Activist Disconnect: Social Movements, Public Opinion, and U.S. Military Bases in East Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-715
Author(s):  
Claudia J. Kim ◽  
Taylor C. Boas
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
And Behavior

Do activists seeking to challenge the U.S. military presence overseas succeed in persuading the local population? While the comparative literature on base contestation often makes implicit causal claims about public opinion and behavior, these claims have never been tested empirically using individual-level data. Based on an online survey, experiment with residents of communities hosting U.S. military bases in Korea and Japan, we demonstrate a disconnect between anti-base movements and local residents. Local public opinion is most responsive to pragmatic framing of opposition by social movements and tangible information about the consequences of base expansion. Other common activist tactics have little effect and may even backfire. Our findings fill an important gap in the growing literature on the politics of U.S. military bases abroad.

scholarly journals Who Wishes to Return? Ties to Home Country among the Romanian Migrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-890
Author(s):  
Sergiu Gherghina ◽  
Aurelian Plopeanu
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Level Data ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Intention To Return

AbstractThe research focusing on return migration from the perspective of migrants’ relationship with the country of origin has emphasized the emotional and economic ties. Quite often, these ties have been examined separately and there is little indication of what counts more. This article addresses this gap in the literature and analyzes the extent to which the sense of belonging, media consumption, networks of friends, and regular visits in the country of origin could affect the intention to return. It controls for remittances, voting in the elections of their home country, and age. The empirical analysis uses an original dataset including individual level data. This was collected through an online survey in January 2018 on a sample of 1,839 first generation migrants from Romania.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis reveals shared genetic architecture of brain morphology and human behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald de Vlaming ◽  
Eric A. W. Slob ◽  
Philip R. Jansen ◽  
Alain Dagher ◽  
Philipp D. Koellinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

AbstractHuman variation in brain morphology and behavior are related and highly heritable. Yet, it is largely unknown to what extent specific features of brain morphology and behavior are genetically related. Here, we introduce a computationally efficient approach for multivariate genomic-relatedness-based restricted maximum likelihood (MGREML) to estimate the genetic correlation between a large number of phenotypes simultaneously. Using individual-level data (N = 20,190) from the UK Biobank, we provide estimates of the heritability of gray-matter volume in 74 regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain and we map genetic correlations between these ROIs and health-relevant behavioral outcomes, including intelligence. We find four genetically distinct clusters in the brain that are aligned with standard anatomical subdivision in neuroscience. Behavioral traits have distinct genetic correlations with brain morphology which suggests trait-specific relevance of ROIs. These empirical results illustrate how MGREML can be used to estimate internally consistent and high-dimensional genetic correlation matrices in large datasets.

scholarly journals Can Psychological Traits Explain Mobility Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062095257
Author(s):  
Ho Fai Chan ◽  
Jordan W. Moon ◽  
David A. Savage ◽  
Ahmed Skali ◽  
Benno Torgler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mobility Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

The current COVID-19 pandemic is a global, exogenous shock, impacting individuals’ decision making and behavior allowing researchers to test theories of personality by exploring how traits, in conjunction with individual and societal differences, affect compliance and cooperation. Study 1 used Google mobility data and nation-level personality data from 31 countries, both before and after region-specific legislative interventions, finding that agreeable nations are most consistently compliant with mobility restrictions. Study 2 ( N = 105,857) replicated these findings using individual-level data, showing that several personality traits predict sheltering in place behavior, but extraverts are especially likely to remain mobile. Overall, our analyses reveal robust relationships between traits and regulatory compliance (mobility behavior), both before and after region-specific legislative interventions, and the global declaration of the pandemic. Further, we find significant effects on reasons for leaving home, as well as age and gender differences, particularly relating to female agreeableness for previous and future social mobility behaviors. These sex differences, however, are only visible for those living in households with two or more people, suggesting that such findings may be driven by division of labor.

Breaking the frame: frame disputes of war and peace

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Ruffa ◽  
Ralph Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Organizational Frames ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Military ◽  
Frame Disputes

Frames guide the way in which organizations and individuals interpret their surrounding contexts and shape avenues for thought, action, and behavior. This paper tests the individual-level effects of experiencing ‘frame disputes’: the state of holding individual-level frames that are at odds with dominant organizational frames. We hypothesize that on the individual level a frame dispute will be associated with negative effects on outcomes important for an organization’s functioning. The hypothesis is tested using a survey of a battalion of Italian soldiers. Our results demonstrate that, on average, soldiers who experienced frame disputes in that they perceived their mission differently from the dominant organizational frame displayed significantly lower levels of perceived cohesion, performance, and legitimacy. Frame disputes are likely to be widespread phenomena among organizations and social movements, and understanding their effects has theoretical, empirical, and policy relevance beyond the military case under study.

scholarly journals RESETTLEMENT TRANSFORMATION AND LIVING CONDITIONS OF LOCAL POPULATION IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE MOSCOW SEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Маргарина Сергеевна Сергеева
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
The Creation

