Screening for depression in Andean Latin America: Factor structure and reliability of the CES-D short form and the PHQ-8 among Bolivian public hospital patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Schantz ◽  
Chelsea Reighard ◽  
James E Aikens ◽  
Amparo Aruquipa ◽  
Bismark Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Two Measures

Objective We assessed the validity and reliability of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) short form and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) (two measures of depressive symptoms) among urban, low-income patients from a heavily indigenous area of Andean Latin America. This is a patient population that is in many ways culturally distinct from the populations that have been included in previous Spanish language validation studies of these instruments. Methods We administered the CES-D Yale version short form and the PHQ-8 to 107 outpatients at public hospitals in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia. We conducted exploratory factor analysis, checked internal reliability, and examined concordance between the two measures in identifying patients with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Results Internal reliability was high for both scales: PHQ-8 (Cronbach’s α = 0.808) and CES-D (α  = 0.825). A one-factor solution for the PHQ-8 was maintained after the removal of one poorly loading item. The CES-D showed a two-factor solution, with items for somatic symptoms and interpersonal problems loading on the same factor as negative affect. Using both the cutoff for depression recommended in prior studies and a sample specific cutoff of ≥1 standard deviation above the mean, the two scales demonstrated only moderate agreement (κ = 0.481–0.486). Conclusions The PHQ may be more appropriate for clinical use in the Andean region, given its greater specificity; however, lower than expected agreement between the scales suggests that they also measure different elements of depression. Irregularities with the factor structure of both scales suggest that further research with this population is needed to better understand depressive symptomology and improve screening in the region.

scholarly journals Decomposing differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and their counterparts in mainland China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhou ◽  
Fuzhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Urban Migrant ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Abstract Background There has been an increase in older rural-to-urban migrant workers (aged 50 and above) in mainland China, little known about their depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify depressive symptoms among older rural-to-urban migrant workers, as well as explored the factors leading to differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and their rural counterparts (older rural dwellers) and urban counterparts (older urban residents) in mainland China. The results provided a comprehensive understanding of the depressive symptoms of older rural-to-urban migrant workers, and had great significance for improving the depressive symptoms for this vulnerable group. Methods Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2015, and coarsened exact matching (CEM) method was employed to control confounding factors. This study employed a Chinese version 10-item short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D 10) to measure depressive symptoms, and used the Social-Ecological Model as a framework to explore influential factors related to depressive symptoms. Specifically, the approach of Fairlie’s decomposition was used to parse out differences into observed and unobserved components. Results After matching, our findings indicated that the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older rural-to-urban migrant workers was lower than older rural dwellers; and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older rural-to-urban migrant workers was higher than older urban residents. Fairlie’s decomposition analysis indicated that type of in-house shower, sleeping time at night and ill in the last month were proved to be major contributors to the differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and older rural dwellers; self-reported health and sleeping time at night were proved to be major contributors to the differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and older urban residents. Conclusions Differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and their rural and urban counterparts did exist. Our findings contributed to a more reliable understanding in depressive symptoms among older rural-to-urban migrant workers. Our findings would be of referential significance for improving older rural-to-urban migrant workers’ depressive symptoms.

The Pain Catastrophizing Scale—short form: psychometric properties and threshold for identifying high-risk individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1665-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheung-Tak Cheng ◽  
Phoon Ping Chen ◽  
Yu Fat Chow ◽  
Joanne W. Y. Chung ◽  
Alexander C. B. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing Scale ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Clinically Significant

ABSTRACTObjective:The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) measures three aspects of catastrophic cognitions about pain—rumination, magnification, and helplessness. To facilitate assessment and clinical application, we aimed to (a) develop a short version on the basis of its factorial structure and the items’ correlations with key pain-related outcomes, and (b) identify the threshold on the short form indicative of risk for depression.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Social centers for older people.Participants:664 Chinese older adults with chronic pain.Measurements:Besides the PCS, pain intensity, pain disability, and depressive symptoms were assessed.Results:For the full scale, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the hypothesized 3-factor model fit the data moderately well. On the basis of the factor loadings, two items were selected from each of the three dimensions. An additional item significantly associated with pain disability and depressive symptoms, over and above these six items, was identified through regression analyses. A short-PCS composed of seven items was formed, which correlated at r=0.97 with the full scale. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted against clinically significant depressive symptoms, defined as a score of ≥12 on a 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. This analysis showed a score of ≥7 to be the optimal cutoff for the short-PCS, with sensitivity = 81.6% and specificity = 78.3% when predicting clinically significant depressive symptoms.Conclusions:The short-PCS may be used in lieu of the full scale and as a brief screen to identify individuals with serious catastrophizing.

