scholarly journals A Clinicopathologic and Epidemiologic Study of Chronic White Lesions in the Oral Mucosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. E13-E17
Author(s):  
Sampurna Ghosh ◽  
Sudipta Pal ◽  
Soumya Ghatak ◽  
Somnath Saha ◽  
Surajit Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Tobacco Chewing

Invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma is often preceded by the presence of clinically identifiable premalignant changes of the oral mucosa, including white lesions. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study to assess the clinicopathologic and epidemiologic aspects of chronic oral mucosal white lesions to determine the necessity of early biopsy in these cases. Our study population was made up of 77 patients—50 males and 27 females, aged 15 to 70 years (mean: 42.9)—who presented with white lesions persisting for at least 4 weeks. All but 3 patients underwent a biopsy; the 3 exceptions were diagnosed with smear-proven candidiasis. Patients with moderate or severe dysplasia underwent an excision biopsy. The buccal mucosa was the single most common site of white lesions, occurring in 15 patients (19.5%), although 21 patients (27.3%) exhibited a diffuse involvement of the oral mucosa. Of the 77 patients, 59 (76.6%) had concerning findings: premalignant lesions in 45 patients (58.4%) and malignant lesions in 14 (18.2%). Also, dysplasia was seen in 8 patients (10.4%), all of whom had premalignant lesions. Tobacco chewing (p = 0.008) and betel quid chewing (p = 0.029) were significantly associated with the development of premalignant and malignant lesions; a longer duration of tobacco chewing (≥10 yr) was significantly associated with a higher risk of malignant but not premalignant lesions (p = 0.031). Finally, illiteracy was a significant risk factor for premalignant and malignant lesions (p = 0.03). Our findings support the necessity of biopsy in every case. Early detection of oral carcinoma by biopsy of all oral white lesions would not only prevent patients from undergoing disfiguring surgery and chemoradiation, but it also would increase the 5-year survival rate.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among adults in selected slums of Chennai

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
K. Kokila ◽  
K. Chellavel Ganapathi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Population

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent epidemic. The true prevalence of CKD with in a population are very difficult to estimate, since early to moderate CKD were usually asymptomatic. ESRD in the consequence of CKD is one of the most expensive diseases to treat.Only way is to prevent it and Hence this was conducted to estimate the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors among adults in selected slums of Chennai.Methods: This is a cross sectional study done from May 2013 to June 2014 in selected slums of Chennai. The study population includes adult males and females. Multi stage sampling method used. Sample size covered was 400. A semi structured questionnaire used as tool. Based on the serum creatinine eGFR calculated using modified MDRD study equation and CKD prevalence was identified. The data was entered in MS excel and analyzed using SPSS version 21.Results: Total of 400 participants involved. Females were predominant in the study. Among them, 67 (16.8%) were diagnosed as CKD patients and Stage 1, 4.0% had stage 2, 3.6% had stage 3, 1.3% had stage 4 and 0.5% had stage 5 at the time of diagnosis.Conclusions: This study revealed prevalence of CKD among slum population was 16.8%. This study showed that old age, uncontrolled hypertension, uneducated, Diabetes with poor control, overuse of analgesics, H/o smoking, obesity, alcoholism, passive smoking, family H/o CKD and proteinuria were significant risk factor for CKD among study subjects. Slum population with risk factors should be regularly screened for CKD.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Children Enrolled in Preschools in Kafue District, Zambia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Siwila ◽  
Annette Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

Intestinal parasitic infections are common among children worldwide. This study was aimed at determining risk factors for infection with soil transmitted helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis, among children in preschools. The study was in two parts: a cross-sectional study in which data were collected from 403 children from 10 preschools and a longitudinal study in which 100 children from four preschools from the previous 10 were selected. Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 12.0%, while that of hookworm was 8.3%. Overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis was 28.0% and 29.0%, respectively. Low education level of parent/guardian was a significant risk factor for A. lumbricoides (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.02–5.41; P=0.04), while roofing types other than corrugated iron sheets were found to be protective for G. duodenalis infection in both bivariate and multivariate analyses (multivariate: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99; P=0.04). Low socioeconomic level was found to be protective for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–0.99; P=0.04). In the longitudinal study, none of the factors were associated with either infection. These findings may have implications for other preschools in other districts in Zambia.

