The Pain Catastrophizing Scale—short form: psychometric properties and threshold for identifying high-risk individuals

ABSTRACTObjective:The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) measures three aspects of catastrophic cognitions about pain—rumination, magnification, and helplessness. To facilitate assessment and clinical application, we aimed to (a) develop a short version on the basis of its factorial structure and the items’ correlations with key pain-related outcomes, and (b) identify the threshold on the short form indicative of risk for depression.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Social centers for older people.Participants:664 Chinese older adults with chronic pain.Measurements:Besides the PCS, pain intensity, pain disability, and depressive symptoms were assessed.Results:For the full scale, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the hypothesized 3-factor model fit the data moderately well. On the basis of the factor loadings, two items were selected from each of the three dimensions. An additional item significantly associated with pain disability and depressive symptoms, over and above these six items, was identified through regression analyses. A short-PCS composed of seven items was formed, which correlated at r=0.97 with the full scale. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted against clinically significant depressive symptoms, defined as a score of ≥12 on a 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. This analysis showed a score of ≥7 to be the optimal cutoff for the short-PCS, with sensitivity = 81.6% and specificity = 78.3% when predicting clinically significant depressive symptoms.Conclusions:The short-PCS may be used in lieu of the full scale and as a brief screen to identify individuals with serious catastrophizing.

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Pain Catastrophizing Scale--Short Form

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t57702-000 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

L. A. McWilliams ◽

J. Kowal ◽

K. G. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Short Form ◽

Pain Catastrophizing Scale

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Decomposing differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and their counterparts in mainland China

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09374-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Yang ◽

Dan Li ◽

Jianmin Gao ◽

Xiaojuan Zhou ◽

Fuzhen Li

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Short Form ◽

Mainland China ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Decomposition Analysis ◽

Urban Residents ◽

Sleeping Time ◽

Urban Migrant ◽

Rural Dwellers

Abstract Background There has been an increase in older rural-to-urban migrant workers (aged 50 and above) in mainland China, little known about their depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify depressive symptoms among older rural-to-urban migrant workers, as well as explored the factors leading to differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and their rural counterparts (older rural dwellers) and urban counterparts (older urban residents) in mainland China. The results provided a comprehensive understanding of the depressive symptoms of older rural-to-urban migrant workers, and had great significance for improving the depressive symptoms for this vulnerable group. Methods Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2015, and coarsened exact matching (CEM) method was employed to control confounding factors. This study employed a Chinese version 10-item short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D 10) to measure depressive symptoms, and used the Social-Ecological Model as a framework to explore influential factors related to depressive symptoms. Specifically, the approach of Fairlie’s decomposition was used to parse out differences into observed and unobserved components. Results After matching, our findings indicated that the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older rural-to-urban migrant workers was lower than older rural dwellers; and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older rural-to-urban migrant workers was higher than older urban residents. Fairlie’s decomposition analysis indicated that type of in-house shower, sleeping time at night and ill in the last month were proved to be major contributors to the differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and older rural dwellers; self-reported health and sleeping time at night were proved to be major contributors to the differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and older urban residents. Conclusions Differences in depressive symptoms between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and their rural and urban counterparts did exist. Our findings contributed to a more reliable understanding in depressive symptoms among older rural-to-urban migrant workers. Our findings would be of referential significance for improving older rural-to-urban migrant workers’ depressive symptoms.

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Depression as a Comorbid Condition: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/0193945920937450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 1097-1103

Author(s):

Judy Frain ◽

Horng-Shiuann Wu ◽

Ling Chen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Depression Score ◽

Comorbid Condition ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Living With Hiv

Studies analyzing depressive symptoms across chronic disease populations are limited. Our descriptive comparison investigation included two studies on life-limiting conditions: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and breast cancer. In both, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We found a mean depression score of 18.1 (± 11.8) overall ( N = 243). Over half (54%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16); 26% reported severe depressive symptoms (CES-D > 24). Disease and years of education were predictors of depressive symptoms. Persons living with breast cancer showed significantly worse depressive symptoms than persons living with HIV (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for disease, fewer years of education predicted worse depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated common determinants of depressive symptoms in both disease populations, suggesting that underlying conditions known to be predictors of depression could be assessed to identify those at higher risk for depression.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Food Insecurity in Latino Farm Worker Households in California's Central Valley

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 237-237

Author(s):

Susana Matias ◽

Maria Marois ◽

Marc Schenker

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Food Security ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Short Form ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Short Version ◽