Показаны особенности прибрежного расселения в зоне крупного водохранилища (на примере Конаковского района Тверской области), представлена генетическая структура прибрежных сельских населённых пунктов, выявлены формы трансформации расселения в связи с созданием водохранилища и активным рекреационным освоением для организации отдыха столичных жителей. Представлены результаты онлайн-опроса местных жителей о проблемах, вызванных соседством с зонами и объектами элитного отдыха. The features of coastal resettlement in the zone of a large reservoir (on the example of Konakovsky district of Tver region) are shown, the genetic structure of coastal rural settlements is presented, forms of settlement transformation are identified in connection with the creation of a reservoir and active recreational development for organizing recreation for residents of the capital. The results of an online survey of local residents about the problems caused of proximity to areas and objects of elite recreation are presented.

scholarly journals Social construction of tourism attractiveness of the Russian cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna Rogach
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The City

The subject of this research is the Russian experience of social construction of tourism attractiveness of the territories. The object of this research is the practices of participation of the local residents in designing tourist destinations; advantages and consequences of the conversion of social capital of the local society into job opportunities, urban infrastructure, new social relations and symbolic goods. The author meticulously examines the multiplicative effect of involvement of the local population in creating formation of tourism attractiveness of the territory; reveals the advantages and risks of initiating the process of social construction. Particular attention is given to the analysis of interdependent relations of the local citizens that ensure holistic positioning of the territory as attractive for tourists. The empirical foundation for this research includes the following cities: Moscow, Veliky Ustyug, Myshkin, and Dzhubga. The leading research method is the traditional document analysis. For verification of research results, the author applies the methods of observation and questionnaire-based online survey on the Google platform. The main conclusions consist in the theses on multiplicative effect of the involvement of local population in social construction (formation and content of the professional-structural network, development of entrepreneurship, creative clusters, etc.). The author’s main contribution into this study lies in determining the need for structuring the conceptual row (symbolic status of the city), around which would develop social interactions between the local residents. Such approach allows creating the range of interrelated tourist products or services functioning in conceptual connection with each other.

scholarly journals Did Terrorism Affect Voting in the Brexit Referendum?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Bove ◽  
Georgios Efthyvoulou ◽  
Harry Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Eu Referendum ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article contributes to the recent research on Brexit and public opinion formation by contending that the determinants of the referendum results should be evaluated against the background of wider public security concerns. The British public has long regarded terrorism as a top concern, more so than in any other European country. Terrorist attacks on UK soil raised voters' awareness of security issues and their saliency in the context of the EU referendum. The study finds that locations affected by terrorist violence in their proximity exhibit an increase in the share of pro-Remain votes, particularly those that experienced more sensational attacks. Using individual-level data, the results show that in the aftermath of terrorist attacks, citizens are more likely to reconsider the security risks involved in leaving the EU.

The E-Government Surveillance in the United States

Biometrics ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1359-1381
Author(s):  
Ramona Sue McNeal ◽  
Mary Schmeida ◽  
Justin Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Government Surveillance

Since the 2001 U.S. Patriot Act passed in response to the 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S., government wiretapping powers have evolved in scope and practice. Although overall public opinion favors government protection from terrorism, public support for government surveillance has ebbed and flowed. Recently, public opinion polls suggest that there has been a shift from supporting government wiretapping activities toward protecting individual civil liberty. A number of competing explanations have developed from sources ranging from the literature on Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) to evolving beliefs about personal information privacy. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze factors predicting changing public support for government surveillance. Multivariate regression analysis and individual level data from the 2012 American National Election Time Series Study are used to test rival explanations.

Public opinion on climate change: Belief and concern, issue salience and support for government action

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-121
Author(s):  
Sam Crawley ◽  
Hilde Coffé ◽  
Ralph Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Individual

Climate policy across the developed world remains inadequate, despite high levels of concern about climate change among the public. Yet public opinion on climate change is complex, with individuals differing on three key opinion dimensions: belief and concern, issue salience, and support for government action. In this study, we investigate how these dimensions intersect at the individual level. Based on data from an online survey conducted in 2018 in the United Kingdom (N = 787), a latent class analysis reveals that there are five climate change opinion publics. The two largest publics have strong beliefs that climate change is occurring, but view it as a low salience issue, or are wary of government action to address it. We also investigate sociopolitical covariates of each public. By providing a detailed picture of climate change views, these findings can help us to better understand the relationship between public opinion and climate policy.

War Deaths Can Increase Support for Incumbents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Peter John Loewen ◽  
Daniel Rubenson
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
District Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Effects Of War

Abstract War comes with terrible costs both in terms of money and lives. Do voters punish incumbents for these costs? Much of the existing literature on the effects of war deaths on public opinion toward incumbents and their war efforts suggests that the answer is yes. We test this proposition on data from a non-US case: Canada's war in Afghanistan. We estimate models of the effect of local war deaths on incumbent support using individual-level panel data from the 2006, 2008 and 2011 Canadian Election Studies and aggregate district-level data from the 2008 and 2011 general elections. In none of our models do we find support for the conclusion that war deaths decrease support for candidates of the governing party. Instead, we find evidence at both the individual and district levels that support for Conservative party candidates is higher in districts that experienced war deaths.

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