Network Exploration of Interdistrict School Choice Over Time in a Mandatory Open Enrollment State

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 171-198
Author(s):  
Matt Garcia
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Fiscal Impact ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
School District Leaders ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
Total Program ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Individual

Background: Early studies of district-level outcomes of interdistrict school choice policies found changes in how districts interact with one another and changes in districts’ per-pupil expenditures. More recent studies suggest that wider social and political consequences may result from interdistrict choice policies. Purpose: In Colorado, interdistrict school choice participation increased from 4.64% participation in the 2003–2004 fiscal year to almost 10% participation in the 2016–2017 fiscal year, shifting more than $7.79 billion in per-pupil revenue in the process. This suggests a corresponding shift in the social organization of schooling under Colorado’s statewide interdistrict school choice policy. Research Design: Quantitative studies on school choice policies typically examine the factors leading to individual choices when choosing schools or the individual outcomes of those choices. This study takes a different approach to quantitative analysis of school choice by employing separable temporal exponential random graph modeling (STERGM), a network analysis method, to examine patterns of student-enrollment ties that are created between school districts when students enroll outside their district of residence. Conclusions/Recommendations: School district leaders and policy makers should be cognizant of changes to the organization of education and the fiscal impact of those changes—especially given that findings from this study suggest that these changes may be out of their hands. Findings may have indirect impacts on matters such as mill levy and bond evaluations by way of total program formula calculations and may suggest a hidden destabilization of democratic processes, such as losing the interest of voters who send their students to a school in another district.

scholarly journals Economic interpretation of lost due to improper stump-height of trees in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
T. Subedi ◽  
M. Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Wood Products ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Economic Interpretation ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Trees

In recent years, import of timber and other wood products from different parts of the world have been increasing in Nepal. The Government of Nepal aims to be a self-sustain in timber production. In this context, the objective of this study was to estimate efficiency of harvesting practices in Nepal in relation to stump-height. We collected the data on the stump-heights and other biometric characteristics of the trees from different felling sites of Kailali, Kanchanpur, Jhapa and Morang districts of Nepal. The volumes of the individual trees as well as the proportions of the volumes of their stumps with different heights were calculated. Correlation and ANOVA were used to find the significance of the associated factors. The average stump-heights using the conventional felling method and the chain saw method were found to be 0.74±0.17m and 0.46±0.21m, respectively with wider range. The correlation between the stump-height and diameter at breast height (dbh) was found significant. Similarly, the harvesting method, skill and experience of the tree-fellers and tree species were also found to be significant with the stump-heights. On an average, 5% of the total timber production equivalent to one million cubic feet (cft) is lost in the Fiscal Year 2074/075 in Nepal while adopting the conventional method of harvesting because of the higher stump-height than the one prescribed by the Government. The estimated loss was NRs. 2 billion (roughly equivalent to US $ 20 million, @NRS 100 = 1 USD) to the national economy, and the Government had to bear loss of about NRs. 500 million (roughly equivalent to 5 million USD) from the royalty of timber. This amount of loss could be reduced to half by using power chain saw. Lack of skilled laborers, poor implementation of law, and weak knowledge of officials were major causes for losses in harvesting practices. Moreover, about 2% wood volume loss can be avoided, without any further investment, by setting minimum standard stump-height at 15 cm and providing training to the field staff and tree harvesters.

Examining the Significance of Internal Mobility Hiring in Determining the Individual Vs Organizational Outcomes: An Empirical Investigation from ADNOC FURSA Platform During Recent Pandemic of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Abudaqa ◽  
Seena Al Nuaimi ◽  
Hayfa Buhazzaa ◽  
Sumaya Al Hosani
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Natural Manner ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objective Scope: ADNOC group of companies introduced the Fursa platform which is an internal online website where HR acquisition partners among the 13 companies can post vacancies and employees from any of the 13 companies can apply to those vacancies. The aim of this initiative is to move ADNOC's employees internally to reskill, fill department gaps, and cross-collaborate to get a project done or hit an organizational goal with minimizing hiring cost and accelerate recruitment process. This study considers the above stated program as an explanatory factor to determine the individual's as well as organizational outcomes in ADNOC group of companies. Methods, Procedure, Process: To address the study objectives, qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted. More specifically, for quantitative approach, structural questionnaire was developed through adopting different items from the literature. Whereas qualitative analysis are conducted while using the information from structured interviews. Results, Observations, Conclusions: The study findings indicates that both individual and organizational outcomes are positively and significantly determined by internal mobility program. Similarly, analyses through qualitative approach confirms that internal mobility program helps to provide learning and development of the employees, productivity and performance in terms of individual outcomes, and sales and growth to reflect the concept of organizational outcomes. It is stated current program Enabled employees to find their next position, project, or mentor internally, and maximized ADNOC workforce potential and unlock the capacity to meet the corporate objectives. Other interesting outcomes are It takes less time and money to source (and saves money on relocation costs and as known during pandemic situation there is a restriction on international movement between countries); it enables faster onboarding and ramping up. Additionally, during internal mobility the company is confident that the candidate shares your mission and vision, and It also implies that you are aware of a candidate's most recent performance. Novel/Additive information: the study is unique in the sense that it is done in one of the giant oil and gas companies which employees working in different aspects of the business; upstream, downstream, and mid-stream. The study introduces modern ways of work in a speedy, natural manner, and the use of MS Teams to do virtual interviews. Fursa platform allows companies to act quickly. It only takes a few seconds to determine where talent should be directed, and a few more seconds to deploy it.

