ImGo: A Novel Tool for Behavioral Impulsivity Assessment Based on Go/NoGo Tasks

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110404
Author(s):  
Č. Šašinka ◽  
D. Lacko ◽  
J. Čeněk ◽  
S. Popelka ◽  
P. Ugwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Internet Browser ◽  
Anti Saccades ◽  
Behavioral Impulsivity

This manuscript aims to present a novel behavioral impulsivity test ImGo, which is suitable for impulsivity assessment in the general population. A series of three studies was conducted to validate its psychometric qualities. In Study 1 we describe the principles of ImGo and verify its test-retest and split-half reliability and its convergent validity with an impulsivity self-report scale and Stop Signal test. In Study 2 we re-analyze the convergent validity of ImGo with a Stop Signal test and examine the potential relationship between ImGo and oculomotor inhibition measured by an Anti-Saccades test. In Study 3 we present a robust research with a large sample size and investigate the discriminant validity of ImGo with tests of other related cognitive and executive processes. Backed by our findings from these studies we can safely claim ImGo is a powerful tool with a good level of reliability (both test-retest and split-half) and validity (convergent and discriminant). Its potential lies in its use in diagnostic and research practice of experts from various countries as the test has already been translated to 9 languages so far. The open-source Hypothesis platform, on which the ImGo test is running, provides the option of both individual and group testing in laboratory conditions as well as remotely through an internet browser.

scholarly journals NCOG-70. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A NEW SELF-REPORT INDEX OF COGNITIVE CONCERNS IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii145-ii145
Author(s):  
Giuliana Zarrella ◽  
Alice Perez ◽  
Jorg Dietrich ◽  
Michael Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract INTRODUCTION Subjective cognitive dysfunction is an important outcome measure in neuro-oncology and may provide additional information beyond performance-based neuropsychological testing. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) is a frequently used quality of life (QoL) measure that includes indices of physical, emotional, social, and neurologic aspects of disease, but does not measure cognitive concerns. This study seeks to develop and validate an index of self-reported cognition derived from existing items on the FACT-Br. METHODS 145 patients (Mage=51.08, Medu=15.63) with heterogeneous brain tumor diagnoses completed neuropsychological evaluation including cognitive testing and self-report measures. Nine FACT-Br items regarding cognition were combined to form the Cognitive Index (CI). Reliability of the CI was measured with Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the CI with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cognitive Abilities-8 or PROMIS Cognitive Concerns-8. Discriminant validity was assessed by correlation of the CI with other FACT-Br indices and the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI, BAI). RESULTS Internal consistency within the CI was high (Cronbach’s a 0.864). The CI correlated strongly with the PROMIS-Abilities (r =.680; p< 0.001) and PROMIS-Concerns (r=.780; p< 0.001) indicating high convergent validity. Moderate correlations were observed between the CI and the physical and functional subscales of the FACT (r=.453 and .555), whereas correlations with the social and emotional functioning subscales were weaker (r=.381 and .325). The FACT-Br-CI correlated strongly with BDI (r=-.622) and more weakly with the BAI (r=-.344). Consistent with prior literature, the CI showed modest correlations with neuropsychological measures, including verbal memory encoding (r=.300), verbal fluency (r=.252) and a composite measure of cognition (r=.249; all p’s< .01). CONCLUSIONS The FACT-Br-CI is a reliable and valid measure of self-reported cognition. Studies that include the FACT-Br could be retrospectively analyzed to assess self-reported cognitive outcomes, enriching the information gained from prior research.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie H Bromberg ◽  
Rocio de la Vega ◽  
Emily F Law ◽  
Chuan Zhou ◽  
Tonya M Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Screening Measure ◽  
Brief Screening

