Objective comparison of the softness of Australian Soft Rolling Skin wool and ordinary Merino wool

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110428
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Christopher Hurren ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xungai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issue ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Australian Merino

Australian Merino wool is well-known in the wool market for its top quality, and the bulk of it is used in apparel where softness is a key factor for consumers. However, the ethical issue of mulesing is driving textile manufacturers and retailers to purchase non-mulesed wool from other sources instead of Australian mulesed wool. Australian Soft Rolling Skin (SRS) wool, grown on non-mulesed sheep, has been perceived to have a softer handle than ordinary Merino (OM) of the same diameter. In this research, three different methods were deployed to objectively compare the softness of SRS and OM wool. The force required to pull a bundle of clean wool through a series of parallel pins, that is, the pulling force, was used to evaluate the combined effect of fiber bending rigidity and surface friction. SRS wool resulted in lower pulling force than OM wool, with a difference of 15 cN/ktex (approximately 12.5%). According to the Resistance to Compression test results, SRS wool (4.5–5.7 kPa) was easier to compress than OM wool (5.4–6.5 kPa). The modified Resistance to Compression method showed different compression profiles for the two types of wool, and the slope of the decreasing curve (SDC) was used to study the softness property, with lower SDC values representing softer handle. These results confirm that over a fixed diameter range the SRS wool was more compressible and flexible, and this should result in a softer handle for clothing made from the fiber.

scholarly journals Compression Test on Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Back-to-Back Channels Stub Columns

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 2900-2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chui Huon Tina Ting ◽  
Hieng Ho Lau
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Effective Width ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Direct Strength Method ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Stub Column ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Stub Columns

Built-up sections are used to resist load induced in a structure when a single section is not sufficient to carry the design load for example roof trusses. In current North American Specification, the provision has been substantially taken from research in hot-rolled built-up members connected with bolts or welds [1]. The aim of this paper is to investigate on built-up back-to-back channels stub columns experimentally and theoretically using Effective Width Method and Direct Strength Method. Compression test was performed on 5 lipped channel and 5 back-to-back channels stub columns fabricated from cold-formed steel sheets of 1.2mm thicknesses. The test results indicated that local buckling is the dominant failure modes of stub columns. Therefore, Effective Width Method predicts the capacity of stub columns compared to Direct Strength Method. When compared to the average test results, results based on EWM are 5% higher while results based on DSM are 12% higher for stub column.

Size Effect on Mechanical Properties of LVL

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
Qing Fang Lv ◽  
Ji Hong Qin ◽  
Ran Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Relationship

Laminated veneer lumber is taken as an object of study, and use LVL specimens of different sizes for compression test and tensile test. The goal of the experiment is to investigate the size effect on compressive strength and tensile strength as well as the influence of the secondary glued laminated face, which appears in the secondary molding processes. The results show that both compressive strength and tensile strength have the size effect apparently and the existence of the secondary glued laminated face lower the compressive strength of LVL specimens. Afterwards, the relationship between compressive strength and volume along with tensile strength and area are obtained by the test results.

Reply to comments of D. H. Zeuch

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1959-1960
Author(s):  
Hu Gengxiang ◽  
Chen Shipu ◽  
Wu Xiaohua ◽  
Chen Xiaofu
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Compression Testing ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specimen Length ◽  
The Difference

Compression test results of our research on Al3Ti-base alloys are reported. It is evident that the specimen length-to-width ratio we used for compression testing can significantly reflect the difference in ductility of different alloys. Thus the tests fulfilled the aim of our present research.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Transverse Effective Bending Rigidity of Segmental Lining Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yong-feng Tang ◽  
Han-cheng Chen ◽  
Zhen-wei Ye ◽  
Ting-jin Liu ◽  
Yu-bing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Equation ◽  
Shield Tunnel ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Segmental Lining ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Elastic Stage

The transverse effective rigidity ratio is a key parameter when the uniform rigidity ring model is adopted to design or numerically analyse segmental lining structures commonly used on a shield-driven tunnel. Traditionally, the transverse effective rigidity ratio η is treated as a constant, which can be evaluated through theoretical analysis and model tests. In this study, scale models were designed and tested to investigate the variation of the transverse effective rigidity ratio in the segmental linings’ flattening deformation process. The test results suggested that in the elastic stage, the transverse effective rigidity ratio fluctuated between 0.667 and 0.734 for the stagger-jointed rings and fluctuated between 0.503 and 0.642 for the straight-jointed rings. When segmental linings were squashed and started to crack at the circumferential joints, the transverse effective rigidity ratio decreases sharply. Then, a regression equation was obtained to fit the variation trend of η with the increase of horizontal convergence to the outer-diameter ratio (ΔD/Dout). Finally, in a case study, the regression equation was adapted to determine the value of η of an operated shield tunnel which was once surcharged accidentally and deformed severely so as to numerically predict the prospective deformation induced by the upcoming adjacent excavation. Numerical results indicated that as the value of η decreases, the horizontal convergences of shield tunnel induced by adjacent excavation increase significantly and even more than doubled in the case study. Comparatively, through taking account of the operating tunnels’ exiting transverse deformation, the predicted deformation tends to be unfavourable.

