Commentary on the Johannine Prologue

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Newman
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Neutral Language ◽  
Power Of God

This article is a translation of Hildegard's commentary on the Johannine prologue, taken from her Book of Divine Works, with an introduction emphasizing the themes of the divine image and the holiness of the human body as an analogue of both the cosmos and the creative power of God. The note introducing the translation comments on Hildegard's prophetic, pictorial style and explains why her highly gendered thought cannot be rendered in contemporary gender-neutral language.

Gender Indeterminacy in Translation: the Case of R. L. Stine’s Give Yourself Goosebumps Gamebooks via Portuguese Translation

2018 ◽  
pp. 329-345
Author(s):  
Ana Brígida Paiva
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Second Person ◽  
The North ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Literary Systems ◽  
Second Person Perspective ◽  
Neutral Language

As works of fction, gamebooks offer narrative-bound choices – the reader generally takes on the role of a character inserted in the narrative itself, with gamebooks consequently tending towards being a story told in the second-person perspective. In pursuance of this aim, they can, in some cases, adopt gender-neutral language as regards grammatical gender, which in turn poses a translation challenge when rendering the texts into Portuguese, a language strongly marked by grammatical gender. Stemming from an analysis of a number of gamebooks in R. L. Stine’s popular Give Yourself Goosebumps series, this article seeks to understand how gender indeterminacy (when present) is kept in translation, while examining the strategies used to this effect by Portuguese translators – and particularly how ideas of implied readership come into play in the dialogue between the North-American and Portuguese literary systems.

scholarly journals Pronoun Production Order in a Gender-Neutral Language: A Single Case Study of a Typically Developing Indonesian Child

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Bernard A. J. Jap
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Production Order ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Jakarta Indonesian ◽  
Neutral Language

<p>Research in children with normal language development has shown that there is a certain order in the production and learning of pronominal forms. To one’s knowledge, there has yet to be a study on the pronoun development of Indonesian speaking children whose native language do not distinguish<br />between the nominative-accusative form (e.g. in English, I/me – Indonesian, <em>saya</em>/<em>saya</em>) and at the same time being gender neutral (e.g. in English, he/she – Indonesian, <em>dia</em>/<em>dia</em>). The present study follows the personal pronoun development of a (Jakarta) Indonesian-speaking child from 24 months to 46 months of age.</p>

In their own voices: Development of English as a gender-neutral language

English Today ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Brutt-Griffler ◽  
Sumi Kim
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
English Learner ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Neutral Language ◽  
Learning English

This study explores how learning English among one subset of English learners, Asian female international students at US colleges, contributes to the larger project of advancing gender equality. Using their narratives, we ask why Asian female international students invest so much of their identities and effort into learning English. We discuss the ways in which their endeavours may even silently promote the development of English as a gender-neutral language. The population of Asian students offers a compelling case of how the English language is potentially transformed via its spread to this English learner population and how it presents new avenues for identity formation for the growing number of female English users worldwide (cf. Brutt-Griffler, 2010: 232).

The Angels in Sūrat al-Malāʾika: Exegeses of Q. 35:1

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-70
Author(s):  
S.R. Burge
Keyword(s):  
Creative Power ◽  
Power Of God

The opening aya of Q. 35 (Sūrat al-Malāʾika or Sūrat al-Fāṭir) is one of only a few which describe the relationships between God, humans and angels: it attests to the creative power of God and describes the angels as winged messengers, the only aya in which angels are portrayed in this way. However, two of the most important words in this aya are often passed over without comment or consideration by modern translators and commentators alike: malak (malāʾika) and fāṭir, which are usually given the translations ‘angel’ or ‘messenger’ and ‘Creator’ respectively. The precise meanings of malak and fāṭir are not the only difficulties in this aya that appear to have posed problems. The three distributive adjectives found in the aya (mathnā, thulāth and rubāʿ) tend in modern translations to be given interpretations not found in the classical exegeses of the aya. This article will discuss the implications of the various different interpretations of these five terms, and explore whether they are best translated following the modern translators or the classical exegetes.

