International Trade in Services: A Growing Trend among Highly Skilled Migrants with Special Reference to Asia

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Garnier
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Asian Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The One

International trade in services gained worldwide recognition with the 1994 GATT Agreements in Marrakech. Its predominant role in international exchanges as well as its contribution to the development of a global economy is now widely acknowledged. An essential component of trade in services is cross-border movements of service providers. However, contemporary literature has focused on skilled migration in general without paying much attention to this major constituent and has resulted in confusion. On the one hand, there are international movements of skilled transients who emigrate for individual reasons in a long term perspective. On the other hand, there are skilled temporary migrants who perform services abroad without the intention or right to settle or seek employment in the host country. This study aims to clarify these differences using the example provided by the Asian Pacific region. Moreover, this study shows that the dynamics of skilled international migration is largely determined by the circulatory movement of skills of international service providers and has emerged as an essential component of economic development strategy of the countries in the region.

POSSIBILITIES OF REALIZATION OF SERVICE SECTOR POTENTIAL IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Melnichuk
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The World

The relevance of the study is due to the growing role of services in the world economy. Trade in services has become the dominant driver of economic growth and development in both developed and developing economies. Since the 1980s, data suggest that there is a stronger relationship between trade in services and gross domestic product (GDP) than in the case of commodity growth and GDP. It is noted that the quality of policies, regulations and institutional frameworks is a key factor in determining the effectiveness of services. As services are increasingly subject to liberalization through multilateral and regional trade agreements, it is important that countries develop harmonized approaches to internal regulation and trade liberalization in the services sector. The article identifies the features and characteristics of the service sector as a factor of multifaceted development and growth. The dynamics of international trade in services by geographical structure and types of development of countries is studied on the basis of statistical data of international organizations, taking into account the impact of the pandemic. It is noted that international trade in services is becoming an increasingly important part of global commerce. The problematic aspects of the activity of small business entities to enter foreign markets of services are considered. The issue of urgency of digital economy development for the sphere of services and contribution to world markets is outlined. Opening up the services sector has the potential to bring great benefits and deserves more attention. Further prospects for the realization of entrepreneurial potential in a comprehensive global economy are outlined. It is noted that services are an important part of the world economy, generating more than two-thirds of world gross domestic product (GDP), attracting more than three-quarters of foreign direct investment in developed economies, and creating most of new jobs worldwide. Establishing effective coordination mechanisms between trade negotiators, policymakers and regulators will be an important tool for the development of the global economy.

FDI and Trade in Services Towards Sustainable Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 369-381
Author(s):  
Madhabendra Sinha ◽  
Partha Pratim Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The paper empirically investigates the inter-linkage between FDI inflow and international trade in service sector in India. Service sector emerges as the fastest growing sector worldwide during current phase of globalization, contributing more than 60 percent of output and almost 35 percent of trade in global economy. The sector also accounted for 63 percent of global stock of FDI. With hosting a large amount of FDI inflow, Indian service sector is also identified globally due to its substantial improvement in growth and export in international market. So there needs a study to explore the theoretically established causal relationship between FDI inflow and international trade in services towards sustainable and service led economic growth in India. The authors collect monthly data from DIPP, Government of India and RBI over a globally witnessed emerging period from January 2009 to June 2016 and apply ADF and PP unit root tests followed by least square estimation after testing the seasonal effects. Their findings imply unidirectional causality between FDI inflow and export Indian services.

scholarly journals The Transformation of International Trade Unionism in the Era of Globalization

Just Labour ◽  
1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynald Bourque ◽  
Marc- Antonin Hennebert
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Congress ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

Following the Second World Congress of the International Trade UnionConfederation (ITUC) held from June 21 to 25, 2010in Vancouver, this articleexamines the changes undergone by international trade unionism in recent years.The increasing power of multinational corporations,as a result of globalization,has led to a transformation in international tradeunionism which has produced areorganization of its structures and the emergenceof new forms of action toensure the protection of workers’ rights worldwide.The key argument of thisarticle is that the evolution of the structures andpractices of international tradeunion organizations over the last two decades has been characterized by theimplementation of strategies aimed, on the one hand, at reinforcing trade unionunity and, on the other hand, at targeting multinational corporations. Lastly,although the transformation of international tradeunionism has given rise toimportant structural changes, international trade union organizations continue toface formidable challenges in their efforts to effectively contribute to theregulation of the global economy.

scholarly journals Seeking for A Development Strategy for Peru In A Volatile Global Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Zhilkin ◽  
Wilmer P. Chavarry G ◽  
Diana P. Chavarry
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Trade Sector