Farm Worker

Abstract Objectives The twofold objective of the study was to assess the burden of food insecurity in Latino farm worker households and to identify its correlates in this population. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the Mexican Immigration to California: Agricultural Safety and Acculturation (MICASA) study, a cohort of Latino farm workers residing in Mendota, California. Interview data from a follow up assessment (when food security was first assessed), and clinical data from a sub-study conducted around the same time were analyzed. Food security was assessed using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form, but only asked to female participants (n = 346). Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was measured based on direct weight and height measurements. Abdominal fat was categorized as normal vs high risk (waist circumference >35 inches). Blood pressure was assessed based on two consecutive measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and categorized as normal, elevated or high blood pressure. Depression was measured using a short version of the CES-D scale; a score of ≥10 was used as indication of depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic and acculturation data were also collected. We conducted bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression, considering the study survey design. Results Fifty five % of respondents were food secure, while 45% reported food insecurity (39% without hunger and 6% with hunger). In bivariate analysis, food insecurity was associated with income, education, age at immigration, depressive symptoms and season, but not with age, years living in the US, BMI status, blood pressure or abdominal fat. After controlling for income, education and season, those who immigrated younger than 21 y of age had lower odds of reporting food insecurity, while food insecurity was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms. Conclusions Food insecurity is prevalent among Latino farm worker families. Among women in these families, immigration to US at a younger age seems to protect them from suffering food insecurity, but experiencing it may be associated with poor mental health. Funding Sources The NIOSH, the California Endowment and the UC Davis Western Center for Agricultural Health and Safety.

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of folate and vitamin B12 for depression

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610215000046 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 727-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Osvaldo P. Almeida ◽

Andrew H. Ford ◽

Leon Flicker

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

At Risk ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Manual Search ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Short Period ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12

ABSTRACTBackground:Folate and vitamin B12 insufficiencies have been associated with increased risk of depression. This systematic review aimed to clarify if, compared with placebo, treatment with folate and/or vitamin B12 reduces depression scale scores, increases remission, and prevents the onset of clinically significant symptoms of depression in people at risk.Methods:This systematic review searched the PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to 6 June 2014, using the following terms and strategy: (vitamin B12 or vitamin B9 or folate or folic acid or cobalamin or cyanocobalamin) and (depression or depressive disorder or depressive symptoms) and (randomized controlled trial or RCT). The electronic search was supplemented by manual search. Two independent reviewers assessed all papers retrieved for eligibility and bias, and extracted crude data. Review Manager 5 was used to manage and analyze the data.Results:Two hundred and sixty-nine manuscripts were identified, of which 52 were RCTs and 11 fulfilled criteria for review. We found that the short-term use of vitamins (days to a few weeks) does not contribute to improve depressive symptoms in adults with major depression treated with antidepressants (5 studies, standardized mean difference = −0.12, 95% confidence interval – 95% CI = −0.45, 0.22), but more prolonged consumption (several weeks to years) may decrease the risk of relapse (1 study, odds ratio (OR) = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.94) and the onset of clinically significant symptoms in people at risk (2 studies, risk ratio = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.98).Conclusions:The number of available trials remains small and heterogeneity between studies high. The results of these meta-analyses suggest that treatment with folate and vitamin B12 does not decrease the severity of depressive symptoms over a short period of time, but may be helpful in the long-term management of special populations.

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Impact of a Peer-Delivered Telephone Intervention for Women Experiencing a Breast Cancer Recurrence

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.07.4674 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 2093-2099 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Carolyn Cook Gotay ◽

Carol M. Moinpour ◽

Joseph M. Unger ◽

Caroline S. Jiang ◽

Dorothy Coleman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Short Form ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cancer Recurrence ◽

Psychosocial Distress ◽

Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Telephone Intervention

Purpose A first breast cancer recurrence creates considerable distress, yet few psychosocial interventions directed at this population have been reported. The Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase III randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief telephone intervention. Patients and Methods Three hundred five women experiencing a first recurrence of breast cancer were randomly assigned to standard care or intervention. The intervention consisted of four to eight telephone calls delivered over a 1-month period. The calls were conducted by trained peer counselors at a breast cancer advocacy organization, the Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization, and followed a standard curriculum. Psychosocial distress (Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System–Short Form [CARES-SF]) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) outcomes were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months. The 3-month assessment was the primary end point and is the focus of this article. Results Analysis revealed no differences in distress or depressive symptoms at 3 months between the intervention and control groups; at 3 months, 70% of control patients and 66% of intervention patients reported psychosocial distress, and 40% of control patients and 47% of intervention patients exhibited depressive symptoms. Conclusion Telephone peer counseling did not lead to better psychosocial outcomes. The persistent distress in these women supports the urgent need for the development and testing of more intensive or different supportive interventions for this group of patients.

