Czech Version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Evaluation and Psychometric Properties

Spirituality and spiritual well-being are connected with many areas of human life. Thus, especially in secular countries, there is a need for reliable validated instruments for measuring spirituality. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale is among the world’s most often used tools; therefore, the aim of this study was its psychometrical evaluation in the secular environment of the Czech Republic on a nationally representative sample (n = 1797, mean age: 45.9 ± 17.67; 48.6% men). A non-parametric comparison of different sociodemographic groups showed a higher disposition for experiencing spirituality among women, older people, and divorced persons. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, negatively worded items were excluded using a polychoric correlation matrix. The new version of the scale consisting of 11 items had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.85; McDonald’s ωt = 0.91). The two-factor model of this shortened version, with factors corresponding to the Religious and the Existential subscales of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, shows a satisfactory fit with the data, where the loadings of all items ranged from medium to high. Thus, this study offered a new version of the tool, convenient for measuring spiritual well-being in secular conditions.

Download Full-text

Psychometric Analysis of the Shortened Version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale on the Slovak Population (SWBS-Sk)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010511 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 511

Author(s):

Peter Tavel ◽

Bibiana Jozefiakova ◽

Peter Telicak ◽

Jana Furstova ◽

Michal Puza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychometric Analysis ◽

Final Version ◽

Slovak Population ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Spiritual Well Being

This study was focused on verifying the factor structure of the shortened version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) on a representative sample of adult Slovak citizens (N = 1018, 49% men, age 18–85 years, and mean age 46.2). The shortened version of the SWBS consists of 10 items divided into two subscales: religious well-being (RWB) and existential well-being (EWB). Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed insufficient parameters of the full two-factor model due to three negatively formulated items. After their exclusion, the two-factor model was found to be valid in the Slovakian population (χ (13) = 53.1, p < 0.001, χ2/df = 4.1, CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.055, and SRMR = 0.028). The reliability of the final version of the SWBS-Sk, consisting of seven positively worded items, is high, with α = 0.86 and ω = 0.94. Religious respondents and women scored significantly higher on the whole scale (p = 0.001) as well as on the two subscales (p < 0.05). A higher age was associated with a higher RWB score (p = 0.001) and a lower EWB score (p = 0.002). The shortened version of the SWBS-Sk consisting of positively worded items was found to be valid and reliable for further use in the Slovak environment.

Download Full-text

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Mindfulness in Teaching Scale

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16132405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 2405 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chunxiao Li ◽

Ying Hwa Kee ◽

Yandan Wu

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Good Internal Consistency ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Measuring teacher mindfulness has implications for understanding and enhancing teachers’ well-being. This study therefore aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Mindfulness in Teaching Scale (MTS-C). Two independent samples (Sample 1 includes 151 in-service teachers, Sample 2 includes 229 pre-service teachers) completed the MTS-C and theoretically relevant measures (i.e., attitudes, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction). In addition, a subsample of Sample 2 completed the MTS-C again one month later. Results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor model of the MTS-C. The MTS-C was generally associated with the concurrent measures. Furthermore, the scale also demonstrated good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. These findings suggest that the MTS-C is a reliable and valid tool for research and practical applications among Chinese teachers.

Download Full-text

Validation of the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised Scale in Chinese Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3959

Author(s):

Wenjie Li ◽

Linting Zhang ◽

Ning Jia ◽

Feng Kong

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Predictive Validity ◽

Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Chinese Undergraduates

The Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised scale (HEMA-R) is one of the most extensively used instruments to assess how people pursue well-being. The main aims of the present research were to translate HEMA-R into Chinese and test its construct and predictive validity as well as measurement invariance across gender. In Study 1, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis with data containing 1090 Chinese undergraduates, and replicated the two-factor model which has been found in other studies. Furthermore, the measurement invariance across gender was supported throughout the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 replicated these results and further found the HEMA-R had satisfactory predictive validity in measures of well-being, social support and smartphone addiction. All the findings indicate that the HEMA-R is reliable and valid to measure hedonic and eudaimonic motives, and it could be applied generally across gender in Chinese adults.

