The Sensitivity of the Bible Verse Selection Task to the Relationship between Christian Fundamentalism and Religious Outgroup Prejudice

2020 ◽  
pp. 009164712095696
Author(s):  
Steven V. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Christian Fundamentalism

Four different studies provide evidence to support the validity of the Bible Verse Selection Task (BVST) as a measure of the strength of Christian fundamentalist beliefs by showing correlations between BVST scores and measures of negativity toward people who often represent “outgroups” for Christians. That is, respondents who obtained high scores on the BVST (representing a greater tendency to select biblical passages associated with fundamentalism as most central to their faith or belief system) also showed a tendency to obtain high scores on measures of negative feelings, beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes toward atheists, gay men, lesbian women, and Muslims. These relationships were generally consistent across both Christian-only samples and general samples, with statistically significant coefficients obtained for 30 of 32 predicted correlations. These results support the utility of this scale for research purposes.

Tolerance and the labor supply of cohabiting gays and lesbians

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Mary Eschelbach Hansen ◽  
Michael E. Martell ◽  
Leanne Roncolato
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average State

Abstract Tolerance of sexual minorities is presumed to matter, but its effects are under-studied. Because tolerance can affect both experiences at work and division of labor in the household, we study the relationship between tolerance and the time cohabiting gay men and lesbian women spend in paid work across the United States. In the average state, the increase in tolerance between 2003 and 2015 is associated with an increase in paid work of about 1 week per year among cohabiting gay men. Though not robustly statistically significant, the increase in tolerance is associated with a decrease in paid work among cohabiting lesbian women relative to heterosexual women.

Ideological Concerns in the Operationalization of Homophobia, Part II: The Need for Interpretive Sensitivity with Conservatively Religious Persons

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Rosik
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Christian Students ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Intrinsic Religiousness ◽  
Religiously Based ◽  
The Relationship

Building on the first article in this series (Rosik, 2007), the present study provided empirical analyses to determine the degree to which the relationship between conservative religion and homophobia as defined by Herek's (1998) Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG-R) was dependent upon items experienced as antireligious by Christian students. Three multiple regression analyses revealed that the associations between homonegative attitudes and respondents’ intrinsic religiousness, religious practice, and beliefs about the authority of the Bible were predicted only by the “Condemnation-Tolerance” component after accounting for gender, age and the remaining components of the ATLG-R. These findings suggest the possibility of an ideologically based circularity in the relationship between conservative religion and the construct of homophobia as measured by the ATLG-R. Thus, for these respondents the ATLG-R may function as an empirically packaged method of disparaging their religiously-based values concerning homosexuality. It is requisite that mental health professionals cultivate greater sensitivity to such concerns.

scholarly journals Gender identification and attitudes toward gay people: Gender and sexuality differences and similarities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Gulevich ◽  
Vladislav Krivoshchekov ◽  
Anastasia Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated the existence of gender and sexuality differences in attitudes toward gay people (which in this paper includes both lesbian women and gay men unless specified). However, these studies did not account for people with diverse genders and sexual orientations ascribing different meanings to their gender identification and its potential role in attitudes towards gay people. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between gender identification and attitudes toward gay people among individuals of different genders and sexual orientations. Based on data obtained from 851 Russian respondents, the study reports the exploration of the direct link between two components of gender identification and four components of attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Results indicated that stronger gender identification, in general, was related to more negative attitudes toward both gay men and lesbians. At the same time, compared to women and bisexual respondents, this link was stronger among men and straight participants respectively. A possible explanation via traditional gender ideologies is discussed.

Exploration of Death Anxiety as a Function of Religious Variables in Gay Men with and without Aids

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Franks ◽  
Donald I. Templer ◽  
Gordon G. Cappelletty ◽  
Inge Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Spiritual Belief ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of religious variables to death anxiety was investigated in fifty-one gay men with AIDS and sixty-four gay men without AIDS. Higher death anxiety in the men with AIDS was associated with greater church attendance, belonging to the religion of childhood, citing religion to have been “harmful,” and not adhering to a spiritual belief system independent of formal religion. Within the group of men without AIDS higher death anxiety was associated with having the same religion as in childhood.

Same Book, Different Bookmarks: The Development and Preliminary Validation of the Bible Verse Selection Task as a Measure of Christian Fundamentalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-295
Author(s):  
Steven V. Rouse ◽  
Heather A. Haas ◽  
Brian C. Lammert ◽  
Kyle D. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Selection Task ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Latent Dimension ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Psychometric Evidence ◽  
Christian Fundamentalism

The development and preliminary validation of a new measure of Christian fundamentalism required a multi-stage process. In an initial exploratory study, participants indicated which of a set of Bible verses were most central to their faith, and factor analysis was used to identify verses that appeared to tap a latent dimension of religious fundamentalism (Study 1). These relationships were retested with a new method in a new sample (Study 2), and the items that predicted fundamentalism in both samples were incorporated into a new measure of Christian fundamentalism, the Bible Verse Selection Task (BVST). The forced-choice format of the BVST may be less impacted by social desirability response styles that may affect scores on existing fundamentalism scales (Studies 3 and 4) while preserving useful levels of criterion-related validity (Study 5) and convergent evidence of construct validity (Study 6). These studies provide initial psychometric evidence for the BVST as an internally consistent measure of Christian fundamentalism that predicts scores on other fundamentalism scales and related constructs including traditionalism, authoritarianism, and political conservativism.

scholarly journals Essentialist Beliefs and Social Distance towards Gay Men and Lesbian Women: A Latent Profile Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Agadullina ◽  
Andrey Lovakov ◽  
Natalia Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Psychological Essentialism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latent Profile

