scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Survey of Risky Travel and Leisure Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110486
Author(s):  
Jay E. Maddock ◽  
Courtney Suess
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Preexisting Conditions

Purpose COVID-19 is largely spread through close contact with infected people in indoor spaces. Avoiding these spaces is one of the most effective ways to slow the spread. This study assessed who had engaged in risky travel and leisure behaviors before the availability of vaccines. Design National cross-sectional on-line survey collected in November and December 2020. Setting: United States; Participants: 2589 adults representative by gender and race/ethnicity to the US population; Measures: The survey assessed if people had resumed 11 risky behaviors during the pandemic, prior to vaccines. Independent variables included age, race/ethnicity, region of the country, education, income, preexisting conditions, perceived severity and susceptibility, positive COVID diagnosis, and political ideology. Analysis Univariate analysis and logistic regressions were used to assess demographic and psychological factors of those resuming these behaviors. Results: Most (60.3%) of people had resumed at least 1 behavior with eating inside of restaurants (33.2%) and visiting family and friends (37.5%) being the most prevalent. In the multivariate analyses, perceived susceptibility was significant across all behaviors. Young people, fiscal conservatives, and people with higher perceived severity were more likely to perform several of the behaviors. Preexisting conditions did not predict any of the behaviors. Conclusions Travel and leisure behaviors vary by type of risk and may need specific tailored, prevention messages to promote risk reduction during future pandemics.

Relationship between the Responsiveness of Service Providers with Patient Satisfaction at Three Conventional Radiography Services in Denpasar

2016 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Cokorda Istri Ariwidyastuti ◽  
P.P. Januraga ◽  
Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Background and purpose: Patient satisfaction, including on radiography services, is an important component of health care provision. Surveys on patient satisfaction have been carried out particularly in government hospitals, but a more detailed study to determine the relationship between patient satisfaction with the responsiveness of service providers has yet to be carried out. This study aims to determine the relationship between the six domains of responsiveness of service providers and outpatient satisfaction at three conventional radiography facilities in Denpasar.Methods: Study was conducted by cross-sectional survey of 158 respondents selected consecutively in three conventional radiography services, namely a government hospital, a private hospital and a private radiology clinic. Data were collected through interviews using modified questionnaires on responsiveness from WHO. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi-square test) and multivariate logistic regression method.Results: Univariate analysis indicated that patient satisfaction was 69% but still below the minimum service standards (>80,0%). Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated with satisfaction were the domain of attention (AOR= 3.77; 95%CI: 1.62-8.76), the quality of infrastructure (AOR=4.57; 95%CI: 1.61-12.93) and communication (AOR=6.30; 95%CI: 1.75-22.64).Conclusion: Patient satisfaction was generally still below the standard. Domains of responsiveness associated with patient satisfaction were the quality of infrastructure, level of attention and communication skills of service providers.

scholarly journals Syrian mothers, why to accept or to refuse HPV vaccine for their teen girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Saad ◽  
Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gynecological Examination

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) ranks the eighth most frequent cancer among Syrian women with crude incidence rates 1.4 per 100, 000 populations per year. This study aimed to test the acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among mothers of schoolgirls in sixth-grade class. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted through a structured and self-administrated questionnaire. A total of 400 Syrian mothers of schoolgirls were selected randomly by the cluster sampling method in Aleppo city, Syria, in 2011. Significant variables from univariate analysis were included in an enter technique multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The response rate was 86%. If the vaccine was free, 282 (81.7%) mothers would accept the vaccine for themselves and 236 (68.4%) for their daughters, respectively. However, the acceptance rate grossly decreased to 24.6% and 15.1%, respectively, if the vaccine was not provided free. The high cost of the HPV vaccine and lack of knowledge were the significant barriers for mothers' acceptance of the HPV vaccine. Protection of daughters and the trust with health authority were the main encouraging reasons to accept the HPV vaccine. Findings from logistic regression analysis revealed that the employed mothers (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.4), with a positive history of gynecological examination (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6–2.9) and having sound knowledge (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.0–5.7) are independent factors related to the acceptance of the HPV vaccine for their daughters. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that mothers from different cultural backgrounds, including Syrian mothers, are holding different beliefs on privacy and health that may affect their willingness to accept the HPV vaccine.

scholarly journals Sex-Based Differences in the Association between Nutrition Label Awareness and the Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Soo Jin Kwon ◽  
Yoonjung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Nutrition Label ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrition Labels ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Relationship