scholarly journals Age, ethnic and travel-related disparities in kissing and sexual practices among heterosexual men in Melbourne, Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Finley J. Charleson ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
Lenka A. Vodstrcil ◽  
Catriona S. Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background The kissing practices of heterosexual men are not well understood, despite the potential of kissing to be a significant risk factor for gonorrhoea transmission. This study aimed to explore kissing and sex practices among heterosexual men. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among heterosexual men attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in 2016–2017 was conducted. Men were asked to report their number of kissing-only (in the absence of sex), sex-only (in the absence of kissing) and kissing-with-sex partners in the last 3 months. The mean number of each partner type was calculated, and multivariable negative binomial regression was used to investigate associations between the number of different types of partners and demographic characteristics. Results: Of the 2351 heterosexual men, men reported a mean of 2.98 kissing-only, 0.54 sex-only and 2.64 kissing-with-sex partners in the last 3 months. Younger men had a mean higher number of kissing-only partners than older men (4.52 partners among men aged ≤24 years compared with 1.75 partners among men ≥35 years, P < 0.001). Men born in Europe had the most kissing-only partners (mean: 5.16 partners) and men born in Asia had the fewest kissing-only partners (mean: 1.61 partners). Men recently arrived in Australia, including travellers from overseas, had significantly more kissing-only partners (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR): 1.53; 95% CI: 1.31–1.80) than local men. Conclusions: This study provides novel data about kissing practices of heterosexual men. Studies assessing oropharyngeal gonorrhoea should include measurements of kissing until studies can clarify its contribution to transmission risk.

scholarly journals Comparison of Laryngoscopic Views between C-MAC™ and Conventional Laryngoscopy in Patients with Multiple Preoperative Prognostic Criteria of Difficult Intubation. An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Amaniti ◽  
Panagiota Papakonstantinou ◽  
Dimitrios Gkinas ◽  
Ioannis Dalakakis ◽  
Evangelia Papapostolou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Laryngoscopic View ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intubation Difficulty ◽  
Difficulty Scale

Background and Objectives: Video laryngoscopy has been proven useful under difficult airway scenarios, but it is unclear whether anticipated improvement of visualization is related to specific difficult intubation prognostic factors. The present study evaluated the change in laryngoscopic view between conventional and C-MAC® laryngoscopy and the presence of multiple difficult intubation risk factors. Materials and Methods: Patients scheduled for elective surgery with >2 difficult intubation factors, (Mallampati, thyromental distance (TMD), interinscisor gap, buck teeth, upper lip bite test, cervical motility, body mass index (BMI)) were eligible. Patients underwent direct laryngoscopy (DL) followed by C-MAC™ laryngoscopy (VL) and intubation. Change of view between DL and VL, time for best view, intubation difficulty scale (IDS) and correlation between prognostic factors, laryngoscopic view improvement, and IDS were measured. Results: One-hundred and seventy-six patients completed the study. VL lead to fewer Cormarck–Lehane (C/L) III-IV, compared to DL (13.6% versus 54.6%, p < 0.001). The time to best view was also shorter (VL: 10.82 s, DL: 12.08 s, p = 0.19). Mallampati III-IV and TMD ≤ 6 cm were related to improvement of C/L between DL and VL. Logistic regression showed these two factors to be a significant risk factor of the glottis view change (p = 0.006, AUC-ROC = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47–0.66). 175/176 patients were intubated with VL. 108/176 were graded as 0 < IDS ≤ 5 and 12/176 as IDS > 5. IDS was only correlated to the VL view (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: VL improved laryngoscopic view in patients with multiple factors of difficult intubation. Mallampati and TMD were related to the improved view. However, intubation difficulty was only related to the VL view and not to prognostic factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of c-myc expression in breast lesions associated with microcalcifications detected by routine mammography

2009 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Coimbra Mazzini ◽  
Simone Elias ◽  
Afonso Celso Pinto Nazário ◽  
Cláudio Kemp ◽  
Ângela Flávia Logullo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malignant Lesions