Psychometric Assessment of the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory in a Sample of Low-Income Single Mothers

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Lutenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Adolescent Parenting

The Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI) is a 32-item inventory widely used to identify adolescents and adults at risk for inadequate parenting behaviors. It includes four subscales representing the most frequent patterns associated with abusive parenting: (a) Inappropriate Expectations; (b) Lack of Empathy; (c) Parental Value of Corporal Punishment; and (d) Parent-Child Role Reversal. Although it has been used in a variety of samples, the psychometric properties of the AAPI have not been examined in low-income single mothers. The purposes of this study were to: (a) examine the reliability and validity of the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI) in a sample of 206 low-income single mothers; (b) assess the mother’s risk for inadequate parenting by comparing their AAPI subscale scores with normative subscale scores on the AAPI; (c) assess the construct validity of the AAPI by testing the hypothesis that mothers with lower AAPI scores have a higher level of depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem in comparison to mothers with higher AAPI scores; and (d) determine whether the 4-factor structure proposed by Bavolek (1984) could be replicated. AAPI scores indicated these mothers were at high risk for child abuse when compared with normative data for parents with no known history of abuse. Higher risk for abusive parenting was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms, less education, and unemployment. The subscales, Inappropriate Expectations and Parental Value of Corporal Punishment demonstrated poor internal consistency with Cronbach’s alphas of .40 and .54, respectively. Hypothesis testing supported the construct validity of the AAPI. Bavolek’s 4-factor structure was not supported. A 19-item modified version of the AAPI with three dimensions was identified. This modified version of the AAPI may provide a more efficacious tool for use with low-income single mothers.

Impact of a Peer-Delivered Telephone Intervention for Women Experiencing a Breast Cancer Recurrence

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 2093-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Cook Gotay ◽  
Carol M. Moinpour ◽  
Joseph M. Unger ◽  
Caroline S. Jiang ◽  
Dorothy Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Telephone Intervention

Purpose A first breast cancer recurrence creates considerable distress, yet few psychosocial interventions directed at this population have been reported. The Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase III randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief telephone intervention. Patients and Methods Three hundred five women experiencing a first recurrence of breast cancer were randomly assigned to standard care or intervention. The intervention consisted of four to eight telephone calls delivered over a 1-month period. The calls were conducted by trained peer counselors at a breast cancer advocacy organization, the Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization, and followed a standard curriculum. Psychosocial distress (Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System–Short Form [CARES-SF]) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) outcomes were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months. The 3-month assessment was the primary end point and is the focus of this article. Results Analysis revealed no differences in distress or depressive symptoms at 3 months between the intervention and control groups; at 3 months, 70% of control patients and 66% of intervention patients reported psychosocial distress, and 40% of control patients and 47% of intervention patients exhibited depressive symptoms. Conclusion Telephone peer counseling did not lead to better psychosocial outcomes. The persistent distress in these women supports the urgent need for the development and testing of more intensive or different supportive interventions for this group of patients.

Depressiveness in preoperative period and postoperative recovery of orthopedic patients - preliminary results of prospective study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
D. Ignjatovic Ristic ◽  
V. Janjic ◽  
B. Ristic ◽  
B. Radmanovic
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Orthopedic Patients

IntroductionDepression is often occurred after surgical interventions and may have serious consequences on postoperative recovery. The treatment of early discovered depressive symptoms may have strong influence on the recovery of operated orthopedic patients.Simple and quick instrument for detection and evaluation of depressive symptoms could be of great use to doctors.Work objectives are1) determine the prevalence of depressiveness in preoperative period in patients with scheduled surgical interventions, and2) validation of Geriatric Depression Scale - short form (GDS-SF) in detection of depressiveness.MethodA sample of 120 orthopedic patients is the part of larger sample in prospective research of depressiveness in patients in preoperative period with scheduled surgical interventions (except cardio-surgical). For estimation of depressiveness we used battery of tests (GDS-SF, BDI - Beck's depression scale, MDI - major depressive disorder questionnaire), and patients were tested 3 times: to 14 days prior the surgery, 7 and 90 days after the surgery. Validation of GDS-SF was examined compared to BDI according to age and gender of examinees.ResultsIn preliminary sample of 120 orthopedic patients with scheduled orthopedic interventions, prevalence of depressiveness is greater than prevalence of depressiveness in general population (p < 0.001). Depressiveness is much more present in women than in men (p < 0.001). Correlation of depressive scores in BDI and in GDS-SF is satisfactory for all age groups.ConclusionPreliminary results indicate on further research of depressiveness in preoperative period in order to confirm validation of GDS-SF as simpler alternative for early detection of depressiveness.