This article assesses the possibility of improving the development of the external economic sector in Latin America as a whole and in Peru in particular, by analyzing the theory of international trade and current economic trends in the world. By using statistics from the foreign trade sector and considering global trends in the international trade over the past decade

scholarly journals International Trade Agreements and Their Relation to Core Labor Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Shuhong Yu ◽  
Malik Zia-ud-Din
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
International Labor ◽  
International Labor Rights

The research is an attempt to comprehend with these issues and enunciate an argument that international labor rights and labor standards are a pivotal component of international trade, investment, and development strategy for the well-being of the entire society not only for the wealthy nations. Section 1 of the paper lays out unanimity of labor rights and standards depicted from different sources with evoking instances showing real concerns that have originated with the development of new universal trade. Section 2 illustrates various forums where the international labor rights assertion perhaps induced, through a discourse of multiple supervision or enforcement mechanism available under such forums. Last part of the paper concludes the study and proposes future initiatives to labor rights advocates from all discussions and further recommends new allegiances to international fair labor rights and standards by government, employers, and trade unions entered into a global economy.

FDI and Trade in Services Towards Sustainable Economic Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Madhabendra Sinha ◽  
Partha Pratim Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The paper empirically investigates the inter-linkage between FDI inflow and international trade in service sector in India. Service sector emerges as the fastest growing sector worldwide during current phase of globalization, contributing more than 60 percent of output and almost 35 percent of trade in global economy. The sector also accounted for 63 percent of global stock of FDI. With hosting a large amount of FDI inflow, Indian service sector is also identified globally due to its substantial improvement in growth and export in international market. So there needs a study to explore the theoretically established causal relationship between FDI inflow and international trade in services towards sustainable and service led economic growth in India. The authors collect monthly data from DIPP, Government of India and RBI over a globally witnessed emerging period from January 2009 to June 2016 and apply ADF and PP unit root tests followed by least square estimation after testing the seasonal effects. Their findings imply unidirectional causality between FDI inflow and export Indian services.

scholarly journals Trade Finance in Digital Era: Can FinTech Harness the Current Risks and Challenges?

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Safeza Mohd Sapian ◽  
Nurudeen Abdulkadir ◽  
Norhazlina Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Financial Service ◽  
High Price ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Trade Financing

Trade and commercial activities are the foundation and supporting pillars of the global economy. It is through trade, particularly international trade, that a country’s economy is developed and sustained. It is a fact that FinTech platforms help financial service providers to become more time and cost-efficient in delivering trade finance services, however, the moves come with a high price. As the system becomes complex, the risks associated with it are also high due to systemic vulnerabilities, hackers and security hurdles. This current state requires more rigorous risk identification and management systems along with proficient internal control system, especially for international trade and trade financing. It has propelled many financial intermediaries to be more competitive in committing to the development of digitised channels and propositions, preparing to cede market share to a new generation of providers that have already seized the imperative to respond to market evolution in international trade.  The main aim of this paper is to explore how far can FinTech platforms help the financial service providers to be more efficient in providing their services to the end-user while at the same time be excellent to harness the possibilities of cyber and FinTech risk in this digital era. The study reviews past studies done in this area, especially on the risks and challenges, the prospects and opportunities of FinTechs in trade financing and its ability to cope with the risks inherent in FinTech solutions. The findings show that the benefits of FinTech platforms outweigh the shortcomings and with sustained collaboration, standardization and a holistic approach to the development of FinTech solutions, the risks of digital transformations can be considerably reduced.

scholarly journals TRADE IN SERVICES LIBERALIZATION WITH RESPECT TO ASEAN FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON SERVICES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (127) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
O. Krinitsyn
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Zones ◽  
Structure Of Trade

Nowadays very dynamic and ambitious structural changes transform the global economy and international trade. Particularly noteworthy is not only the speed of global changes, but the coverage which affects almost the entire economic world. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations economies are no exception to these trends. While their rapid growth over the past few decades, largely driven by high exports of industrial products, services sector and trade in services began to gain importance recently. This article analyzes the volume, dynamics and structure of trade in services in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations with respect to the Framework Agreement on Trade in Services (AFAS) geography and development of free trade zones involving ASEAN. A comprehensive analysis of trade in services of individual sectors was performed. As a factor that contributes to international trade the Framework Agreement on Trade in Services was analyzed. Moreover free trade zones involving ASEAN were pointed out. This article analyzes the importance of comprehensive measures to successfully promote trade in services both within the region and with the rest of the world.

International trade: Research of the reasons for the fall

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Nazarov ◽  
S. S. Lazaryan ◽  
I. V. Nikonov ◽  
A. I. Votinov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Basic Commodity ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.

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