Download Full-text

Maladaptive and Adaptive Cognitions About the Self and Others: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief Core Schemas Scales

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/00332941211063602 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 003329412110636

Author(s):

Bruno Faustino

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

The Self ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Portuguese Population ◽

Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The presence of dysfunctional cognitions about how individuals see themselves and others is a hallmark of psychopathology. The Brief Core Schemas Scale (BCSS) was developed to evaluate adaptive and dysfunctional beliefs about the self and others. This study describes the first psychometric analysis of the BCSS in the Portuguese population. Participants were recruited from community ( N = 320, Mage=27.31, DP = 12.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the BCSS factorial structure. Four-factor model revealed moderate to adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 717.1, (246) p = .01; SRMR = .044; RMSEA = .077; CFI/TLI < .90). Negative views of the self and others correlated positively with early maladaptive schemas, distress, and symptomatology and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. An inversed correlational pattern was found with the positive views of the self and others. Despite the model's moderate adherence to the data, results suggest that the BCSS may be an asset in the assessment of dysfunctional and adaptive cognitions about the self and others. Further analysis is required to deepen the psychometric properties of the BCSS in the Portuguese population.

Download Full-text

The Self-Transcendence Scale

Journal of Holistic Nursing ◽

10.1177/0898010111429849 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 147-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gørill Haugan ◽

Toril Rannestad ◽

Helge Garåsen ◽

Randi Hammervold ◽

Geir Arild Espnes

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

The Self ◽

Mean Square ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Self Transcendence ◽

Fit Index

Purpose: Self-transcendence, the ability to expand personal boundaries in multiple ways, has been found to provide well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensionality of the Norwegian version of the Self-Transcendence Scale, which comprises 15 items. Background: Reed’s empirical nursing theory of self-transcendence provided the theoretical framework; self-transcendence includes an interpersonal, intrapersonal, transpersonal, and temporal dimension. Design: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a sample of 202 cognitively intact elderly patients in 44 Norwegian nursing homes. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed two and four internally consistent dimensions of self-transcendence, explaining 35.3% (two factors) and 50.7% (four factors) of the variance, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the hypothesized two- and four-factor models fitted better than the one-factor model (c x2, root mean square error of approximation, standardized root mean square residual, normed fit index, nonnormed fit index, comparative fit index, goodness-of-fit index, and adjusted goodness-of-fit index). Conclusions: The findings indicate self-transcendence as a multifactorial construct; at present, we conclude that the two-factor model might be the most accurate and reasonable measure of self-transcendence. Implications: This research generates insights in the application of the widely used Self-Transcendence Scale by investigating its psychometric properties by applying a confirmatory factor analysis. It also generates new research-questions on the associations between self-transcendence and well-being.

Download Full-text

Measuring Psychological Well-Being in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610202008013 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (S1) ◽

pp. 79-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Philippa J. Clarke ◽

Victor W. Marshall ◽

Carol D. Ryff ◽

Blair Wheaton

Keyword(s):

Psychological Functioning ◽

Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Canadian Study ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Multidimensional Measure ◽

Positive Psychological Functioning ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CHSA) provided an opportunity to examine the positive aspects of aging. CHSA-2 included the 18-item Ryff multidimensional measure of well-being, which taps six core theoretical dimensions of positive psychological functioning. The measure was administered to 4,960 seniors without severe cognitive impairment or dementia at CSHA-2. Intercorrelations across scales were generally low. At the same time, the internal consistency reliability of each of the 6 subscales was not found to be high. Confirmatory factor analyses provide support for a 6-factor model, although some items demonstrate poor factor loadings. The well-being measures in CSHA-2 provide an opportunity to examine broad, descriptive patterns of well-being in Canadian seniors.

Download Full-text

Social defeat: Concept and measurement in a Hispanic population

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

Yanet Quijada ◽

Loreto Villagrán

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Social Defeat ◽

Well Being ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Personal Goals ◽

Hispanic Population ◽

Two Dimension ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Back Translation ◽

Good Internal Consistency

Introduction. Social defeat (SD) is defined as a feeling of having lost the fight leading to a loss of valuable status or of important personal goals, and has been associated to depression and suicidal behavior, among other disorders. Furthermore, it has been proposed as a mediating variable between social and clinical elements. Objective. To adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Defeat Scale. Method. A back translation into Spanish was carried out. SD, hopelessness, and social well-being were measured in 546 university students (Mean age = 20.93 years, SD = 2.98; 68.7% females). Results. An exploratory factor analysis offered a two-dimension structure in the scale made up by the dimension defeat and triumph. A confirmatory factor analysis found good fit indicators for the two-dimension model (df = 89; χ2 = 188.96; CFI = .942; RMSEA = .061; IFI = .943). Both dimensions present good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > .70). SD was associated to higher levels of hopelessness and lower levels of social well-being. Discussion and conclusion. The Spanish version of the Defeat Scale presents good psychometric properties. Its use can help deepen the understanding of psychopathological phenomena and their link to social elements within the context of Spanish speaking countries.

