A Factorial Representation of Suicidal Ideation among Academically Gifted Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerrell C. Cassady ◽  
Tracy L. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Gifted Youth ◽  
Gifted Adolescents ◽  
Factorial Representation ◽  
Academically Gifted

Suicidal ideation assessment has been employed as an early screening method for identifying adolescents who are at risk for engaging in suicidal behaviors. While recent evidence has emerged that gifted adolescents do not have a higher rate of suicidal ideation, research on the psychological and personality characteristics of gifted youth have demonstrated that they differ from nongifted students in their mental representations of self. Therefore, this study examined the factorial representation for suicidal ideation among an academically gifted population. The results reveal the structure of suicidal ideation for the gifted sample in this study differs from the established normal sample. Further, the factorial representation outlined for suicidal ideation in the gifted sample supported the suicide trajectory model (Stillion & McDowell, 1996), providing a theoretical base for future intervention and refined assessment.

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation, psychopathology and associated factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youdiil Ophinni ◽  
Adrian ◽  
Kristiana Siste ◽  
Martina Wiwie ◽  
Gina Anindyajati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Suicidal behavior is a prevalent psychiatric emergency in HIV-infected adults. Detection of suicidal ideation is important in planning early psychiatric intervention and optimizing HIV/AIDS management. Characterization of suicidal ideation among HIV-infected adults is crucial; however, practically there is no data in Indonesia, the country with the second largest burden of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. This study aims to identify suicidal ideation and analyze the associated psychopathology and determining factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected adults aged 18–65 years old receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measurement using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was performed to assess the existing psychopathology. Firth’s penalized logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results A total of 86 subjects were recruited. Most subjects were male (65.1%), median age was 35 years, and median latest CD4 count was 463 cells/μl. Lifetime suicidal ideation was identified in 20 subjects (23.3%). Mean SCL-90 T-score for depressive and anxiety symptoms were both significantly higher among subjects with suicidal ideation (M = 60.75, SD = 12.0, p = 0.000 and M = 57.9, SD = 2.8, p = 0.001, respectively) compared to those without. Bivariate analyses showed that lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, non-marital status, CD4 count < 500 cells/μl, and efavirenz use. Multivariate analysis identified that a single-point increase in SCL-90 depression symptoms score (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 4.5–123.6, p = 0.000) and efavirenz use (AOR 5.00, 95% CI 1.02–24.6, p = 0.048) were significant independent factors related to suicidal ideation. Conclusion Suicidal ideation is commonly found among Indonesian HIV-infected adults on ART. Depressive symptoms and efavirenz use are independent factors related to the presence of suicidal ideation. Thus, early screening of psychopathology as well as substitution of efavirenz with other ART regiment are recommended to prevent suicide and improve HIV/AIDS management outcome.

Sports Participation among Academically Gifted Adolescents: Relationship to the Multidimensional Self-Concept

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne N. Rinn ◽  
Steven R. Wininger
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Gender Interactions ◽  
Gifted Adolescents ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Academically Gifted

This study compares academically gifted students who engage in sports to academically gifted students who do not engage in sports on measures of the multidimensional self-concept. Participants include 264 gifted adolescents who had completed the 6th through 10th grade during the previous academic year. Sports participation was measured by asking participants whether or not they participated in organized sports. Multiple facets of self-concept were measured using the Self Description Questionnaire II (Marsh, 1990). Results indicate gifted adolescents who engage in sports have higher physical abilities self-concepts than those who do not engage in sports. No grade level or gender interactions were found. Conclusions and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of screening for risk of suicide: randomised controlled trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. Crawford ◽  
Lavanya Thana ◽  
Caroline Methuen ◽  
Pradip Ghosh ◽  
Sian V. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundConcerns have been expressed about the impact that screening for risk of suicide may have on a person's mental health.AimsTo examine whether screening for suicidal ideation among people who attend primary care services and have signs of depression increases the short-term incidence of feeling that life is not worth living.MethodIn a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial, 443 patients in four general practices were randomised to screening for suicidal ideation or control questions on health and lifestyle (trial registration: ISRCTN84692657). The primary outcome was thinking that life is not worth living measured 10–14 days after randomisation. Secondary outcome measures comprised other aspects of suicidal ideation and behaviour.ResultsA total of 443 participants were randomised to early (n = 230) or delayed screening (n = 213). Their mean age was 48.5 years (s.d. = 18.4, range 16–92) and 137 (30.9%) were male. The adjusted odds of experiencing thoughts that life was not worth living at follow-up among those randomised to early compared with delayed screening was 0.88 (95% CI 0.66–1.18). Differences in secondary outcomes between the two groups were not seen. Among those randomised to early screening, 37 people (22.3%) reported thinking about taking their life at baseline and 24 (14.6%) that they had this thought 2 weeks later.ConclusionsScreening for suicidal ideation in primary care among people who have signs of depression does not appear to induce feelings that life is not worth living.

