Experiences of Divine Grace Among Christian Friends

Although topics of prayer, forgiveness, and gratitude have received attention in the psychology of religion, there is sparse literature regarding the concept of grace. Thirty interviews were conducted with Friends (Quakers) in the Pacific Northwest, using a semi-structured interview developed for a larger study of how Christians from various denominations experience grace. Four organizing themes were derived from the interview questions and then grounded theory was used to uncover associated subthemes within each organizing theme. Participants emphasized the loving nature of God and how grace is a transforming relational experience with God that helps people move toward wholeness and completeness. Although participants sometimes linked grace with questions of eternal destiny, it was also associated with being fully accepted and loved by God in the present moment. Many expressed concerns about conservative Christian perspectives of grace that seem to overly focus on being saved from hell, instead preferring views of grace that are inclusive and available to all. Ongoing disciplines of grace included being in nature, community relationships, creative expressions, prayer, quiet, and reading sacred texts. These findings are consistent with historical and contemporary distinctives of Friends. Implications for future research are considered.

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Genetic interactions Between Hatchery and Wild Salmonids: Lessons from the Pacific Northwest

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f91-311 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 48 (S1) ◽

pp. 124-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 259

Author(s):

Robin S. Waples

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Wild Fish ◽

Genetic Interactions ◽

Future Research ◽

Management Options ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

The Pacific ◽

Genetic Risks ◽

Northwestern North America

The potential for genetic interactions between hatchery and wild populations of salmonids in northwestern North America has increased considerably in recent decades. Efforts to mitigate severe losses to many wild stocks caused by overfishing, destruction of habitat, and blockage of migratory routes have focussed on boosting artificial production in public hatcheries. Opportunities for genetic interactions between hatchery and wild fish will increase if efforts to supplement wild production with hatchery-reared fish continue. Concerns center on three issues: (1) direct genetic effects (caused by hybridization and introgression); (2) indirect genetic effects (principally due to altered selection regimes or reductions in population size caused by competition, predation, disease, or other factors); and (3) genetic changes to hatchery stocks (through selection, drift, or stock transfers), which magnify the consequences of hybridization with wild fish. Strategies for minimizing these genetic risks and monitoring the consequences of various management options are discussed, and some important areas for future research are identified.

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Changing wildfire, changing forests: the effects of climate change on fire regimes and vegetation in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Fire Ecology ◽

10.1186/s42408-019-0062-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jessica E. Halofsky ◽

David L. Peterson ◽

Brian J. Harvey

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Fire Regimes ◽

Tree Regeneration ◽

Ecosystem Change ◽

Fire Intensity ◽

Future Research ◽

Fuel Treatments ◽

Warming Climate ◽

Resource Managers ◽

The Pacific

Abstract Background Wildfires in the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and western Montana, USA) have been immense in recent years, capturing the attention of resource managers, fire scientists, and the general public. This paper synthesizes understanding of the potential effects of changing climate and fire regimes on Pacific Northwest forests, including effects on disturbance and stress interactions, forest structure and composition, and post-fire ecological processes. We frame this information in a risk assessment context, and conclude with management implications and future research needs. Results Large and severe fires in the Pacific Northwest are associated with warm and dry conditions, and such conditions will likely occur with increasing frequency in a warming climate. According to projections based on historical records, current trends, and simulation modeling, protracted warmer and drier conditions will drive lower fuel moisture and longer fire seasons in the future, likely increasing the frequency and extent of fires compared to the twentieth century. Interactions between fire and other disturbances, such as drought and insect outbreaks, are likely to be the primary drivers of ecosystem change in a warming climate. Reburns are also likely to occur more frequently with warming and drought, with potential effects on tree regeneration and species composition. Hotter, drier sites may be particularly at risk for regeneration failures. Conclusion Resource managers will likely be unable to affect the total area burned by fire, as this trend is driven strongly by climate. However, fuel treatments, when implemented in a spatially strategic manner, can help to decrease fire intensity and severity and improve forest resilience to fire, insects, and drought. Where fuel treatments are less effective (wetter, high-elevation, and coastal forests), managers may consider implementing fuel breaks around high-value resources. When and where post-fire planting is an option, planting different genetic stock than has been used in the past may increase seedling survival. Planting seedlings on cooler, wetter microsites may also help to increase survival. In the driest topographic locations, managers may need to consider where they will try to forestall change and where they will allow conversions to vegetation other than what is currently dominant.