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Genetic abnormalities in cell proliferation-regulating genes have been described in premalignant lesions. The aims here were to evaluate c-myc protein expression in non-palpable breast lesions associated with microcalcifications, detected by screening mammography, and to compare these results with histopathological, clinical and epidemiological variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection, in a university hospital in São Paulo. METHODS: Seventy-nine female patients who underwent routine mammography between 1998 and 2004 were studied. Lesions classified by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) as 4 or 5 underwent percutaneous biopsy using a large-core needle. Ninety-eight lesions were studied anatomopathologically. Paraffin blocks properly representing the lesions were selected for immunohistochemical analyses using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique with monoclonal mouse c-myc antibodies. RESULTS: Among the 98 lesions, 29 (29.6%) contained malignant neoplasia; 40 (40.8%) had a positive immunohistochemical reaction for c-myc. When the groups were divided between lesions without atypias versus atypical lesions plus malignant lesions, 31.03% of the 58 lesions without atypias were positive for c-myc and 55% of the 40 malignant and atypical lesions (P = 0.018). Comparing the atypical lesions with ductal carcinoma in situ versus the benign lesions without atypias, c-myc was present in 51.61% of the 31 atypical lesions and 31.03% of the benign lesions without atypias (P = 0.057). CONCLUSION: C-myc protein was more frequently expressed in atypical and malignant lesions than in benign lesions without atypias. C-myc expression correlated with the presence of atypias (P = 0.018).

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia: a pr

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Nila Kusumasari ◽  
Rinawati Rohsiswatmo ◽  
Djajadiman Gatot ◽  
Darlan Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

Background Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological abnormality in the neonatal period. Hemorrhagic manifestations are found in 10% cases of thrombocytopenia. Neonatal thrombocytopenia commonly assumed due to sepsis, despite many risk factors that may caused thrombocytopenia.Objective To obtain incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in April 2009. Complete blood counts investigation was performed before age of 24 hours, medical conditions and risk factors of mothers and subjects were noted, as well as hemorrhagic manifestations. Subjects with thrombocytopenia were followed for 2 weeks. The risk factors consisted of hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus, perinatal infection, asphyxia, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.Results Neonatal thrombocytopenia was found 17 (12.1%) of 140 subjects, consisted of 88.2% early onset and 11.8% late onset. Significant risk factor of mother was pre-eclampsia (PR 3.97, 95%CI 1.70 to 9.25), while significant risk factors of neonates were asphyxia (PR 5.66, 95%CI 2.49 to 12.86), sepsis (PR 5.33, 95%CI 2.33-12.19) and necrotizing enterocolitis (p=0.014; PR 9.2 95% CI 5.17 to14.84). We found 29.4% hemorrhagic cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia (i.e.,. skin, gastrointestinal, intracranial hemorrhage).Conclusions The incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 12.2%. Significant risk factor of mother that caused thrombocytopenia was pre-eclampsia, while risk factors of neonates were asphyxia, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis.[Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:31-7].

scholarly journals Nutritional status and childhood wheezing in rural Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1570-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader ◽  
Emiko Noguchi ◽  
Shams El Arifeen ◽  
Lars Åke Persson ◽  
Sophie E Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
International Study ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serum Total Ige

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between current childhood nutritional status and current wheezing among pre-school children in rural Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingMatlab region, rural Bangladesh.SubjectsChildren (n 912) aged 4·5 years. Anthropometric measurements of the mothers and their children were taken during a 1-year period from December 2007 to November 2008. Current wheezing was identified using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Serum total IgE was measured by human IgE quantitative ELISA. IgE specific antibody to dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) was measured by the CAP-FEIA system (Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden).ResultsWheezing at 4·5 years old was significantly associated with stunting (OR = 1·58; 95 % CI 1·13, 2·22) and underweight (OR = 1·39; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·94). The association with stunting remained significant after adjustment for sex, birth weight, birth length, gestational age at birth, mother's parity, maternal BMI, family history of asthma, socio-economic status, season of birth and intervention trial arm (OR = 1·74; 95 % CI 1·19, 2·56).ConclusionsStunting was a significant risk factor for wheezing among rural Bangladeshi children. Further studies will be required to confirm the relationship between nutritional status and allergic illnesses in developing countries.