Achievements and Challenges I: A Five-Year Report on Consumer and System Outcomes from the Supported Employment Initiative

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael West ◽  
W. Grant Revell ◽  
Paul Wehman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Virginia Commonwealth University ◽  
Primary Service ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training ◽  
Individual Placement

This article presents results from the 1990 fiscal year survey of state supported employment implementation conducted by the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Supported Employment at Virginia Commonwealth University, and a longitudinal analysis of findings from the 5-year course of this investigation. State vocational rehabilitation agencies reported a total of 74,657 supported employment participants and 2,647 provider agencies for 1990. Persons with mental retardation continue to be the primary service group, but there has been a dramatic increase in the proportion of supported employment participants with mental illness. Among participants with mental retardation, those with mild retardation continue to be the primary recipients of services. Use of the individual placement model has also increased substantially, with a corresponding decrease in the use of most group options. The availability of extended services funding was found to be limited across a number of disability groups. Findings are discussed in relation to the achievements of the states in implementing supported employment, and challenges to the states for improving service access and delivery for individuals with severe disabilities.

When Is Proactivity Wise? A Review of Factors That Influence the Individual Outcomes of Proactive Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Parker ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jenny Liao
Keyword(s):  
Learning Orientation ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Individual

There is solid evidence that proactivity, defined as self-initiated and future-focused action to change oneself or the situation, can positively benefit individuals and organizations. However, this way of behaving can sometimes be ineffective or have negative consequences. We seek to understand what factors shape the effect of proactivity on individual-level outcomes. On the basis of a review of 95 articles, we identify three categories of factors that mitigate or exacerbate the effectiveness of proactive behavior: task and strategic considerations (e.g., situational judgment), social and relational considerations (e.g., having an open leader), and self-regulatory considerations (e.g., learning orientation). We then extrapolate from this review, and draw on psychological theories of wisdom, to suggest that individuals can be more or less “wise” in the proactive goals they set, and in how they pursue those goals. In closing, we identify further research directions that flow from the notion of wise proactivity.

Effects of Individuals' Motivations on Communications in Online Health Forums

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wu ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Hsinchun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Random Graph ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Health Networks ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Our aim was to analyze the effects of individuals' motivations, specifically reciprocity, experience, activity, and emotion, on their communications in an online health forum. We employed an exponential random graph approach to analyze concrete models embedded in online health networks. According to the research that we conducted over a 5-year period on a dataset drawn from a global diabetes forum, reciprocal information diffusion occurred in the forum; a high level of online activity had a positive impact for gratification of the individual user. Both having more experience and expressing polarized emotions played an important role in individuals' post contributions, however these factors had little influence on reply interaction among users. We also modeled post contribution and reply interaction in the same network in respect to the relationship-building processes, which may help in gaining more understanding about the mechanisms underlying communication in online health forums.

scholarly journals Globalization/Human Safety: A Biopolitical Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Biopolitics focuses on the impact of globalization on the well-being of the individual and society as a whole. Accordingly, issues of human security and the threats posed by the process of globalization, as well as the transition from a disciplinary regime to a regime of governance at the global level, which, based on democratic values and liberal norms, are raised. That is why the problem of social justice and equality is solved. The issue of human safety within global governance should be emphasized. It is about a sense of security as a basic human need. Moreover, it is about the global security necessary for the survival and reproduction of humanity as a whole. As well as the study of potential socio-political consequences of the development of biotechnology and genetic engineering in the global dimension. This huge set of issues must be concretized, systematized, and logically structured through the analysis of the impact of globalization on the state of the individual, its relationship with the concept of bios; introduction at the international level of the doctrines of social justice, protection of human and civil rights at the global level; study of potential socio-political consequences of the development of biotechnology in the global dimension; introduction of new biopolitical models of power, governance and international relations; analysis of the theory of global evolution.