Abstract Objective Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder that is particularly common among adolescents with health conditions. We aimed to develop and validate a brief screening measure of insomnia in adolescents that can be used across clinical and community samples. We hypothesized that we would identify evidence supporting reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and that we would determine preliminary clinical cutoff scores. Methods A team of experts in behavioral sleep medicine developed a 13-item brief screening measure of insomnia in adolescents (Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire [AIQ]). We evaluated the psychometric properties of the AIQ in a sample of 315 youth (11–18 years old, Mean = 14.90, SD = 2.02; 64% female) who had chronic pain (n = 37), headache (n = 170), insomnia diagnosed by a sleep specialist (n = 22), or were otherwise healthy (n = 86). Results Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, we identified three subscales consistent with major diagnostic criteria of insomnia. As expected, the measure showed strong reliability through high internal consistency (α =.91). We also found strong convergent validity through expected positive relationships between the AIQ and self-report measures of sleep disturbance, and divergent validity via weak relationships with parent-report of snoring. Results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) identified a clinical cutoff score that may assist in clinical decision making. Conclusions We found that the AIQ has sound psychometric properties in a large heterogeneous sample of treatment-seeking youth and youth from the community. The AIQ can quickly screen adolescent insomnia and could address an important clinical need in identifying youth in need of insomnia treatment in pediatric practice settings.

Associations Among the MCMI-II Clinical Syndrome Scales and the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales

Assessment ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Blais ◽  
Kenneth B. Benedict ◽  
Dennis K. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Axis I

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—II (MCMI-II), a frequently used self-report measure of psychopathology, contains nine scales designed to assess Axis I psychopathology (the clinical syndrome and severe syndrome scales). This study explored the relationships among these nine MCMI-II clinical syndrome scales and the clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2). A sample of 108 psychiatric inpatients was administered both the MCMI-II and the MMPI-2 within 7 days of admission. Pearson correlation coefficients and principal component factors were obtained for the MCMI-II and MMPI-2 scales. The results provided support for the convergent validity of all the MCMI-II Axis I scales. However, the majority of the MCMI-II scales failed to demonstrate adequate discriminant validity in relation to the MMPI-2 scales. The principal component analysis revealed that method variance was the principal influence in determining factor loadings for the majority of test scales. This finding suggests that these two popular self-report tests differ substantially in how they measure psychopathology.

Development and preliminary evaluation of the anxiety in cognitive impairment and dementia (ACID) scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1825-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Gerolimatos ◽  
Caroline M. Ciliberti ◽  
Jeffrey J. Gregg ◽  
Sarra Nazem ◽  
Patricia M. Bamonti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
General Physical

ABSTRACTBackground:Although rates of anxiety tend to decrease across late life, rates of anxiety increase among a subset of older adults, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Our understanding of anxiety in dementia is limited, in part, by a lack of anxiety measures designed for use with this population. This study sought to address limitations of the literature by developing a new measure of anxiety for cognitively impaired individuals, the anxiety in cognitive impairment and dementia (ACID) Scales, which includes both proxy (ACID-PR) and self-report (ACID-SR) versions.Methods:The ACID-SR and ACID-PR were administered to 45 residents, aged 60 years and older, of three long-term care (LTC) facilities, and 38 professional caregivers at these facilities. Other measures of anxiety, and measures of depression, functional ability, cognition, and general physical and mental health were also administered.Results:Initial evaluation of its psychometric properties revealed adequate to good internal consistency for the ACID-PR and ACID-SR. Evidence for convergent validity of measures obtained with the ACID-SR and ACID-PR was demonstrated by moderate-to-strong associations with measures of worry, depressive symptoms, and general mental health. Discriminant validity of measures obtained with the ACID-SR and ACID-PR was demonstrated by weak correlations with measures of cognition, functional ability, and general physical well-being.Conclusions:The preliminary results suggest that the ACID-SR and ACID-PR can obtain reliable and valid measures of anxiety among individuals with cognitive impairment. Given the subjective nature of anxiety, it may be prudent to collect self-report of anxiety symptoms even among those with moderate cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Psychometric Qualities Evaluation of the Interdependent Happiness Scale across Malaysia, Philippines, and India