The association of opium with coronary artery disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Sadeghian ◽  
Soodabeh Darvish ◽  
Gholamreza Davoodi ◽  
Mojtaba Salarifar ◽  
Mehran Mahmoodian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Vessel Score ◽  
First Time

Background The effects of opium consumption on coronary artery disease are still unknown. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2405 patients admitted to the Angiographic Ward at Tehran Heart Center from 7 May 2005 to 13 August 2005. Results After adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, opium consumption was a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease ( P=0.01 and odds ratio = 1.8). Moreover, the amount of opium consumption was associated significantly with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, as measured by clinical vessel score ( r=0.2, P=0.002). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time that the adverse effects of opium consumption on coronary arteries was defined. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil14:715-717 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology

scholarly journals Evaluation of individual awareness of diabetes, related risk factors and complications in urban and rural people of Noakhali region, Bangladesh: a population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Md Khorshed Alam ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Abhijit Das ◽  
Palash Karmakar ◽  
Pankaj Chandra Debnath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Secondary Study ◽  
The Individual

This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the individual awareness, related risk factors and complications of diabetes with socio-demographic profiles of the study individuals in Noakhali region, Bangladesh during June to December, 2013. A total 250 participants were selected randomly and data were collected using structured questionnaire. Among the respondents 47.20% were found male and 52.80% were female and majorities (52.00%) of the respondents were urban people. Respondents completed secondary study level or below were the dominant group. 9.20%, 27.20%, 12.80% and 34.40% respondents were agriculturist, businessman and housewives respectively. Women showed better knowledge about overall diabetes (20.00%) and blood glucose level (9.60%), in case of causes, symptoms and management men (12.80%, 23.20% and 18.40% respectively) were found dominant than women (10.00%, 16.00% and 12.00% respectively). It was found that 13.20% respondents were suffering from impaired glucose tolerance and 79.20% had diabetes mellitus where female were more vulnerable than male. Family history was found the significant risk factor (p= 0.016; Ç2 = 5.849) for diabetes (total 62%, male 40.65% and female 59.35%), Other risk factors like age (67.20%), obesity (46.40%), hypercholesterolemia (82.00%), excess triglyceride (78.00%) and hypertension (29.60%) remained insignificant respectively and in every cases female were found more vulnerable than men. Study revealed that knowledge regarding diabetes was not up to the mark to the respondents though it is now one of the most pandemic diseases in the world.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2016; 27(1) : 8-15

scholarly journals Asthma and Keratoconus: An analysis of the risk factors association with the severity of keratoconus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srujana Sahebjada ◽  
Elsie Chan ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Grant Snibson ◽  
Mark Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Abstract Background: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Australia to explore a wide range of risk factors associated with keratoconus. A questionnaire addressing age, gender, educational background, ocular and medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption, and physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements was collected; eye examination was undertaken. The associations between a range of risk factors and keratoconus was determined using univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses.Main Text: A total of 260 keratoconus subjects were included in this study. Mean age of subject was 35.5 (SD= 14.8) years and the majority of the subjects were European 171 (68.2%). Initial univariate regression analysis identified the following risk factors at the p<0.1 level with keratoconus: higher body mass index, smoking cigarettes, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma were associated with increased severity of keratoconus, whereas eczema was associated with less severe keratoconus. Following multivariable regression analysis, only asthma remained as a significant risk factor associated with 2.2 diopters (D) steeper average mean keratometry compared to keratoconus subjects having no asthma [p = 0.03; β= 2.18; 95% confidence intervals: 1.22, 4.14].Conclusion: Our study describes the comprehensive assessment of all the known risk factors in a large keratoconus cohort recruited in Australia. Our study has reported asthma as the only risk factor found to be significantly associated with keratoconus. The results of this study allow us to better understand the aetiology of keratoconus and such a knowledge could be useful in instigate systemic management of patients to slow or prevent keratoconus.

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