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic allergic disease with multifactorial causation. Although its association with diet has been demonstrated, it remains unclear whether the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among adults is associated with nutrition label awareness. Nutrition label awareness indicates knowledge of the existence of nutrition labels on processed food, and the use of them for food selection. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the relationship between nutrition label awareness and the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among men and women using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013–2015), including a nationally representative sample of 13,505 Korean adults (aged > 19 years). The relationship between the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and nutrition label awareness was evaluated using t-tests, χ2 tests and multivariate adjusted logistic regression analysis. Although univariate analysis showed that atopic dermatitis was associated with nutrition label awareness in both men and women, after adjustment for covariates, there was no significant association among men. The significant association between the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and nutrition label awareness among women reveals a sex-based difference in this relationship in adults, and atopic dermatitis may be managed and prevented among women by targeted education regarding nutrition labels and diet.

Homosexuality and Entrepreneurship

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minet Schindehutte ◽  
Michael Morris ◽  
Jeffrey Allen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Bisexual

Attempts to understand the heterogeneous nature of the population of entrepreneurs are relatively few in number, and focus largely on gender, race, ethnicity, age and educational differences. The experiences of many other key cohorts have been ignored, including those of gay, lesbian and bisexual (GLB) individuals. This paper examines the concept of ‘gay identity’ within an entrepreneurial context, and investigates underlying patterns in the structure of the GLB entrepreneurial community. Results are reported of a cross-sectional survey targeted at a sample of GLB entrepreneurs. The study represents the first national sample of these entrepreneurs. Overall trends are identified in the motives, attitudes, perceptions and management practices of GLB entrepreneurs. Cluster analysis is then employed to identify and characterize two distinct subgroups of GLB entrepreneurs, labelled ‘identifiers’ and ‘independents’. A number of theoretical and managerial implications are drawn from the findings.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Syphilis Infection and Its Associated Factors in the General Population of Rwanda: A National Household-Based Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwumvaneza Mutagoma ◽  
Eric Remera ◽  
Dieudonné Sebuhoro ◽  
Steve Kanters ◽  
David J. Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background. The prevalence of syphilis among HIV-infected people is a public health concern, but there is limited literature to describe the true burden of syphilis in resource-limited settings. We conducted this survey in 2013 to estimate the prevalence of syphilis. Methods. A cross-sectional survey. Participants were tested for syphilis and HIV. Factors associated with syphilis infection were identified. Results. The prevalence of syphilis was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.7–1.1). This prevalence was higher in the 25–49-year-old age (1.1% [95% CI: 0.8–1.3]) than in the 15–24-year-old age (0.6% (95% CI: 0.4–0.9)). Women with lower education had a higher prevalence of syphilis (1.2% (95% CI: 0.9–1.5)) compared to others (0.4% (95% CI: 0.2–0.8)). This prevalence among HIV-infected people was six times higher: 4.8% (95% CI: 2.9–7.9) compared to HIV-negative people (0.8% (95% CI: 0.6–1.0)). The prevalence of syphilis among HIV-infected females was 5.9% (95% CI: 3.4–10.0). HIV-infected or concurrent sexual partners was associated with increased syphilis prevalence with aOR = 4.2 (95% CI: 2.5–7.2) and aOR = 4.2 (95% CI: 2.8–6.5), respectively. Conclusions. The prevalence of syphilis was significantly higher among HIV-infected patients. HIV infection and concurrent sexual partners are associated with an increased prevalence of syphilis. Preventing HIV might help in preventing syphilis.

scholarly journals Involvement of perinatal health professionals to reduce the exposure of pregnant women to chemicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sauvant-Rochat ◽  
L Bernard ◽  
M Pelissier ◽  
C Marie ◽  
D Lémery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Perinatal Health ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cleaning Products