Psychological essentialism is the layperson’s belief that social categories are natural and entitative. Studies have shown that essentialist beliefs are strongly connected with different types of prejudice. Previous research into essentialist beliefs predominantly used a variable-centered approach to investigate the relationship between essentialist beliefs and prejudice. Extending this research, we used a person-centered approach to explore the relationship between different essentialist beliefs related to sexual orientation and gender (naturalness, homogeneity, discreteness and informativeness). The study involved 282 (sample 1) and 194 (sample 2) respondents from Russia with different sexual orientations. Using latent profile analysis, we identified three distinct essentialist belief profiles, which are the same for both our target groups, gay men and lesbian women. We examined the relationships between belonging to essentialist belief profiles and social distance towards gay men and lesbian women. We found individuals from various profiles differed in levels of gender identification and right-wing authoritarianism. Individuals with relatively low levels of naturalness beliefs and high levels of essentialist beliefs about the social and psychological differences between gender groups and between heterosexuals and non-heterosexuals demonstrated greater social distance towards gay men and lesbian women compared to respondents with lower essentialist beliefs in the differences between groups.

Contact With Gay Men and Lesbian Women Moderates the Negative Relationship Between Religiosity and Endorsement of Same-Sex Unions’ and Families’ Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Giovanni Piumatti ◽  
Marco Salvati
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Preference ◽  
Multiple Linear Regressions ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions

Abstract. This study investigated the moderation effect of contact with gay men and lesbian women on the relationship between religiosity levels with the endorsement of same-sex unions’ and families’ rights. Analyses were carried out on a national representative cross-sectional sample of 5,544 Italian adult residents (% females = 54). Multiple linear regressions coupled with an examination of the interaction between contact and religiosity showed that contact mitigated the negative relationship between religiosity and endorsement of same-sex unions’ and families’ rights, especially at lower rather than higher levels of religiosity. These results are important in terms of understandings of the relationship between religiosity and policy preference regarding same-sex unions’ and families’ rights. Contact can promote equality for gay men and lesbian women but different susceptibility levels persist between highly and less religious individuals in this respect.

Predictors of Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbian Women in 23 Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Bettinsoli ◽  
Alexandra Suppes ◽  
Jaime L. Napier
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Sexual Prejudice ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Participant Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Dominant accounts of sexual prejudice posit that negative attitudes toward nonheterosexual individuals are stronger for male (vs. female) targets, higher among men (vs. women), and driven, in part, by the perception that gay men and lesbian women violate traditional gender norms. We test these predictions in 23 countries, representing both Western and non-Western societies. Results show that (1) gay men are disliked more than lesbian women across all countries; (2) after adjusting for endorsement of traditional gender norms, the relationship between participant gender and sexual prejudice is inconsistent across Western countries, but men (vs. women) in non-Western countries consistently report more negative attitudes toward gay men; and (3) a significant association between gender norm endorsement and sexual prejudice across countries, but it was absent or reversed in China, India, and South Korea. Taken together, this work suggests that gender and sexuality may be more loosely associated in some non-Western contexts.

scholarly journals Mu-Suppression as an Indicator of Empathic Processes in Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-644
Author(s):  
Katrin T. Lübke ◽  
Charlotte Sachse ◽  
Matthias Hoenen ◽  
Bettina M. Pause
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Mu Suppression ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Negative Feelings

Abstract Self-reported empathy differs with gender and sexual orientation. The current study investigated whether mu-suppression, reflecting brain activity especially related to state empathy, also is modulated by gender and sexual orientation. Pictures of painful and non-painful actions were presented to 20 lesbians, 20 gay men, 20 heterosexual men and 20 heterosexual women, while EEG was recorded. Individual peak frequencies of mu-activity (electrodes C3, C4) were detected within the 6–11 Hz band for each participant, and mu-suppression indices were calculated. Further, verbal indicators of state empathy (pain ratings) and compassion were assessed. Only heterosexual individuals showed the typical pattern of enhanced mu-suppression in response to painful relative to non-painful pictures. Lesbian women and gay men did not show a differential mu-response. Moreover, they felt less compassion compared to heterosexual individuals. In line with this finding, the more compassion the participants reported, the stronger the mu-suppression in response to painful relative to non-painful pictures was. Pain ratings did not vary with sexual orientation. The lesser compassion reported by lesbian women and gay men is discussed as a mediator of their non-differential mu-suppression response. It is hypothesized that this pattern might relate to gay men and lesbian women tending to perceive the anonymous depicted actors as outgroup members, hence showing less compassion and reduced mu-suppression. As empathy is often related to negative feelings (empathic stress), a clear distinction between individuals to empathize with versus individuals not to emphasize with may well be an adaptive feature in same-sex oriented individuals.

Educational Correlates of Antigay Bias: A Survey of Australian Social Work Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jill Chonody ◽  
Nilan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Work Education ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The study reported here examined three educational correlates of students’ attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women: coursework prior to attending the university that included information about sexual minorities, coursework at the university that included information about sexual minorities, and identification with one's degree. Undergraduate students enrolled in social work courses in an Australian university were surveyed. Of the three correlates examined, two variables— exposure to education prior to attending the university and identification with degree— were significant, but only in relation to attitudes toward gay men. The relationship with previous education about sexual minorities is remarkable in that it seems counterintuitive: Those who reported more exposure to education about sexual minorities prior to attending the university exhibited greater bias against gay men; however, the effect size was small. Consistent with study hypotheses, greater identification with one's degree was correlated to less antigay bias. Implications for social work education are considered.

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