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THE PALEOBOTANY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF THE EOCENE HERREN BEDS OF NORTH-CENTRAL OREGON, USA

Palaios ◽

10.2110/palo.2019.014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 424-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ANTHONY P. JIJINA ◽

ELLEN D. CURRANO ◽

KURT CONSTENIUS

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Middle Eocene ◽

Plant Macrofossils ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Future Research ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

Leaf Margin ◽

North Central ◽

The Pacific ◽

Margin Analysis

ABSTRACT New collections of plant macrofossils and radiometric dates from the Herren beds of north-central Oregon provide the opportunity to document floral communities and calculate foliar-derived climate estimates from the warm early Eocene and the cooler middle Eocene. Plant macrofossils were collected from one fluvial site at East Birch Creek approximately 2 m below a 51.9 ± 0.9 Ma tuff. Collections were also made at two co-occurring fluvial sites at Arbuckle Mountain, whose ages are constrained to ca. 44.5–43.8 Ma based on a dated tuff from Willow Creek (44.5 ± 0.8 Ma) and reported ages for the overlying Clarno Formation. Floral findings show an almost complete vegetation overturn, with only two genera (Glyptostrobus and Allantodiopsis) appearing in both floras. Both floras are species poor, but the older East Birch Creek flora has higher richness and evenness than the younger Arbuckle Mountain flora. The four named genera at East Birch Creek are taxa found throughout Eocene North America; named genera at Arbuckle Mountain also include taxa restricted to the Pacific Northwest. Leaf margin analysis and leaf area analysis of the East Birch Creek community suggest a warmer and possibly wetter (mean annual temperature 23.4 ± 4.3 °C; mean annual precipitation 206 +89, -63 cm) climate than the Arbuckle Mountain flora (16.4 ± 4.2 °C; 165 +50, -71.4 cm). This research provides a framework for future research on Eocene floristic, environmental, and climatic trends of the Pacific Northwest.

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Disentangling Post-Fire Logging and High-Severity Fire Effects for Spotted Owls

Birds ◽

10.3390/birds2020011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 147-157

Author(s):

Chad T. Hanson ◽

Derek E. Lee ◽

Monica L. Bond

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Forest Type ◽

Fire Effects ◽

Future Research ◽

Spotted Owl ◽

High Severity ◽

Adverse Impacts ◽

The Pacific ◽

Spotted Owls ◽

The Usa

The Spotted Owl is a rare and declining raptor inhabiting low/middle-elevation forests of the Pacific Northwest, California, and the Southwest in the USA. It is well established that Spotted Owls select dense, mature, or old forests for nesting and roosting. High-severity fire transforms such forests into a unique forest type known as “snag forest habitat”, which the owls select for foraging. This habitat is disproportionately targeted by post-fire logging projects. Numerous recent articles have explored the influence of high-severity fire and post-fire logging on this species. Studies have shown that post-fire logging significantly reduces Spotted Owl occupancy, but efforts have generally not been made to disentangle the effects of such logging from the influence of high-severity fire alone on Spotted Owls. We conducted an assessment of published, peer-reviewed articles reporting adverse impacts of high-severity fire on Spotted Owls, exploring the extent to which there may have been confounding factors, such as post-fire logging. We found that articles reporting adverse impacts of high-severity fire on Spotted Owls were pervasively confounded by post-fire logging, and in some cases by a methodological bias. Our results indicate a need to approach analyses of high-severity fire and Spotted Owls differently in future research.

