Linezolid-Associated Posterior Reversible Leuco-encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient with Disseminated Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552110531
Author(s):  
Laxmikant Ramkumarsingh Tomar ◽  
Neha Pandita ◽  
Sakshi Arya ◽  
CS Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Catastrophic Event ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Disseminated Tuberculosis ◽  
Altered Sensorium

Neurological side-effects of linezolid manifesting as a posterior reversible leuco-encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is rare. Early identification of this offending drug might reverse this catastrophic event. We report a 45-year-old female, who was diagnosed as a case of disseminated tuberculosis and was treated with antitubercular drugs (ATT), but later developed ATT-induced hepatitis. She was then put on modified ATT (moxifloxacin, terizidone, and linezolid). In the next two days she developed an altered sensorium. Brain imaging was suggestive of PRES. Linezolid was withdrawn, following which she showed an excellent clinical and radiological recovery.

scholarly journals DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS: RECENT APPROACH IN POLYMER BASED NANOMEDICINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessy Shaji ◽  
Mahmood Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Drug Delivery ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
High Doses

<p>Tuberculosis (TB) had been a leading chronic bacterial infection since decades. Current therapeutic management of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is inadequate due to the lengthy course of treatment, drug-related side effects and ill-planned therapy, and these factors can lead to therapeutic failure and the emergence of drug-resistant TB. The Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) TB needs a lengthy course of treatment with second-line antitubercular drugs (ATDs) having higher side effects and cost. The misuse of second-line ATDs may result in extremely drug-resistant (XDR) strain which is very difficult to treat and require high doses of drugs resulting in more toxicity and side effects. This review highlights the need for novel drug delivery for the treatment of drug-susceptible and resistant TB. The characteristics of the nanoparticulate system in ATDs delivery and its approach in the MDR and XDR TB are discussed. The lung is the site of infection in pulmonary TB and the targeted drug delivery to the site of infection helps in achieving increased efficacy with less dose further reducing the side effects and toxicity. The symbiotic association of nanotechnology and pulmonary drug delivery give rise to an efficient inhalable polymer based nanoparticulate system containing ATDs for the better management of drug-susceptible and resistant TB. Various ATDs loaded polymer based nanocarrier systems like Alginate, PLGA, Chitosan and Gelatin nanocarriers are discussed in detail. Thus, this review highlights the current research in pulmonary drug delivery of polymer based ATDs nanomedicine and their importance in control of drug-resistant TB.</p>

scholarly journals Drugs and nutrition: how side effects can influence nutritional intake

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca White
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Drug History ◽  
Alternative Drug ◽  
The Impact

There are many factors that can influence nutritional intake. Food availability, physical capability, appetite, presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and perception of food are examples. Drug therapy can negatively influence nutritional intake through their effect on these factors, predominantly due to side effects. This review aims to give a brief overview of each of these factors and how drug therapy can affect them. Specific examples are given for each section and an indication of the impact on nutritional status. This article aims to assist the clinician in the identification of the effects of drug therapy on nutritional intake and provides advice on appropriate intervention. A drug history and side effect review should form an integral part of nutritional assessment. Early identification and effective therapeutic use of alternative drug therapy can also positively influence nutritional intake.

scholarly journals Acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder associated with immunosuppressive agent use three years after renal transplantation: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okwudili N. K. Obayi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agent ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

<p class="abstract">Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressive agent used to prevent graft-versus-host disease after organ transplantation. Though a beneficial drug that contributes in the post-transplant life of patients, it comes with various side effects including, though rarely, psychiatric manifestations such as psychosis.<strong> </strong>Reported here is the case of a 21 year old lady with no prior psychiatry history with apparent tacrolimus-induced schizophrenia-like psychosis. Withdrawal of the immunosuppressant led her to full recovery from the mental problem. To the best of my knowledge, there are only few reports that describe psychosis induced by tacrolimus but none of such reports is from Nigeria, a country with increasing demand for kidney transplant. Clinicians are reminded to regularly watch out for mental status changes in post-transplant patients as early identification of any aberration with immediate reduction of the dosage or substitution of the drug would save both the patient and the already emotionally and financially-stressed family from further distress.</p>

scholarly journals Response to Modified Antitubercular Drug Regime and Antiretroviral Therapy in a Case of HIV Infection with Disseminated Tuberculosis with Isoniazid Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Swami ◽  
Bhaskar Gupta ◽  
Prithwiraj Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Disseminated Tuberculosis ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Life Threatening

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by widespread erythema, necrosis, and bullous detachment of the epidermis and mucous membranes. Without proper management,TEN can cause sepsis leading to death of the patient. Though TEN is commonly drug induced, Isoniazid (INH) has been uncommonly associated with TEN. As INH is one of the first line drugs in treatment of tuberculosis, TEN induced INH needs modification of antitubercular therapy (ATT) with withdrawal of INH from the treatment regime along with other supportive treatments. Patients with HIV infection and disseminated tuberculosis need to be urgently initiated on an effective ATT on diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, if the patient develops potential life-threatening toxicity to first line antitubercular drugs like INH, an alternative effective ATT combination needs to be started as soon as the condition of the patient stabilizes as most of these patients present in advanced stage of HIV infection and this is to be followed by antiretroviral therapy (ART) as per guidelines. The present case reports the effectiveness of an ATT regime comprising Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, and Levofloxacin along with ART in situations where INH cannot be given in disseminated tuberculosis in HIV patients.

scholarly journals One-Year Course of Olanzapine-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mohammed Zain Ulabedin Adhoni ◽  
Roomiyah Riyaz Assadi ◽  
Saira Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
One Year

Second-generation antipsychotics, despite being highly effective, are among the drugs known to cause insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, eventually leading to diabetes mellitus and less commonly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Here, we present the case of a 21-year-old male, who was not previously known to have any comorbid factors but presented with DKA 1 year and 9 months after beginning treatment with olanzapine for an unspecified psychotic disorder requiring hospital admission and the resolution of the same following discontinuation of the drug. Our case report emphasizes the need for regular screening of patients requiring diabetogenic drugs, so that early identification of possible side effects can be noted and averted.

Gastric Ulcers Produced by Cisplatin

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J. San Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Toxicity ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Inner Surface

Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)) a potent antitumor agent is now available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It is however, not free from its serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, gastro intestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. Here we now report that the drug produces peculiar bloating of the stomach in rats and induces acute ulceration.Wistar-derived rats weighing 200-250 g were administered cisplatin(9 mg/kg) ip as a single dose in 0.15 M NaCl. After 3 days the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The stomachs were removed, the contents analyzed for pepsin and acidity. The inner surface was examined with a dissecting microscope after a moderate stretching for ulcers. Affected areas were fixed and processed for routine electron microscopy and enzyme cytochemistry.The drug treated animals kept on food and water consistently showed bloating and lesions (Fig. 1) with a frequency of 6-70 ulcers in the rumen section of the stomachs.

Effects of cisplatin treatment on the rat neurohypophysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J.M. Fadool ◽  
P.J. Boyer ◽  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently one of the most valuable antineoplastic drugs available. However, it has severe toxic side effects of which nephrotoxicity is the major dose limiting factor in its use. It induces morphological changes in the kidney with hampered urine output. The present study is an effort to determine the influence of the drug on the neurohypophysis for any antidiuretic effects on the kidney.

A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McCanna ◽  
Giacinto DeLapa
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

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