Drug use Prevalence among Former SSI DA&A Recipients

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Podus ◽  
Eunice Chang ◽  
Mary Lynn Brecht ◽  
James A. Swartz ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Program Data

This paper examines illegal drug use prevalence among former recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) disability benefits for drug addiction and alcoholism (DA&A) in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Seattle, based on urinalysis and self-report data. It presents estimates of current prevalence (past three days) for four categories of illegal drugs–-opiates, cocaine, marijuana, or any use–-at 12 and 24 months after termination of the DA&A program. Data were obtained as part of a longitudinal study of 1,764 former SSI DA&A recipients in nine sites. Analyses indicate that a substantial number of former DA&A recipients, probably 45%–55%, were engaged in active drug use after termination of the program. Among users, cocaine and opiate use were extensive. Although there were high rates of underreporting by self-reported non-users, underreporting was not systematically associated with age, gender, ethnicity, criminal justice involvement, recent substance abuse treatment, or SSI benefit status.

scholarly journals Rationale and Design of the National Neuropsychology Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
David W. Loring ◽  
Russell M. Bauer ◽  
Lucia Cavanagh ◽  
Daniel L. Drane ◽  
Kristen D. Enriquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Abstract Objective. The National Neuropsychology Network (NNN) is a multicenter clinical research initiative funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; R01 MH118514) to facilitate neuropsychology’s transition to contemporary psychometric assessment methods with resultant improvement in test validation and assessment efficiency. Method: The NNN includes four clinical research sites (Emory University; Medical College of Wisconsin; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); University of Florida) and Pearson Clinical Assessment. Pearson Q-interactive (Q-i) is used for data capture for Pearson published tests; web-based data capture tools programmed by UCLA, which serves as the Coordinating Center, are employed for remaining measures. Results: NNN is acquiring item-level data from 500–10,000 patients across 47 widely used Neuropsychology (NP) tests and sharing these data via the NIMH Data Archive. Modern psychometric methods (e.g., item response theory) will specify the constructs measured by different tests and determine their positive/negative predictive power regarding diagnostic outcomes and relationships to other clinical, historical, and demographic factors. The Structured History Protocol for NP (SHiP-NP) helps standardize acquisition of relevant history and self-report data. Conclusions: NNN is a proof-of-principle collaboration: by addressing logistical challenges, NNN aims to engage other clinics to create a national and ultimately an international network. The mature NNN will provide mechanisms for data aggregation enabling shared analysis and collaborative research. NNN promises ultimately to enable robust diagnostic inferences about neuropsychological test patterns and to promote the validation of novel adaptive assessment strategies that will be more efficient, more precise, and more sensitive to clinical contexts and individual/cultural differences.

Reassessing the Need for Urinalysis as a Validation Technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Yacoubian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Validation Technique ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Over Time

Urinalysis is utilized routinely as a tool to validate self-reported drug use. Past research has been inconclusive, however, in confirming strong correlations between urinalysis and self-reported drug use. In the current study, correlation estimates for cocaine and heroin use are derived from adult arrestees surveyed through the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program between 1990 and 1997. While the strength of agreement between urinalysis and self-report data varies by both substance and jurisdiction, correlation estimates are consistent over time. These findings suggest that the need for urinalysis should be reassessed.

Influences Affecting Maintenance and Cessation of Narcotics Addiction

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Bailey ◽  
Yih-Ing Hser ◽  
Shih-Chao Hsieh ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Severe Punishment

A sample of 354 narcotics addicts remanded to the California Civil Addict Program (CAP) in 1962–64 was followed for over twenty-four years. Self-report data collected at initial treatment admission and in two follow-up interviews (1974–75 and 1985–86) included information on family history, patterns of drug use and criminal involvement, and other behaviors. The sample was classified into four exclusive groups: Winners (N=59), who had been abstinent from narcotics and other serious drug use and had not been involved in criminal activity during the thirty-six-month period prior to interview; Striving addicts ( N=46), who had been abstinent from narcotics use, but not necessarily other drugs, and had no incarceration for a period of twelve months prior to interview; Enduring addicts ( N=146), who had used narcotics and typically other drugs within the prior 12-month period, but had avoided incarceration; and Incarcerated addicts ( N=103), incarcerated at some time during the twelve-month period, and whose drug use was varied. Winners had generally negative familial experiences including little encouragement from parents, who in the main had adverse relationships, higher rates of sexual molestation, and were least happy in childhood. Despite this environment Winners evidenced early independence and self-confidence. Striving addicts were characterized by usually non-substance-using, church-going parents. Most had ceased narcotics use, but remained heavily involved with alcohol and marijuana. Enduring addicts, mostly from lower socioeconomic status families that exhibited extensive substance use and physical arguments, commonly accessed methadone treatment and avoided incarceration while persisting in narcotic addiction and crime. Incarcerated addicts, typically raised in dysfunctional, substance-using families, received the most parental caring along with the most severe punishment. They exhibited persistent involvement in crime, violence, and drug use.

