The Coronavirus as a Revenge Effect: The Pandemic from the Perspective of Philosophy of Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 016224392110085
Author(s):  
Manuel Carabantes
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Modern Technique ◽  
The One

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic is a phenomenon of great interest from the point of view of philosophy of technique. In this paper, we propose an interpretation of its causes and its current and foreseeable effects through a dual theoretical framework. On the one hand, we will use Edward Tenner’s concept of the revenge effect, which refers to the phenomenon by which a technique produces unexpected consequences that cancel its objective. In this case, modern mobility techniques, by spreading the disease on a global scale, have produced the opposite effect, that is, the mobility limitations of lockdowns. On the other hand, we will embrace Jacques Ellul’s philosophy of technique, which shows how many problems produced by modern technique, such as the current pandemic, have an ultimate tendency toward the establishment of a centralized and authoritarian organization of humanity not compatible with the fundamental rights of liberal democracies. The conclusion drawn from these elements will be that the way the pandemic has been tackled supports Ellul’s prediction about the establishment of such an organization.

Economy and society: from Parsons through Habermas to semiotic institutionalism

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Heiskala
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Théorie Sociale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
The One ◽  
Cette Question

English The great transformation to modernity made the economy the major organizing factor of the social synthesis, thus bringing forth the issue of the economy/society relationship as the central problem of modern social theory. This article deals with two broad approaches to this problem: Parsons's and Habermas's variants of structural-functionalism, on the one hand, and various currents of (neo)institutionalism, on the other. An attempt to synthesize the benefits of these conflicting approaches is made from the point of view of semiotic institutionalism. What emerges is a general theoretical framework, which is better equipped than the original structural-functionalist and institutionalist conceptions for the analysis of the economy/society relationship. French Les grandes transformations vers la modernité ont fait de l'économie le principal facteur organisateur de la synthèse sociale, portant sur le devant de la scène la question de la relation économie/société en tant que question centrale de la théorie sociale moderne. L'article s'intéresse à deux grandes approches de cette question: les variantes structuro-fonctionnalistes de Parsons et Habermas d'une part, et divers courants du (néo)institutionnalisme de l'autre. L'auteur s'efforce de faire la synthèse des points forts de ces deux approches conflictuelles du point de vue de l'institutionnalisme sémiotique. Il en émerge un cadre théorique général plus adapté que les conceptions structurofonctionnalistes et institutionnalistes à l'analyse de la relation économie/société.

scholarly journals Cultural Ethos Constructed in Press Titles and Their Translation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Maria Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The One

The present study explores, from a contrastive point of view, the conditions that rule the political discourse in terms of linguistic politeness. By contrasting the data (examples drawn from press titles, mainly the French journal Le Monde Diplomatique and its’ translations into Greek), we will be able to discover the underlying operations and constraints that regulate the use of such markers and to reach conclusions about the existence or not of symmetrical uses of our two languages. The theoretical framework followed is that of Brown and Levinson and the one of the Theory of Enunciation. In the case of press titles translation, despite the possibility of using symmetrical structures in source text as well as in target text, different structures are mostly preferred. This discrepancy leads to hypothesis about different linguistic attitudes of each linguistic community reflected explicitly by the use of different syntactic/lexical markers. It is this awareness that enabled Brown and Levinson (1987: 248) to consider cross-cultural variation and recognise that some societies may be oriented towards one or the other type of politeness (i.e. negative or positive)», formulating the so called cultural ethos of each linguistic community.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

La logique de la preuve dans la littérature bartoliste Quelques explications à partir de la Summa circa testes et examinationem eorum (Ms. Bruxelles, B.R., II 1442, fol. 101 ra – 103 rb)

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-271
Author(s):  
Yves Mausen
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Premise ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Point ◽  
The One

Abstract The logic of evidence in Bartolistic literature, A reading of the Summa circa testes et examinationem eorum (Ms. Bruxelles, B.R., II 1442, fol.101 ra – 103 rb). – Bartolus teaches how to read testimonies from a logical point of view. On the one hand, the facts that the witness recounts constitute the minor premise of a syllogism, its conclusion being their legal characterization; therefore he is prohibited from pronouncing directly on any legal matter. On the other hand, given that the witness' knowledge of the facts has to stem from sensory perception, the information he provides has at least to constitute the minor premise of another syllogism, making for establishing the causa of his testimony.

XXVII.—The Inheritance of Long and Short Wings in the Weevil, Sitona hispidula, with a Discussion of Wing Reduction among Beetles

1928 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Reduction ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Evolutionary Point

It is well known that in many orders of typically winged insects species occur which in the adult stage are apterous or have the wings so reduced in size that flight is impossible. Sometimes the reduction of wings affects one sex only, as in the case of the females of certain moths, but in the majority of cases it is exhibited by both sexes. In many instances wing dimorphism occurs irrespective of sex, one form of the species having fully developed wings and the other greatly reduced wings. In some species the wings are polymorphic. The problem of the origin of reduced wings and of other functionless organs is one of great interest from the evolutionary point of view. Various theories have been advanced in explanation, but in the majority of cases the various aspects of the subject are too little known to warrant discussion. More experimental work is required to show how far environmental conditions on the one hand, and hereditary factors on the other, are responsible for this phenomenon. Those species which exhibit alary dimorphism afford material for the study of the inheritance of the two types of wings, but only in a few cases has this method of research been utilized.