Visual ratings of “softness/hardness” of rotating fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Naohito Jimba ◽  
Tomoharu Ishikawa ◽  
Yoshiko Yanagida ◽  
Hiroshi Mori ◽  
Kazuya Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Rotary Motion ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acceleration Rate ◽  
Fabric Drape ◽  
Key Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the optimal rotary motion conditions to create drapes in fabric to visually convey tactile “softness/hardness” and identify key physical factors in visual evaluations of fabric “softness/hardness” via videos of fabric draping. Design/methodology/approach Subjects evaluated visually and by touch, the “softness/hardness” of fabrics draped over a cylinder. In the visual evaluation experiment, subjects were presented with 16 videos of the movement of fabric drapes when the cylinder was rotated (four rotation speeds and four angular acceleration rates) and they evaluated the “softness/hardness” of each fabric visually. By examining the “softness/hardness” ratings in the two experiments, the optimal rotary motion condition that conveyed fabric “softness/hardness” was identified. Changes in the shape of fabric drape when moving under optimal rotary motion conditions were analyzed to determine key physical factors that affected visual evaluations of fabric “softness/hardness.” Findings Optimal rotary motion conditions (rotation speed and angular acceleration rate) that expressed each fabric’s “softness/hardness” appropriately were identified. Additionally, the magnitude of change in the angle of fabric drape when rotating under optimal rotary motion conditions was the key factor used in visual evaluation of each fabric’s “softness/hardness.” Originality/value The conditions needed to produce visual images that convey fabric “softness/hardness” only through visual information (i.e. without touching the fabric) were identified, based on the fabric’s bending rigidity. The magnitude of change in the angle of fabric drape enabled accurate visual judgments of fabric “softness/hardness.”

CSG well testing—Santos' experience in Queensland

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Czek Hoong Tan ◽  
Guncel Demircan ◽  
Mathias Satyagraha
Keyword(s):  
Radial Flow ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Transient Behaviour ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Primary Porosity

Permeability of the cleat system is a key factor controlling the productivity of CSG reservoirs and, therefore, the commerciality of development projects. Well testing is routinely used to provide representative values of coal permeability. The authors’ experience has shown pressure transient behaviour in coal reservoirs to be similar to those in primary porosity systems, with pseudo radial flow frequently observed, and the dual-porosity signature largely absent. Despite the authors’ best efforts in test design, large permeability variation and extremely high skin factors have been seen. The authors have run variations of drill stem tests (DSTs), injection tests, and wireline tests to understand the dependency of results to test methods, and the validity of results obtained. Pertinent examples of each type of test are discussed. Finally, recommendations to reconcile well test results to actual well performance are presented.

The Agouti gene: a positional candidate for recessive self-colour pigmentation in Australian Merino sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Parsons ◽  
M. R. Fleet ◽  
D. W. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Mapping ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Positional Candidate ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
Agouti Gene ◽  
Mapping Information ◽  
Australian Merino

The occurrence of self-colour pigmentation in the Australian Merino wool flock is of considerable economic importance. The Agouti gene is believed to be responsible for the recessive expression of pigmented fleece. Using comparative mapping information we have investigated the putative homologous ovine map positon of the Agouti gene for linkage to the recessive self-colour phenotype of Australian Merino sheep. Significant results were observed with microsatellites previously mapped to ovine chromosome 13. Comparative data suggest that the ovine Agouti gene would map to the same chromosome, making the Agouti gene a positional candidate for the self-colour phenotype.

scholarly journals Using Fatigue Characteristics to Analyse Test Results for 16Mo3 Steel under Tension-Compression and Oscillatory Bending Conditions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Fatigue Characteristics ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Plastic Components

In this study, 16Mo3 steel was analysed for fatigue tests under tension-compression and oscillatory bending conditions. The analysis involved a comparison of fatigue test results obtained using the Manson-Coffin-Basquin, Langer and Kandil models and the models proposed by Kurek-Łagoda. It was observed that it is possible to substitute the basic tension-compression test performed in large testing machines with oscillatory bending tests carried out on a simple, modern test stand. The tests were performed under oscillatory bending on a prototype machine. The testing of 16Mo3 steel proved that the best-known Mason-Coffin-Basquin fatigue characteristic describes the results of all of the experimental tests very well, but the model can only be used when it is possible to divide strains into elastic and plastic components. It should be emphasised here that there is no such possibility in the case of tests performed under oscillatory bending conditions. It was proven that the proposed test method can substitute the tension-compression test very well and be a much more cost efficient way to obtain LCF material fatigue properties.

scholarly journals Soil-concrete for use in the 3D printers in the construction of buildings and structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Iubin ◽  
Lubov Zakrevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Cost

Nowadays, the construction of cement composite using 3D printers is considered one of the most promising methods of automation of building processes. However, the compositions of cement composites have several disadvantages, such as high cost, short workability and etc. It has been suggested that clay soil as an additive will help to solve these problems partially. The aim of the work is development the cement compositions with clay soil, for use in 3D printers to construction. The composite consists of cement paste with clay soil and additives. To study printability of a composite the rheological properties in a fresh state were studied. The study of the rheological properties of composites was carried out using a flow table test for mortar. The key factor for determining the suitability of the composite for printing was accepted the diameter of the cone after shaking. The test results showed the possibility of replacing cement paste with clay soil up to 25% which leads to a reduction in the cost and an increase in printability with a slight decrease in the strength of the obtained material to 7%. Utilizing of soil from the construction site provides maximum economic efficiency of the material application.

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