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Depressiveness in preoperative period and postoperative recovery of orthopedic patients - preliminary results of prospective study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72542-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 837-837

Author(s):

D. Ignjatovic Ristic ◽

V. Janjic ◽

B. Ristic ◽

B. Radmanovic

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Short Form ◽

Age Groups ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Preoperative Period ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Orthopedic Patients

IntroductionDepression is often occurred after surgical interventions and may have serious consequences on postoperative recovery. The treatment of early discovered depressive symptoms may have strong influence on the recovery of operated orthopedic patients.Simple and quick instrument for detection and evaluation of depressive symptoms could be of great use to doctors.Work objectives are1) determine the prevalence of depressiveness in preoperative period in patients with scheduled surgical interventions, and2) validation of Geriatric Depression Scale - short form (GDS-SF) in detection of depressiveness.MethodA sample of 120 orthopedic patients is the part of larger sample in prospective research of depressiveness in patients in preoperative period with scheduled surgical interventions (except cardio-surgical). For estimation of depressiveness we used battery of tests (GDS-SF, BDI - Beck's depression scale, MDI - major depressive disorder questionnaire), and patients were tested 3 times: to 14 days prior the surgery, 7 and 90 days after the surgery. Validation of GDS-SF was examined compared to BDI according to age and gender of examinees.ResultsIn preliminary sample of 120 orthopedic patients with scheduled orthopedic interventions, prevalence of depressiveness is greater than prevalence of depressiveness in general population (p < 0.001). Depressiveness is much more present in women than in men (p < 0.001). Correlation of depressive scores in BDI and in GDS-SF is satisfactory for all age groups.ConclusionPreliminary results indicate on further research of depressiveness in preoperative period in order to confirm validation of GDS-SF as simpler alternative for early detection of depressiveness.

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Intrafamily relations and resilience as protectors against depressive symptoms in Mexican high school students

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 127-134

Author(s):

Héctor Rubén Bravo-Andrade

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Short Version ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression

Introduction. Between 27.3% and 31.5% of adolescents in Mexico may present symptoms of depression. This issue has been studied from both family and resilience perspectives, although few studies have examined their interaction. Objective. In this study, we evaluated the influence of intrafamily relations and resilience on depressive symptoms in Mexican high school students, for which an analysis by sex was conducted. Method. For this correlation cross-sectional study, we evaluated 511 adolescents using the Revised Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies, the short version of the Intrafamily Relation Evaluation Scale, and the Revised Resilience Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. We performed multiple linear regression analyzes by sex using the stepwise method. Results. For young men, the predictor variables were expression, difficulties, and problem-solving (R2a = .34), whereas for young women the variables were union and support, difficulties, and empathy (R2a = .25). Discussion and conclusion. This study indicates specific aspects of intrafamily relations and resilience to develop sex-sensitive interventions to prevent depression in high school students.

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The predictors of school refusal: Depression, anxiety, cognitive distortion and attachment

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v15i3.5084 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1519 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Işıl Tekin ◽

Seval Erden ◽

Asiye Büşra Şirin Ayva ◽

Engin Büyüköksüz

Keyword(s):

Middle Childhood ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Depression Scale ◽

School Refusal ◽

Cognitive Distortion ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Short Version ◽

School Students ◽

Negative Thoughts

School refusal is one of the main problems observed in almost all levels of education in Turkey. This problem is characterized by difficulties in going to school, staying at school for an entire day or not feeling well at school. School refusal is commonly associated with cognitive evaluations and emotional problems, and it may also be a source for various other problems. The purpose of this study is to do a research about the predictor power of depression, negative thoughts and attachment styles in school refusal through the sample of Turkish students. Furthermore, the school refusal behavior has also been analysed in terms of some demographical variables such as gender, perceived socio-economic level, and parents’ educational level. The study group consisted of 340 secondary school students studying in Istanbul. School Refusal Assessment Scale-R, The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Short Version, The Experiences in Close Relationships Middle Childhood, and Three Dimensions of Cognitive Scale were used as measurements. Results have indicated that school refusal is predicted by anxiety, depression and negative thoughts but is not predicted by attachment styles such as avoidance and anxiety attachment. The results have been presented and discussed in the light of the literature.

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Relationship Between Physical Activity, Depressive Symptoms and Low Back Pain Related Disability in Older Adults With Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2019-0077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 686-691

Author(s):

Fabianna R. de Jesus-Moraleida ◽

Paulo H. Ferreira ◽

Juscelio P. Silva ◽

André G.P. Andrade ◽

Rosangela C. Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Short Version ◽

Low Back ◽

Cross Sectional

Low back pain (LBP) can be less disabling in those who are physically active. This study analyzed the association between physical activity (PA)- and LBP-related disability in older people with LBP, exploring if this association was mediated by depressive symptoms. The authors analyzed the relationship between PA levels and disability using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire, respectively, collected at baseline from the Brazilian Back Complaints in the Elders study. The authors investigated depressive symptoms as a mediator of this association using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. PA was inversely associated with disability. This association was smaller when considering the indirect effect through depressive symptoms. Thus, depressive symptoms partially mediated the association between PA and disability in older adults with LBP, and higher levels of PA were associated with less depressive symptoms and disability.

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