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Chee-Seng Tan ◽  
Shue-Ling Chong ◽  
Argel Bondoc Masanda ◽  
Sanju George
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Cultural Usability ◽  
Interdependent Happiness

The nine-item Interdependent Happiness Scale (IHS; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015) is a self-report of interpersonal happiness that focuses on three dimensions: relationship-oriented happiness, quiescent happiness, and ordinary happiness. Few studies have evaluated the psychometric properties of the IHS in diverse cultural backgrounds and the findings are inconsistent. This study investigated whether the IHS has sound psychometric qualities in three Asian countries. University students from Malaysia (n = 263), Philippines (n = 239), and India (n = 310) answered the IHS and self-rated creativity scale. Confirmatory factor analysis on each sample supported the nine-item second-order model with error covariances. The overall IHS score showed good reliability in all samples. The subscales, however, had mixed results except for the Indian sample. Similarly, the convergent validity test showed mixed results while discriminant validity is supported in all samples except for the quiescent happiness subscale in the Indian sample. Concurrent validity was established across three samples by showing a positive relationship with creativity score. The results highlight that the higher-order structure of the IHS is consistently supported in different cultural contexts. However, some of the items are perceived differently and require further improvement in enhancing the cross-cultural usability of the IHS to measure socially-oriented happiness.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor and Activity Psychosis-Risk (SMAP-R) Scale: An Exploration of Scale Structure With Replication and Validation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S F Damme ◽  
Jason Schiffman ◽  
Lauren M Ellman ◽  
Vijay A Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Individualized Medicine ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Psychosis Risk

Abstract Background Sensorimotor abnormalities precede and predict the onset of psychosis. Despite the practical utility of sensorimotor abnormalities for early identification, prediction, and individualized medicine applications, there is currently no dedicated self-report instrument designed to capture these important behaviors. The current study assessed and validated a questionnaire designed for use in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). Methods The current study included both exploratory (n = 3009) and validation (n = 439) analytic datasets—that included individuals identified as meeting criteria for a CHR syndrome (n = 84)—who completed the novel Sensorimotor Abnormalities and Psychosis-Risk (SMAP-R) Scale, clinical interviews and a finger-tapping task. The structure of the scale and reliability of items were consistent across 2 analytic datasets. The resulting scales were assessed for discriminant validity across CHR, community sample non-psychiatric volunteer, and clinical groups. Results The scale showed a consistent structure across 2 analytic datasets subscale structure. The resultant subscale structure was consistent with conceptual models of sensorimotor pathology in psychosis (coordination and dyskinesia) in both the exploratory and the validation analytic dataset. Further, these subscales showed discriminant, predictive, and convergent validity. The sensorimotor abnormality scales discriminated CHR from community sample non-psychiatric controls and clinical samples. Finally, these subscales predicted to risk calculator scores and showed convergent validity with sensorimotor performance on a finger-tapping task. Conclusion The SMAP-R scale demonstrated good internal, discriminant, predictive, and convergent validity, and subscales mapped on to conceptually relevant sensorimotor circuits. Features of the scale may facilitate widespread incorporation of sensorimotor screening into psychosis-risk research and practice.

The Fear of Being Laughed at, Social Anxiety, and Paranoid Ideation: A Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Multitrait–Multimethod Data

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110109
Author(s):  
Jorge Torres-Marín ◽  
Hugo Carretero-Dios ◽  
Michael Eid
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The GELOPH-15 is a self-report measure that assesses individual differences in the fear of being laughed at (i.e., gelotophobia), a relatively understudied but important trait that is closely related to social anxiety. Using a multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) approach, the convergent and discriminant validity of the GELOPH-15 scale was examined based on 217 self- and 651 peer ratings (of three close acquaintances per target) of the traits gelotophobia, social anxiety, and paranoid ideation. Participants completed the Spanish versions of the GELOPH-15, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the Paranoia Scale. Applying MTMM models of multilevel confirmatory factor analyses (ML-CFA-MTMM) revealed relatively high associations between the self- and peer ratings, supporting the convergent validity of the GELOPH-15. Discriminant validity analyses confirmed the expected relationship patterns of gelotophobia with social anxiety and paranoid ideation (i.e., strong, but not perfect associations). The results showed that the ML-CFA-MTMM models might be a useful tool for analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity based on self- and peer ratings.

