correlations showed significant relationships only between white females, black females, and white males.

scholarly journals Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors of Stroke: A Review Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Jahirul Hoque Choudhury ◽  
Md Tauhidul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Abu Nayeem ◽  
Waseka Akter Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in industrialized countries. Stroke is the most important cause of morbidity and longterm disability in Europe as well as in other industrialized nations. Prevalence rate was higher among men compared with women 3.44 and 2.41 per 1000 respectively. Data from the Northern Manhattan study showed the age adjusted incidence of first ischemic stroke per 100,000 was 88 in Whites 191 in Blacks and 149 in Hispanics. Black has almost thrice the risk of first ever stroke compared with Whites. The age adjustment stroke incidence rates for first ever stroke are 167 for White males, 138 for White females, 323 for Black males and 260 for Black females. Among American-Indian age 65-74, the annual rates per 1,000 population of new and recurrent stoke are 6.1 for men and 6.6 for women. Stroke accounted for about one of every 15 deaths in the United State in 2003. About 50 percent of these deaths occurred out of hospital. On average, about every three minutes someone dies of a stroke. In this review the modifiable and non-modifiable risks factors are discussed.J. Natl Inst. Neurosci Bangladesh 2015;1(1):22-26

Semantic Habits and Attitudes of Black College Students

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-969
Author(s):  
Kathleen Chen
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Black Students ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Black College ◽  
Black College Students ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
White College

In exploring the associative patterns and attitudes toward self and others, some measures were obtained on 79 black and 97 white college students. Results show reduced tendencies of the black students to use positive evaluational concepts in association. Black females are much like black males in associative patterns. There is no difference in the reported self-concepts of black and white females. Black males, however, reported more positive self-concepts than white males.

Intellectual Differences in Black and White Southern Low Achievers

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1269-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theron M. Covin ◽  
Gary L. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Verbal Performance

WISC IQs obtained by 300 black children and 300 white children were compared. The subjects were 15 white males, 15 white females, 15 black males, and 15 black females at each age level from 6 to 15 yr. Mean IQs on the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale for blacks were 6968, 6992, and 6691 respectively and were significantly lower than the respective average of 7980, 7980, and 7950 for whites. Means, standard deviations, and ts for stratified samples by sex and race were also reported.

Personal Sexual Attitudes and Behavior in Blacks and Whites

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia B. Sutker ◽  
Rickie S. Gilliard
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
White College

A Sexual Attitude Survey was administered to 79 black and 118 white college students. Reported sexual attitudes and behavior among black males were significantly more liberal than those of black females, white females, and white males.

An intersectional investigation of race and sex on receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
Amina Dhahri ◽  
Estrella M. Carballido ◽  
Seth Felder ◽  
Sean Patrick Dineen ◽  
Benjamin D Powers
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Stage Iii Colon Cancer ◽  
White Males ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Males And Females

86 Background: Race and sex disparities exist for receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for stage III colon cancer. However, most studies have not used an intersectional approach, which assesses the cumulative effects of different identities (e.g., Black women) instead of treating each as distinct, independent variables. Using this approach, we assessed the summative impact of these identities on receipt of AC for stage III colon cancer. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried from 2004 to 2015 for patients who underwent surgery for stage III colon cancer and were healthy enough for AC. Receipt of AC was assessed chi-squared and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: 92,696 patients were identified. White patients had higher rates of care at community cancer centers. Black patients had higher rates of treatment at academic cancer programs (p < 0.001). Overall 83.5% received AC. Black males and females had higher rates of AC (86.5% and 86.2%, respectively) compared to White males and females (85.3% and 80.5%), respectively (p < 0.001). In adjusted analysis, Black males had the lowest odds of AC (OR 0.73), followed by Black females (OR 0.89) and White females (OR 0.91). When evaluated by age < 65 years and adjusting for potential confounders, Black men remained the least likely group to receive AC (OR 0.70). Black females had similar odds of receipt of AC (OR 0.99) and White females had increased odds (OR 1.22) relative to White males. Conclusions: Despite higher rates of treatment at academic centers, Black males and females had lower odds of receipt of AC after adjusting for confounders. Younger Black males persisted with the lowest odds of AC, although younger Black females had odds similar to younger White males. Additional research is necessary to identify drivers of these disparities and interventions to ameliorate them. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Sex and Race Differences in the Relationship between Obesity and C-Reactive Protein