Download Full-text

Indicators and Index of Elderly Well-Being to Support an Age–Friendly City

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v15i1.16683 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Pipit Festi Wiliyanarti ◽

Hari Basuki Notobroto ◽

Hamidah Hamidah ◽

Erfan Rofiqi

Keyword(s):

Health Program ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Spiritual Well Being ◽

Elderly Health ◽

State Examination

Introduction: Increasing the life expectancy of the elderly raises complex problems concerning the life aspects of the elderly, family, community, and government. A well-being indicator for the elderly is needed as a measurement tool to facilitate Indonesian elderly individuals to becoming more prosperous. The purpose of this study was to develop well-being indicators and to formulate the elderly well-being Index.Methods: This study used an explanatory research design with a quantitative approach. In total, 400 respondents were collected using multistage random sampling. The physical well-being variable used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) instrument, Barthel’s index, and the Disease Complaint questionnaire. In addition, a psychology and social well-being instrument, social well-being instrument, and spiritual instrument were employed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to verify the factor structure of all of the observed variables.Results: The results showed that the indicators for elderly well-being are demographic with the following factor loading: (λ) 0.32, social environment (λ)=0.51, health services (λ)=0.55, physical well-being (λ=0.36 psychological well-being (λ)=0.46, social well-being (λ)=0.45 and spiritual well-being (λ)=0.50. The indicators and index can be used as an effort to drive the program, so then the elderly can become productive, prosperous, and meaningful.Conclusion: The elderly well-being index is expected to be a programmatic instrument that can measure and evaluate the welfare of the elderly. This will increase the elderly health program that is available to achieve more holistic well-being and an age-friendly city.

Download Full-text

Desarrollo y validación de la Escala de Expectativas de Futuro en la Adolescencia (EEFA)

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.32.2.205661 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 545 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yolanda Sánchez-Sandoval ◽

Laura Verdugo

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Academic Expectations ◽

Future Expectations ◽

Family Expectations ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Valid Instrument ◽

Good Internal Consistency ◽

Economic Expectations ◽

Age Range ◽

Item Scale

The aim of this study is to design and validate the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale. We analyze a sample consisting of 1125 participants of both sexes, from Cádiz, with an age range between 11 and 15 years old. Exploratory factorial analysis was performed with the sample 1 (n=551) and it resulted in four factors: economic expectations, academic expectations, expectations of personal well-being and family expectations. The application of the confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the sample 2 (n=574). The factor structure of the scale was confirmed. The model showed a good fit. The reliability and item analyses showed that the scale had good internal consistency. With the aim of determining construct validity, the data obtained by the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale were compared with other instruments that assess self-esteem and life satisfaction. We expected to get positive relationship between them. It was concluded that the 14-item scale is a valid instrument to evaluate adolescents’ future expectations.

Download Full-text

Tracking Emotional and Behavioral Changes in Childhood: Does the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire Measure the Same Constructs Across Time?

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment ◽

10.1177/0734282916655503 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 643-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Edward M. Sosu ◽

Peter Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Ordinal Data ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Questionnaire Measure ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Competing Models ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Three Factor

R. Goodman’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is widely used to measure emotional and behavioral difficulties in childhood and adolescence. In the present study, we examined whether the SDQ measures the same construct across time, when used for longitudinal research. A nationally representative sample of parents ( N = 3,375) provided data on their children at ages 4, 5, and 6 years. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for ordinal data, two competing models (three-factor model vs. five-factor model) were tested to establish equivalence across time. Results showed that the five-factor model had a superior fit to the data compared with the alternative three-factor model which only achieved an adequate fit at a configural level. Strong longitudinal factorial invariance was established for the five-factor parent version of the SDQ. Our findings support the use of the SDQ in longitudinal studies and provide the important psychometric information required for basing educational, clinical, and policy decisions on outcomes of the SDQ.

Download Full-text