The Self-Report Delinquency Scale From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Among At-Risk for Delinquency Youths

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pechorro ◽  
Katinea Moreira ◽  
Miguel Basto-Pereira ◽  
João Pedro Oliveira ◽  
James V. Ray
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Add Health ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study

Juvenile delinquency is a universal problem, with serious personal, economic, and social consequences that span national boundaries. Thus, cross-culturally valid and reliable measures of delinquency are critical to providing a better understanding of the causes, correlates, and outcomes of delinquency. The main aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the self-report delinquency measure items created for the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). A sample (N = 412) of male (n = 200) and female (n = 212) at-risk for delinquency youths agreed to participate in the present study. The measure demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, namely in terms of its two-factor structure (violent and nonviolent delinquency), internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and known-groups validity. Findings suggest the Add Health Self-Report Delinquency (AHSRD) is an interculturally valid and reliable measure of violent and nonviolent delinquency among at-risk male and female youths.

Anxiety Symptoms

2017 ◽  
pp. 206-231
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
Michael W. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Measures

This chapter reviews the convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity of symptoms of the DSM-5 anxiety disorders; these include panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder/social phobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Symptom measures of social anxiety/social phobia, panic disorder, claustrophobia, and GAD generally displayed impressive construct validity in these data. Specifically, they tended to show strong convergent validity and significant discriminant validity across both self-report and interview-based measures; moreover, they displayed substantial criterion validity and impressive incremental validity in relation to conceptually linked DSM diagnoses. One problem, however, is that they generally showed poor diagnostic specificity; that is, although they correlated substantially with their target diagnoses, they often displayed equally strong relations with at least some other internalizing disorders. In contrast, self-report measures of agoraphobia and specific phobia (particularly the latter) generally exhibited unimpressive criterion and incremental validity in these analyses.

scholarly journals Validation of an emotional stop-signal task to probe individual differences in emotional response inhibition: Relationships with positive and negative urgency

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239821282110582
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. D. Allen ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson ◽  
Taylor A. Burke ◽  
M. McLean Sammon ◽  
Christina Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Commission Errors

Performance on an emotional stop-signal task designed to assess emotional response inhibition has been associated with Negative Urgency and psychopathology, particularly self-injurious behaviors. Indeed, difficulty inhibiting prepotent negative responses to aversive stimuli on the emotional stop-signal task (i.e. poor negative emotional response inhibition) partially explains the association between Negative Urgency and non-suicidal self-injury. Here, we combine existing data sets from clinical (hospitalised psychiatric inpatients) and non-clinical (community/student participants) samples aged 18–65 years ( N = 450) to examine the psychometric properties of this behavioural task and evaluate hypotheses that emotional stop-signal task metrics relate to distinct impulsive traits among participants who also completed the UPPS-P ( n = 223). We specifically predicted associations between worse negative emotional response inhibition (i.e. commission errors during stop-signal trials representing negative reactions to unpleasant images) and Negative Urgency, whereas commission errors to positive stimuli – reflecting worse positive emotional response inhibition – would relate to Positive Urgency. Results support the emotional stop-signal task’s convergent and discriminant validity: as hypothesised, poor negative emotional response inhibition was specifically associated with Negative Urgency and no other impulsive traits on the UPPS-P. However, we did not find the hypothesised association between positive emotional response inhibition and Positive Urgency. Correlations between emotional stop-signal task performance and self-report measures were the modest, similar to other behavioural tasks. Participants who completed the emotional stop-signal task twice ( n = 61) additionally provide preliminary evidence for test–retest reliability. Together, findings suggest adequate reliability and validity of the emotional stop-signal task to derive candidate behavioural markers of neurocognitive functioning associated with Negative Urgency and psychopathology.

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