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Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with the Wheat Crown Rot Complex in Oregon and Washington

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0949 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (9) ◽

pp. 949-957 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Jennifer A. Gourlie ◽

Sandra A. Easley ◽

Lisa-Marie Patterson

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Microdochium Nivale ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Future Research ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

The Pacific

Crown rot of wheat in the Pacific Northwest is caused by a complex including Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, and Microdochium nivale. Relative pathogenicity was examined under greenhouse conditions for 178 isolates of the five species, and under field conditions for 24 isolates of B. sorokiniana, F. culmorum, and F. pseudograminearum. In the greenhouse, all five species reduced (P < 0.05) plant height relative to noninoculated controls. Disease severity was inversely correlated with plant height for the three Fusarium spp. In one or more of four experiments with spring wheat in the field, all three species reduced stand establishment and density of mature heads and increased the incidence and severity of crown rot. F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum caused the greatest disease severity and plant damage and were the only pathogens that reduced grain yield. Virulence ratings were variable among isolates for each species in all greenhouse and field experiments. Isolate variability was especially high for the location and year variables in field experiments. Mixtures of multiple isolates are required for future research.

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Walking the Path: A New Journey to Explore and Discover Through Visual Analytics

Information Visualization ◽

10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500133 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 237-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pak Chung Wong ◽

Stuart J Rose ◽

George Chin ◽

Deborah A Frincke ◽

Richard May ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Homeland Security ◽

Visual Analytics ◽

National Laboratory ◽

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ◽

Future Research ◽

Department Of Homeland Security ◽

Professional Activities ◽

Analytical Reasoning ◽

The Pacific

Under the leadership of the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) established a research center focusing on the discipline of visual analytics in 2004. A year later, the center led a multidisciplinary panel representing academia, industry, and government to formally define directions and priorities for future research and development (R&D) for visual analytics tools. The R&D agenda, Illuminating the Path, defines the term visual analytics as ‘the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces’. This article describes our progress to date in walking that path. We briefly describe the background of the subject, present major professional activities and accomplishments of its community, and highlight some of the ongoing R&D efforts being carried out by researchers at PNNL to fulfill the requirements and missions of a new discipline that promises to change the way we deal with today's information.

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Ectoparasitic nematodes: emerging challenges to wine grape production in the Pacific Northwest of North America.

10.1079/9781789247541.0027 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 192-198

Author(s):

Inga Zasada ◽

Tom Forge

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Future Research ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Wine Grape ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

The Pacific ◽

Ectoparasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic

Abstract Plant parasitic nematodes are a constraint to the production of wine grapes worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of North America, including British Columbia (BC) in Canada and Oregon (OR) and Washington (WA) in the United States, the impact of plant parasitic nematodes, specifically ectoparasitic nematodes, on wine grape production has not been extensively studied or documented. This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, and recommended integrated management of Mesocriconema xenoplax and Xiphinema americanum infesting grapes in North America. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

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School Psychologists Perceptions Of Stakeholder Engagement In Response To Intervention

Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) ◽

10.19030/cier.v6i4.8108 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 399 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suzanne Little

Keyword(s):

Response To Intervention ◽

School Psychologists ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Stakeholder Engagement ◽

Future Research ◽

The Pacific ◽

Educational Professionals ◽

Rti Implementation ◽

Collaborative Team ◽

Perceptions Of School

As Response to Intervention (RTI) continues to be implemented in schools, it is important to consider how this initiative is perceived by the educational professionals involved in the implementation and effectiveness of the process. This study utilized a survey intended to investigate the perceptions of school psychologists regarding their engagement in the implementation of RTI, the systems level collaboration in implementing RTI, and engagement of other educational professionals (teachers, counselors, and administrators) in RTI. Over sixty practicing certified school psychologists in the Pacific Northwest completed an online researcher-designed survey of their perceptions of RTI. The majority of participants reported that they were prepared to participate in RTI implementation, but they also indicated that RTI is not effectively implemented in a collaborative, team-based approach. Implications for training and practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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