Abstract Background During pregnancy, reducing exposure to chemicals is obvious to many pregnant women (PW), and also perinatal health professionals (PHP), but few of them are aware that these substances are present in everyday products (cleaning products, DIY products, gardening products, personal health care products, cosmetics, food plastic wrappers etc.). AIM This study aimed to estimate the perception of risks related to chemicals by PW, and also to describe the advice provided by PHP to PW. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed among French PW. Interviewers, using a standardized questionnaire, collected data anonymously. Data focused on socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, perception of environmental risks, identification of chemicals by PW, and preventive advices performed by PHP. Statistical analysis (univariate analysis - logistic regression) were done with Modalisa® 8.0 software (Kynos, Paris). Results 300 PW (29.5 +/- 5 years old) were included. They report a relatively high level of sensitivity to environmental issues (SE Score = 6.3 ± 1.7, on a Likert 0-10 scale). When asked about the level of risk associated with 15 environmental risks, pregnant women placed exposure to chemicals in only twelfth position. Two thirds of PW were interested by the composition of everyday products, and looked at the ingredients mentioned on the labels, but most of them declared that the information present on the labels were not comprehensible. An interest for organic products was noted. These behaviors were related to the age, socio-occupational status, perception of environmental risks. For most of PW, the main sources of information on chemicals were the Internet and medias. Only 5% PW identified PHP as potential interlocutors on this topic. Conclusions For most PW, everyday products were not identified as health risk products. To date, it is important to strengthen the information provided to PW by PHP on the risks linked o chemicals during pregnancy. Key messages Exposures to chemicals present in everyday products (DIY, cleaning products, cosmetics, food plastic wrappers etc.) are not well identified by pregnant women and by perinatal health professionals. Exposure to chemicals must be reduced during pregnancy and health promotion messages must integrate this advice to promote healthy behaviors.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and retrospective mortality in a refugee camp, Dagahaley, Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260989
Author(s):  
Etienne Gignoux ◽  
Frida Athanassiadis ◽  
Ahmed Garat Yarrow ◽  
Abdullahi Jimale ◽  
Nicole Mubuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Mortality Survey

Background Camps of forcibly displaced populations are considered to be at risk of large COVID-19 outbreaks. Low screening rates and limited surveillance led us to conduct a study in Dagahaley camp, located in the Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya to estimate SARS-COV-2 seroprevalence and, mortality and to identify changes in access to care during the pandemic. Methods To estimate seroprevalence, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of individuals (n = 587) seeking care at the two main health centres and among all household members (n = 619) of community health workers and traditional birth attendants working in the camp. A rapid immunologic assay was used (BIOSYNEX® COVID‐19 BSS [IgG/IgM]) and adjusted for test performance and mismatch between the sampled population and that of the general camp population. To estimate mortality, all households (n = 12860) were exhaustively interviewed in the camp about deaths occurring from January 2019 through March 2021. Results In total 1206 participants were included in the seroprevalence study, 8% (95% CI: 6.6%-9.7%) had a positive serologic test. After adjusting for test performance and standardizing on age, a seroprevalence of 5.8% was estimated (95% CI: 1.6%-8.4%). The mortality rate for 10,000 persons per day was 0.05 (95% CI 0.05–0.06) prior to the pandemic and 0.07 (95% CI 0.06–0.08) during the pandemic, representing a significant 42% increase (p<0.001). Médecins Sans Frontières health centre consultations and hospital admissions decreased by 38% and 37% respectively. Conclusion The number of infected people was estimated 67 times higher than the number of reported cases. Participants aged 50 years or more were among the most affected. The mortality survey shows an increase in the mortality rate during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. A decline in attendance at health facilities was observed and sustained despite the easing of restrictions.

scholarly journals College Students’ Perceptions of a Safe Spring Break Event

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shonna L. Snyder ◽  
Lauren Misera
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spring Break ◽  
Student Counseling ◽  
National College Health Assessment

The most recent National College Health Assessment (2007) revealed that college students are engaging in risky health behaviors that are putting them at risk for death, disease, and injury. Studies suggest that certain college student risk behaviors, such as consuming alcohol, increases around certain times of the year and at certain events. Event specific prevention (ESP) programs have been introduced to many college campuses in order to address these risky behaviors. ESP is a strategy designed to reduce risk behaviors around certain events or during times of the year when risk behaviors increase. The purpose of this study was to determine college students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of a Safe Spring Break ESP program. A cross sectional survey, conducted with 223 students from a large Southeastern university, revealed that 89.9% learned something new at the event and 84.5% reported the information would be helpful while on spring break. Also, many students felt the event was effective or extremely effective at increasing their knowledge regarding specific health behaviors surrounding spring break. This study encourages universities to invest in implementing ESP programs. Recommendations for student wellness, student counseling, and student services regarding ESP programs are included.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal exposure routes for infants: a nested cross-sectional survey in Nha Trang, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Qian ◽  
Michiko Toizumi ◽  
Samuel Clifford ◽  
Lien Thuy Le ◽  
Tasos Papastylianou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contact Behaviour ◽  
Bayesian Logistic Regression ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