The imago Dei as a Refractive Symbol

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Adam Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Image Of God ◽  
Imago Dei ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Power Of God

This chapter focuses on two key themes constructive accounts of the imago Dei must address: the continuing relevance of the image/likeness distinction beyond its original exegetical framing and how what we mean by ‘image’ might be better theologically rendered as ‘symbol.’ Situating the doctrine in the wider biblical cosmogony from which it arises, while focusing on three historical theologians—Irenaeus, Augustine, and Schleiermacher—the chapter builds a case for what constitute inescapable elements of this symbol. Building on this historical recapitulation, it is argued that to be the image of God is to be a symbol of God: one who refracts the creative power of God evidenced in cosmogonies to facilitate the flourishing intra-action of living systems with the habitable environment. The consequence of this approach is that to be the imago Dei is not something properly ascribed to any individual organism as a marker of distinctiveness, but it describes a particular type of astrobiological intra-action that extends the creative power of the divine as a refraction, not merely a reflection.

scholarly journals Aspects of Gender Neutral Language in Selected English and Polish Translations of the New Testament

Open Theology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Gomola
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Neutral Language

AbstractGender neutral language has been one of the most hotly debated issues in Bible translation in recent decades, especially in translations into English. The article presents some aspects of this problem expanding the perspective and comparing gender neutral language usage in modern translations of Scripture into English and Polish: the New International Version and the Paulist Bible and the Poznan Bible, with occasional references to other English and Polish translations. Renditions of selected New Testament terms such as anthrōpos, anēr, adelphos/adelphoi and huioi are examined, as well as English and Polish translations of diakoneo when it describes women accompanying Jesus in the synoptic gospels. Translations of “Junia/Junius” (Rom 16:7) are also compared as well as the issue of Phoebe the “deaconess” in Rom 16:1. The author concludes that solutions concerning gender neutral language in English and Polish translations of the Bible, sometimes similar, are not identical due to differences between these languages, due to different socio-linguistic norms characterizing Polish and English audiences respectively and due to the fact that the English translation is addressed to the evangelical Christians, while the Polish ones to the Catholics.

We’ve Come a Long Way, Guys! Rhetorics of Resistance to the Feminist Critique of Sexist Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Sherryl Kleinman ◽  
Martha Copp ◽  
Kalah B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Sexist Language ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
The Status ◽  
Neutral Language

We provide a qualitative analysis of resistance to calls for gender-neutral language. We analyzed more than 900 comments responding to two essays—one on AlterNet and another on Vox posted to the Vox editor’s Facebook page—that critiqued a pervasive male-based generic, “you guys.” Five rhetorics of resistance are discussed: appeals to origins, appeals to linguistic authority, appeals to aesthetics, appeals to intentionality and inclusivity, and appeals to women and feminist authorities. These rhetorics justified “you guys” as a nonsexist term, thereby allowing commenters to continue using it without compromising their moral identities as liberals or feminists. In addition to resisting an analysis that linked their use of “you guys” to social harms, commenters positioned the authors who called for true generics as unreasonable, divisive, and authoritarian. We conclude with suggestions for how feminists can challenge the status quo and promote social change.

scholarly journals The Words Change Everything: Haunting, Contagion and The Stranger in Tony Burgess’s Pontypool

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Evelyn Deshane ◽  
R. Travis Morton
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Horror Film ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
Neutral Language

In 2018, O Canada ’s lyrics were made gender neutral. This change comes at a time when certain key public figures refuse to use gender neutral language. The linguistic tension and ideological divide within Canada creates a haunted feeling around certain minority groups, leaving everyone feeling out of place. This article examines how viral ideas and word choices spread through media technologies via the ‘word virus’. We use the figure of the zombie to show how the word virus becomes bad ideology, one that spreads and takes over certain spaces and enacts the presence of the insider/outsider. To reflect on ‘word viruses’ gone awry, we borrow and build on scholarship from the emerging field of hauntology made popular by Jacques Derrida and Avery Gordon. Ultimately, we present Tony Burgess’s horror novel Pontypool Changes Everything turned Canadian horror film Pontypool as a speculative case study, since Burgess’s texts suggest that what is more infectious than the zombie-outsider is the insider’s own language, which identifies and labels the outsider. By positing a possible cure for the word virus within Pontypool , the film adaptation suggests that the ways in which we cease becoming infected with bad ideas is not to stop speaking or isolate ourselves through quarantine, but deliberately seek out the stranger in order to challenge and change the meaning of words.

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