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Clark ◽  
Kathleen T. Unroe ◽  
Huiping Xu ◽  
NiCole R. Keith ◽  
Christopher M. Callahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
White Males ◽  
The Relationship

<p>C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality; it is known to be positively associated with obesity but there is some evidence that this association differs by race or sex. We used nationally representative data of adults aged &gt;50 years to investigate sex and race modifiers of the associations between obesity and CRP in non-Hispanic White males (n=3,517) and females (n=4,658), and non-Hispanic Black males (n=464) and females (n=826). Using multiple linear regression models with the natural logarithm of CRP as the dependent variable, we sequentially included body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), and socioeconomic, health and health behavior covariates in the model. The association between BMI and CRP was significantly stronger in females than males. Obese White females had mean CRP values slightly above 3 mg/liter (vs 2 for White males) and Black females had mean CRP values &gt;4 mg/liter (vs 3 for Black males). More than 50% of Black females in the United States have obesity. Continued research into racial and sex differences in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and health risks may ultimately lead to more personalized weight loss recommendations. <em>Ethn Dis</em>. 2016;26(2):197-204; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.2.197</p>

Gestational Age-Specific Birthweights of Twins Versus Singletons

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Luke ◽  
F.R. Witter ◽  
H. Abbey ◽  
T. Feng ◽  
A.B. Namnoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
White Males ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn order to more adequately characterize patterns of intrauterine growth retardation in twins, the mean birthweights of all nonanomalous white or black twins born between 24 and 41 weeks of gestation and surviving until discharge over an 11-year period (547 infants) and all similar singletons (19,072 infants) were compared by completed weeks of gestation. Between 24 and 35 weeks of gestation, the mean birthweights for the 547 twins and the 19,072 singletons were comparable and did not consistently differ statistically. From 36 to 41 weeks gestation, however, the difference became large, consistent, and statistically significant for each week at P < 0.0001. This difference was present among all subgroups of twins, ie, in all males, females, blacks, and whites; it was still evident when the sample was further stratified by both race and sex (black males, white males, black females, white females). These data suggest a pattern of growth retardation in twins compared to singletons which is large, consistent, and statistically significant beginning at 36 weeks gestation. Clinically, these data also suggest the need for ultrasonic examination early in gestation (24-32 weeks) to document normal growth and to provide baseline data, and show the importance of such monitoring later in gestation, specifically after 36 weeks.

FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF RACE AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN CRANIAL CAPACITY

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Cranial Capacity ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black Females ◽  
The Core ◽  
White Males ◽  
Growth Center

Cranial capacities were calculated from the external head measurements reported for 36 samples of 7 to 15 year olds gathered by the Philadelphia Growth Center (Krogman, 1970). The core sample consisted of 169 white males, 224 black males, 135 white females, and 220 black females. After adjusting for the effects of age, stature and sex, white children averaged 1250 cm3 and black children averaged 1236 cm3. After adjusting for the effects of age, stature and race, boys averaged 1300 cm2 and girls averaged 1186 cm3.

Personality Dimensions of Drug Abusers Who Enter a Drug-Free Therapeutic Community

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Patalano
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Black Females ◽  
White Males ◽  
Drug Free

The MMPI was administered to 160 drug abusers (40 white males, 40 white females, 40 black males, and 40 black females) who entered a residential drug-free therapeutic community. Results indicated that (1) the composite three-point MMPI code for the total sample was 489, (2) the males scored higher than the females on the K, D, Hy, Pt, Do, and Re scales, and lower on the Si scale, (3) the white subjects scored higher than the black subjects on the D, Hy, Pt, and Si scales, and lower on the L scale, and (4) there was no interaction between sex and race in the MMPI scores of the subjects. These data were discussed with respect to previous research and the background characteristics of the subjects.

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