Background: Infants are at highest risk of pneumococcal disease. Their added protection through herd effects is a key part in the considerations on optimal pneumococcal vaccination strategies. Yet, little is currently known about the main transmission pathways to this vulnerable age group. Methods and findings: We conducted a nested cross-sectional contact and nasopharyngeal swabbing survey in randomly selected infants across all 27 communes of Nha Trang, Vietnam. Bayesian logistic regression models were used to estimate age specific carriage prevalence in the population, a proxy for the probability that a contact of a given age could lead to pneumococcal exposure for the infant. We used another Bayesian logistic regression model to estimate the correlation between infant carriage and the probability that at least one of their reported contacts carried pneumococci, controlling for age and locality. In total 1583 infants between 4 and 13 months old participated, with 7428 contacts reported. Few infants (5%) attended day care and carriage prevalence was 22%. Most infants (61%) had less than a 25% probability to have had close contact with a pneumococcal carrier on the surveyed day. Pneumococcal infection risk and contact behaviour were highly correlated: if adjusted for age and locality the odds of an infant's carriage increased by 22% (95%CI:15-29) per 10 percentage points increase in the probability to have had close contact with at least one pneumococcal carrier. Two to six year old children contributed 51% (95%CI: 39-63) to the total pneumococcal exposure risks to infants in this setting. Conclusions: Cross-sectional contact and infection studies can help identify pneumococcal transmission routes. In Nha Trang, preschool age children are the largest reservoir for pneumococcal transmission to infants.

scholarly journals Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK; a cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise E. Smith ◽  
Richard Amlôt ◽  
Helen Lambert ◽  
Isabel Oliver ◽  
Charlotte Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
List Type ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures due to COVID-19 in the UK.DesignOnline cross-sectional survey.SettingData were collected between 6th and 7th May 2020.Participants2240 participants living in the UK aged 18 years or over. Participants were recruited from YouGov’s online research panel.Main outcome measuresHaving gone out in the last 24 hours in those who reported symptoms of COVID-19 in their household. Having gone out shopping for items other than groceries, toiletries or medicines (non-essentials), and total number of outings, in the last week in those who reported no symptoms of COVID-19 in their household.Results217 people (9.7%) reported that they or someone in their household had symptoms of COVID-19 (cough or high temperature / fever) in the last seven days. Of these people, 75.1% had left the home in the last 24 hours (defined as non-adherent). Factors associated with non-adherence were being male, less worried about COVID-19, and perceiving a smaller risk of catching COVID-19. Adherence was associated with having received help from someone outside your household. Results should be taken with caution as there was no evidence for associations when controlling for multiple analyses. Of people reporting no symptoms in the household, 24.5% had gone out shopping for non-essentials in the last week (defined as non-adherent). Factors associated with non-adherence and with a higher total number of outings in the last week included decreased perceived effectiveness of Government “lockdown” measures, decreased perceived severity of COVID-19, and decreased estimates of how many other people were following lockdown rules. Having received help was associated with better adherence.ConclusionsAdherence to self-isolation is poor. As we move into a new phase of contact tracing and self-isolation, it is essential that adherence is improved. Communications should aim to increase knowledge about actions to take when symptomatic or if you have been in contact with a possible COVID-19 case. They should also emphasise the risk of catching and spreading COVID-19 when out and about and the effectiveness of preventative measures. Using volunteer networks effectively to support people in isolation may promote adherence.WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPICThe UK Government introduced “lockdown” measures, including physical or ‘social’ distancing, on 23rd March 2020 due to COVID-19.Government guidance states that people with symptoms of COVID-19 should not leave their home, also known as self-isolation.There is no research investigating adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures, or factors associated with self-isolation or lockdown measures in the UK.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSApproximately 10% of participants indicated that they had had symptoms of potential COVID-19 (cough and high temperature / fever) in the last week. Of these participants, 75% had left their home in the last 24 hours.Factors associated with non-adherence to self-isolation measures included being male, less worried about COVID-19, and perceiving a smaller risk of catching COVID-19. However, these results should be taken with caution as there was no longer evidence for associations when correcting for multiple analyses.25% of people who reported no symptoms in their household reported having gone out shopping for items other than groceries, toiletries or medicines in the last week; this was not allowed by Government guidelines in place at the time of data collection.Factors associated with non-adherence to lockdown measures, and increased number of outings in the last week, included decreased perceived effectiveness of Government “lockdown” measures, decreased perceived severity of COVID-19, and decreased estimates of how many other people were following lockdown rules.

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