Translation and interpretation in Abhidharmakośa

Diogenes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitko Momov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Young Scholar ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Rosemberg (1991) has made a critical review of a long-standing discussion between Eastern philologists and Buddhist philosophers. The discussion is centered around the translation of the doctrine on the one hand, and its philosophical systematization on the other hand. When scientific-philological translation prevails, the literal meaning of Buddhist terminology is declared to be its basis. The young scholar, who had specialized in Japan, studied Buddhism from Japanese and Chinese sources and collected lexicographic material from non-Hindu sources. After comparing them, he encountered inaccuracies in the translation. In an attempt to overcome them, he preferred the point of view of the philosophy of Buddhism. The conclusion that he has drawn in the preface of this edition is that the study should begin with a systematization of antiquity.

Philosophical Ideas of Yanaihara Tadao:Nationalism, Pacifism and the Concept of the “Just War”

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Anna D. Bertova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

Prominent Japanese economist, specialist in colonial politics, a professor of Im­perial Tokyo University, Yanaihara Tadao (1893‒1961) was one of a few people who dared to oppose the aggressive policy of Japanese government before and during the Second World War. He developed his own view of patriotism and na­tionalism, regarding as a true patriot a person who wished for the moral develop­ment of his or her country and fought the injustice. In the years leading up to the war he stated the necessity of pacifism, calling every war evil in the ultimate, divine sense, developing at the same time the concept of the «just war» (gisen­ron), which can be considered good seen from the point of view of this, imper­fect life. Yanaihara’s theory of pacifism is, on one hand, the continuation of the one proposed by his spiritual teacher, the founder of the Non-Church movement, Uchimura Kanzo (1861‒1930); one the other hand, being a person of different historical period, directly witnessing the boundless spread of Japanese militarism and enormous hardships brought by the war, Yanaihara introduced a number of corrections to the idealistic theory of his teacher and proposed quite a specific explanation of the international situation and the state of affairs in Japan. Yanai­hara’s philosophical concepts influenced greatly both his contemporaries and successors of the pacifist ideas in postwar Japan, and contributed to the dis­cussion about interrelations of pacifism and patriotism, and also patriotism and religion.

scholarly journals VII.—On the Geological History of the Cornish Serpentinous Rocks

1886 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
J. H. Collins
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Open Cavity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Great Mass

My argument that at Porthalla there is a “passage” from hornblende-schist to serpentine; or rather that some beds of a common series have been changed into serpentine, others into hornblende-schist, and others again into a substance of intermediate character, is, I think, much strengthened by the fact that many such “apparent passages” are admitted to exist by all those who have examined the Lizard Coast with any degree of detail. De la Beche's description of that seen near the Lizard Town is as follows, and it would apply equally well to the others. “The hornblende slate,” he says, “supports the great mass of the Lizard serpentine with an apparent passage of the one into the other in many places—an apparent passage somewhat embarrassing,” that is, from his point of view; from mine it is perfectly natural. He goes on to say: “Whatever the cause of this apparent passage may have been, it is very readily seen at Mullion Cove, at Pradanack Point, at the coast west of Lizard Town, and at several places on the east coast between Landewednack and Kennick Cove, more especially under the Balk … and at the remarkable cavern and open cavity named the Frying-Pan, near Cadgwith.” At Kynance some of the laminse of serpentine are not more than one-tenth of an inch in thickness for considerable distances.

Diversity and Harmonisation. Trends and Challenges in European Health Law

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Hartlev
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Law ◽  
European Level ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
European Health ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Values

AbstractEuropean countries share a number of fundamental values and ideas, but when it comes to the organisation of health care sectors and attitudes to basic patients’ rights, there are also vast differences. Consequently, at the European level health law has to balance between the aspiration for uniformity and universal respect for fundamental rights on the one hand, and acceptance of national diversity on the other. The aim of the article is to characterise European health law in terms of both divergence and harmonisation, and to explore the tension between these two features in light of current trends and challenges.

scholarly journals The theory of photographic processes, part II: On the chemical dynamics of development, including the microscopy of the image

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (509) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Dynamics ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Previous Communication ◽  
The One

The investigation of development described in a previous communication was extended by the application of microscopic methods. The fact that both the silver haloid and the resulting silver are distributed through the film in the form of particles of minute but measurable size, allows us in this way to detect finer qualitative differences in, and to draw independent deductions on the processes of exposure and development. The size of the grain is important, both from the practical point of view and from the theoretical: in the one case as bearing on spectroscopical and astronomical photography, in the other on account of the great importance of the degree of surface-extension for heterogeneous systems. The method has been used previously by Abney, Abegg, Kaiserling, Ebert, and others, but by far the most systematic and important inquiry is that of K. Schaum and V. Bellach.

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