Gender Differences and Similarities in Patterns of Drug Use and Attitudes of High School Students

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro J. Pascale ◽  
William J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

The purpose of this research was to study the results of a large scale drug survey of high school students in the context of the baseline data provided by four previous surveys. These surveys were conducted at three-year intervals beginning in 1977. The most recent survey contained self report data from 2,000 students representing fifteen schools in northeast Ohio. The instrument yields information on fourteen categories of drugs. Gender differences in drug use, perceived harmfulness of drugs, and age of first experimentation are reported. No gender differences were found in the reasons students give for turning to drugs. Baseline data from the four previous surveys comprised approximately 8,000 respondents.

Inaccuracies in Self-Reports and Urinalysis Tests: Impacts on Monitoring Marijuana Use Trends among Arrestees

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Golub ◽  
Hilary James Liberty ◽  
Bruce D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Over Time

Measured trends in drug use can potentially reflect changes in drug use, changes in the accuracy of the measurement instrument, or both. This paper compares marijuana use trends from 1987 to 2001 using self-report and urinalysis data from arrestees interviewed at 23 sites served by the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program. Overall, 60% of the variation in reported use reflected changes in detected use. Most notably, reported and detected use suggested different dynamics to the increase in marijuana use during the 1990s. The growth in detected use started later, increased more, and lasted longer. Several factors appear to have clearly contributed to this divergence between the measures: the percentage of marijuana users that disclosed their activity changed over time, the accuracy of ADAM's urinalysis test increased with time, and the percentage of infrequent users changed over time (urinalysis tests are less likely to detect infrequent users). The paper concludes with recommendations for the careful analysis of marijuana use trends using self-report data, biological data, or both. Trends in cocaine, crack, heroin, and methamphetamine are also considered.

Correlating Personality and Actual Phone Usage

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Konrad Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Bernd Lachmann ◽  
Ionut Andone ◽  
Rayna Sariyska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Voice Calls

In the present study we link self-report-data on personality to behavior recorded on the mobile phone. This new approach from Psychoinformatics collects data from humans in everyday life. It demonstrates the fruitful collaboration between psychology and computer science, combining Big Data with psychological variables. Given the large number of variables, which can be tracked on a smartphone, the present study focuses on the traditional features of mobile phones – namely incoming and outgoing calls and SMS. We observed N = 49 participants with respect to the telephone/SMS usage via our custom developed mobile phone app for 5 weeks. Extraversion was positively associated with nearly all related telephone call variables. In particular, Extraverts directly reach out to their social network via voice calls.

Articles Published in EJPA 2009–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Isabella Vormittag
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

With reference to EJPA’s unique and broad scope, the current study analyzed the characteristics of the authors as well as the topics and research aims of the 69 empirical articles published in the years 2009–2010. Results revealed that more than one third of the articles were written by authors affiliated with more than one country. With reference to their research aims, an almost comparable number of articles (1) presented a new measure, (2) dealt with adaptations of measures, or (3) dealt with further research on existing measures. Analyses also revealed that most articles did not address any particular field of application. The second largest group was comprised of articles related to the clinical field, followed by the health-related field of application. The majority of all articles put their focus on investigating questionnaires or rating scales, and only a small number of articles investigated procedures classified as tests or properties of interviews. As to further characteristics of the method(s) used, a majority of EJPA contributions addressed self-report data. Results are discussed with reference to publication demands as well as the current and future challenges and demands of psychological assessment.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

The Effects of Questionnaire Length and Behavioral Consequences on Careless Responding

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gibson ◽  
Nathan A. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Careless Responding ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Consistent Support

Abstract. The current paper reports the results of two randomized experiments designed to test the effects of questionnaire length on careless responding (CR). Both experiments also examined whether the presence of a behavioral consequence (i.e., a reward or a punishment) designed to encourage careful responding buffers the effects of questionnaire length on CR. Collectively, our two studies found (a) some support for the main effect of questionnaire length, (b) consistent support for the main effect of the consequence manipulations, and (c) very limited support for the buffering effect of the consequence manipulations. Because the advancement of many subfields of psychology rests on the availability of high-quality self-report data, further research should examine the causes and prevention of CR.

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