scholarly journals Assessment of self-efficacy for caregiving in oncology: Italian validation of the caregiver inventory (CGI-I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Serpentini ◽  
B. Guandalini ◽  
G. Tosin ◽  
L. Ronconi ◽  
G. Cristaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background The Caregiver Inventory (CGI), a measure of self-efficacy for caregiving that takes into account aspects of caregiving that are neglected by current measures of caregiving, was translated into Italian and validated. Methods Ninety-one caregivers from a variety of locations in Italy completed the CGI-Italian (CGI-I) as well as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Family Strain Questionnaire - Short Form (FSQ-SF). Results A confirmatory factor analysis based on the original CGI factor structure resulted in an adequate fit of the CGI-I using standard fit indices. Thus, the original factor structure was validated in the CGI-I: Managing Medical Information (α = 0.87), Caring for Care Recipient (α = 0.68), Caring for Oneself (α = 0.78), and Managing Difficult Interactions/Emotions (α = 0.55). The CGI-I total score was inversely related to anxiety (HADS, r = − 0.35, p = <.05), and depression (HADS, r = − 0.45, p = <.05). In addition, the CGI-I was inversely related to caregiver stress (FSQ-SF, r = − 0.39, p = <.05). Care of Oneself and Managing Difficult Interactions/Emotions emerged as the strongest and most robust negative relationships with anxiety, depression, and caregiver stress, which replicated, with similar constructs, findings from the original CGI. Conclusions The results of this study established the CGI-I as a reliable and valid measure of self-efficacy for caregiving. This study also confirms the importance of self-care and managing difficult communication in the process of successfully navigating the demands of caregiving and in constructing interventions for caregivers who need support.

scholarly journals Psychosocial barriers and enablers of exclusive breastfeeding: lived experiences of mothers in low-income townships, North West Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantell Beverley Witten ◽  
Nicole Claasen ◽  
Herculina S Kruger ◽  
Anna Coutsoudis ◽  
Herman Grobler
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Despite national efforts to promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), South Africa’s EBF rate is only 32%. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of EBF discontinuation and the lived experiences of breastfeeding mothers at postnatal time points 3-14 days, 4-8 weeks, 10-14 weeks and 20-24 weeks. Methods This community-based mixed-methods study collected data within a prospective cohort study on socio-demographics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) at 6-8 weeks with infant feeding data collected at 4-8, 10-14 and 20-24 weeks from 159 mothers living in low income areas. Six focus groups with 32 mothers with infants aged 6-24 weeks were conducted. Descriptive statistics was used for the quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Results The majority of mothers were unmarried (84.9%), living with family (69.2%) and unemployed (74.2%). EBF decreased from 34% at 4-8 weeks to 9.7% at 20-24 weeks. Mixed feeding with infant formula increased from 17.0% to 50.1% and food feeding from 3.1% to 54.2%. While there were no statistically significant associations between EBF and any of the quantitative socio-demographic variables, in the qualitative data, codes associated with barriers were more than enablers. The themes were Mothers’ attributes (wellbeing, experiences and relationships) with the code mother’s stress the strongest barrier, Mother’s knowledge, attitudes and practices of breastfeeding with the code conventional medicines the strongest barrier , Family environment with the code home setting the strongest barrier, Social environment with public spaces and places a barrier and in Baby cues the code baby stomach ailments the barrier. Within these same themes mother’s positive emotions , benefits of breastfeeding , support in the home , access to information and services from health professionals and baby’s health were strong enabling factors. Conclusions Low EBF, high mixed feeding and a high EPDS score were explained by the barriers identified in the qualitative data. The data suggests that mothers from low-income households would be better supported through interventions that address food insecurity; family relationships and those that build confidence in mothers and resilience in confronting difficult and hostile breastfeeding environments.