School Choice and Educational Pluralism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bertagna ◽  
Francesco Magni
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Educational Pathways ◽  
Subsidiarity Principle ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
State Schools

The early 21st century is an age in which freedoms seem to expand continuously and without limits; in addition to the traditional market freedoms, there is freedom of choice related to gender, to sex, to family, to health, to life and to end of life—to name just a few domains that have embraced the ethos of individual freedom. Nonetheless, in this context of growing freedom for everybody, there is a particular freedom whose “domain” has been limited, especially in Italy: the freedom of choice related to school and education. The constraints placed upon freedom of educational choice defaults, perhaps unintentionally, to a standard orthodoxy enforced by the state and its supposedly omniscient bureaucracy. What is meant by “school choice”? It means the freedom to choose the school, the teachers, the educators, the experiences, and the educational pathways that one supposes best for one’s children, without incurring legal and economic penalties. It also means accepting that the government may regulate the system of state and non-state schools (i.e., it sets out the rules and main goals in terms of the learning and educational values with which teaching institutions should comply). Yet, to balance this, the government, except in cases of exceptional and regulated substitution according to the subsidiarity principle, may not ordinarily manage the organization and functioning of state schools and—more evidently—of non-state schools through a centralized governmental administration. These activities should be left to the individual responsibility of schools, families, companies, private investors, and the institutions of civil society. Last but not least, “school choice” means that the government bears the key responsibility of checking that schools comply with the established rules and values, and that students receive a satisfactory education, and of then making the results of those checks transparent and available for the public. This way, the government can give families very useful information that equips them to make their school choice responsibly.

scholarly journals Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 9469-9479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Tian ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
X. Peng ◽  
G. L. Shi ◽  
Y. C. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Receptor Models ◽  
Salt Ions ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Total Influence ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. To quantify the total, direct and indirect impacts of fireworks individually, size-resolved PM samples were collected before, during and after a Chinese folk festival (Chinese New Year) in a megacity in China. Through chemical analysis and morphological characterisation, a strong influence of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 was observed. The concentrations of many species exhibited an increasing trend during the heavy-firework period, especially for K+, Mg2+ and Cr; the results of the non-sea-salt ions demonstrated an anthropogenic influence on K+ and Mg2+. Then, source apportionment was conducted by receptor models and peak analysis (PA). The total influence of the fireworks was quantified by positive matrix factorisation (PMF), showing that the fireworks contributed higher fractions (23.40% for PM10 and 29.66% for PM2.5) during the heavy-firework period than during the light-firework period (4.28% for PM10 and 7.18% for PM2.5). The profiles of the total fireworks obtained by two independent methods (PMF and peak analysis) were consistent, with higher abundances of K+, Al, Si, Ca and organic carbon (OC). Finally, the individual contributions of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks were quantified by chemical mass balance (CMB). The percentage contributions of resuspended dust, biomass combustion and direct fireworks were 36.8 ± 8.37%, 14.1 ± 2.82% and 44.4 ± 8.26%, respectively, for PM10 and 34.9 ± 4.19%, 16.6 ± 3.05% and 52.5 ± 9.69%, respectively, for PM2.5, in terms of the total fireworks. The quantification of the total, direct and indirect impacts of fireworks in the ambient PM gives a original contribution for understanding the physicochemical characteristics and mechanisms of such high-intensity anthropogenic activities.

Beliefs about Social Fluidity and Preferences for Social Policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO M. JAIME-CASTILLO ◽  
ILDEFONSO MARQUÉS-PERALES
Keyword(s):  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Fluidity

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that attitudes toward social policy are influenced by expectations of social mobility at the individual level and perceptions of social fluidity at the aggregate level. If individuals think of inequalities as the result of inherited disadvantages, they will be more willing to distribute resources from the rich to the poor. However, one important question remains open: How do individuals perceive the distribution of opportunities in society? In this paper we argue that individuals believe a society to be fair if opportunities for reaching the top of the social ladder are equally distributed among the population. That is, the distribution of resources is fair to the extent that individual outcomes do not depend on social origins. To address this issue, we asked a representative sample of individuals in the Spanish region of Andalusia what they think the chances are for persons of different social origins to achieve a high social status. We have found that those who think the chances for reaching the top are unequally distributed are those who support greater government responsibility and oppose meritocracy and competition, as they believe the initial distribution of opportunities to be unfair.

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