Subgroups with typical courses of depressive symptoms in an elderly population during 13 years of observation: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 799-809
Author(s):  
Miriam Engel ◽  
Karl-Heinz Jöckel ◽  
Nico Dragano ◽  
Miriam Engels ◽  
Susanne Moebus
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study ◽  
Large Fluctuations

Background: Depressive symptoms are volatile over time but empirical studies of intra-individual variations of depressive symptoms over longer periods are sparse. Aims: We aim to examine fluctuation patterns of depressive symptoms and to investigate the possible influence of age, sex and socioeconomic factors on fluctuation in a population-based sample over a period of 13 years. Methods: We used data of 4,251 participants (45–75 years; 51.0% women at baseline) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study with at least two of nine possible measurements obtained in the period between 2000 and 2017. Depressive symptoms were assessed via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) short form. Based on the individual mean values and standard deviation from all measurements, we categorized participants as G1 ‘stable low’, G2 ‘stable high’, G3 ‘stable around cutoff’ and G4 ‘large fluctuations’. Results: Most participants (82.3%) showed stable low depressive symptoms (G1), whereas 2.3% performed stable high values (G2), 6.9% stable around the cutoff (G3) and 8.6% large fluctuations (G4). Conclusion: Our longitudinal results reveal that almost 18% (G2, G3 and G4) of the participants have an increased depression score or strong fluctuations at times. According to our classification, a higher proportion of the participants show anomalies with regard to depression compared to a simple classification into depressed and nondepressed, especially if this is based on a single measurement. Thus, longitudinal measurements of depression can prevent misclassification and provide valuable information about the course of depressive symptoms for a better understanding of the changes of depression.

GEJALA DEPRESI POSTPARTUM MEMPENGARUHI KEBERHASILAN ASI EKSKLUSIF : Sistematik Literatur Riview

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Nova Arami ◽  
Surahma Asti Mulasari ◽  
Ummu Hani EN
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan satu-satunya makanan yang sempurna dan terbaik bagi bayi karena mengandung unsur-unsur gizi yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi yang optimal. Namun ada beberapa penyebab ibu tidak memberikan ASI secara eksklusif seperti tidak mendapatkan dukungan dari suami/keluarga, penghasilan, usia, pendidikan yang menyebabkan terjadinya depresi postpartum sehingga menghambat proses laktasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menyimpulkan dan memeriksa literature (examine literature) apakah gejala depresi pada ibu postpartum berhubungan dengan  keberhasilan pemberian ASI. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi appraisal dengan Critical Appraisal Joana Brigs Institute, dan metode sintesis menggunakan PEOS. Pencarian dibatasi pada studi yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris dan menyajikan data periode 2012-2019. Studi yang terindentifikasi ditinjau menggunakan PRISMA Flowchart. Studi dengan desain kuantitatif terkait gejala depresi postpartum mempengaruhi keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Hasil penelitian adalah depresi postpartum diukur menggunakan EPDS (Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale) yang dilakukan pada ibu postpartum usia 2-6 minggu pascapersalinan. Gejala depresi dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pemberian ASI dan beberapa faktornya karena kurangnya dukungan emosional, pendidikan, pengetahuan, pendapatan yang rendah, dan terdapat riwayat depresi sebelumnya. Namun hal yang paling dominan terjadinya depresi postpartum yaitu kurangnya dukungan suami/keluarga. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah gejala depresi postpartum dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan ASI eksklusif dikarenakan ada perubahan hormon dan mood yang terjadi pada ibu seperti tidak nafsu makan, gangguan tidur, cemas, sensitif sehingga dapat menggaggu kelancaran ASI. Breastmilk (ASI) is the only perfect and best food for babies because it contains nutritional elements for optimal baby growth and development. However, there are several reasons why mothers do not exclusively breastfeed, such as not getting support from their husbands/families, stage, education which causes postpartum depression which hinders the lactation process. This study aims to conclude and examine the literature (examining the literature) whether the symptoms of depression in postpartum mothers are associated with breastfeeding. The method of the study using appraisal study using Joana Brigs Institute Critical Appraisal, and synthesis method using PEOS. Base search on studies published in English and present data for the period 2012-2019. Identified studies were reviewed using PRISMA Flowchart. A quantitative design study of postpartum depressive symptoms affects exclusive breastfeeding. The results showed postpartum depression was measured using the EPDS (Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale) which was performed on postpartum mothers aged 2-6 weeks postpartum. Depressive symptoms can affect the situation of offering breast milk and several factors due to emotional support, education, low income, a previous history of depression. But the worst thing that happens in postpartum depression is support from family. The conclusion was postpartum depressive symptoms can affect exclusive breast milk because there are hormonal and mood changes that occur in the mother such as lack of appetite, sleep disturbances, anxiety, sensitivity so that they can interfere with the smoothness of breast milk.  

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