Psychological Types of Academically Gifted Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Cross ◽  
Kristie L. Speirs Neumeister ◽  
Jerrell C. Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Types ◽  
Gifted Adolescents ◽  
Academically Gifted

Gifted students’ readiness for college

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P Gomez-Arizaga ◽  
Leonor Conejeros-Solar
Keyword(s):  
Academic Support ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Transition To College ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
University Admission ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Voucher Schools ◽  
Admission Test ◽  
Gifted Youth ◽  
Gifted Adolescents

Gifted students’ performance on a Chilean university admission test, Prueba de Selección Universitaria (PSU), was investigated in this study. Sixty-six students participating in an enrichment-based university program for gifted youth were selected. The sample included both male and female gifted adolescents who studied in public and voucher (charter) high schools. The purpose was to investigate which combination of factors was the best predictor of students’ scores and the differences between male and female students’ performance. Only intelligence, as measured by the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test, correlated with the scores on the PSU. Males from voucher schools outperformed females on the PSU. Providing academic support and adequate preparation has been discussed as an important element for college readiness, successful transition to college, and to diminish the existing performance gap between students from different types of schools in Chile.

scholarly journals Combining High Yields and Blast Resistance in Rice (Oryza spp.): A Screening under Upland and Lowland Conditions in Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octaviano Yelome ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Sofie Landschoot ◽  
Alexandre Dansi ◽  
Wouter Vanhove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
High Yield Potential

The future security of the supply of rice for food in Africa depends on improving the level of local production to achieve self-sufficiency. In order to cope with the existing gap between production and actual demand, combining a high level of rice blast tolerance and a high-yield potential is necessary. The current study was conducted under upland and lowland conditions in Benin to gain insight into the performance of selected blast-resistant accessions along with some currently grown varieties. This study revealed a high phenotypic variability among these accessions. Furthermore, differences in the performance of these accessions under lowland and upland conditions were observed. Principal component analysis showed their grouping in three clusters. The analysis also demonstrated a high yield potential among the blast-resistant rice accessions whether they were Oryza sativa or O. glaberrima. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between yield and both spikelet fertility and growth cycle duration. In conclusion, the present study identified promising rice accessions for future breeding. High phenotypic variability in combination with interesting traits can help to develop new resilient varieties. Finally, when the traits correlate with yield, they can be used as markers for an early screening method for identifying promising accessions at an early stage.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation, Attempt, and Determining Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huluagresh Bitew ◽  
Gashaw Andargie ◽  
Agitu Tadesse ◽  
Amsalu Belete ◽  
Wubalem Fekadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Suicide is a serious cause of mortality worldwide and is considered as a psychiatric emergency. Suicide is more frequent in peoples living with HIV/AIDS than in general population.Objective. To assess the proportion and determining factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among peoples living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia.Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2015 by selecting 393 participants using systematic random sampling technique. Suicide manual of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to collect data. Logistic regression was carried out and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was computed.Results. The proportion of suicidal ideation and attempt was 33.6% and 20.1%, respectively. Female sex (AOR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.27–5.22), marital status (AOR = 13.5, 95%CI: 4.69–39.13), depression (AOR = 17.0, 95%CI: 8.76–33.26), CD4 level (AOR = 2.57, 95%CI: 1.34–4.90), and presence of opportunistic infection (AOR = 5.23, 95%CI: 2.51–10.88) were associated with suicidal ideation, whereas marital status (AOR = 8.44, 95%CI: 3.117–22.84), perceived HIV stigma (AOR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.45–5.99), opportunistic infection (AOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.18–4.76), and poor social support (AOR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.58–5.41) were significantly associated with suicidal attempt.Conclusion. Suicidal ideation and attempt were high among HIV positive patients. Therefore early screening, treatment, and referral of suicidal patients are necessary in HIV clinics.

scholarly journals Selection for Increased Budbreak in Apple

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan F. Labuschagné ◽  
J.H. Louw ◽  
Karin Schmidt ◽  
Annalene Sadie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Combined Selection

Significant response to selection for budbreak number (NB) based on data recorded on 1-year-old shoots of young apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.) seedlings (Expt. I) and branches from adult seedling trees (Expt. II) has been demonstrated in clonally propagated seedling trees. Between family variation for NB was low and masked by year × family interaction effects. Realized heritability for NB was estimated as 40% to 60%. Correlated response in uniformity and position of budbreak, and in the number and length of side shoots, was found. Association between the time of budbreak (TB) and NB, according to midparent and cross groupings, and according to the parental means, indicate a positive genetic correlation between these traits. Where data on adult trees were used as a measure of selection response and tested on young clonal trees, significant response and genetic variation was shown, confirming the presence of utilizable genetic variance and that this procedure may be successfully applied as an early screening method for increased budbreak in adult trees. Combined selection utilizing genetic variance between crosses as well as within crosses is proposed as the best procedure to increase the frequency of seedlings with increased budbreak and to improve adaptation to low winter chilling conditions.

scholarly journals Correlation of yield with early seedling performance and physio-biochemical traits in Basmati rice mutants subjected to heat stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Zial-ul- Qamar ◽  
Fatma Sarsu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Paddy Yield

The present study aims at deciphering the response of Basmati rice mutants to high temperature stress. The work aims to find an early screening method by correlating seedling and physiological response to yields. After rigorous screening in controlled environment (growth chamber) and field conditions over a period of four years 16 mutants’ lines were selected: HTT-18, HTT-29, HTT-31, HTT-39, HTT-51, HTT-53, HTT-74, HTT-81, HTT-92, HTT-97, HTT-98, HTT-104, HTT-114, HTT-119, HTT-132 and HTT-138. These have been tested against standards: Super Basmati and IR-64. Field trials were conducted at three locations while early seedling-stage traits and their biochemical analyses were studied in growth chamber experiments. Data of seedling traits were used to establish correlations with paddy yield under hot field conditions. The temperatures were high at two sites: Multan and Bahawalpur ranging 24-46 °C and 25-45 °C respectively), and relatively lower at NIAB field station (26-45 °C. The paddy yield was significantly correlated with early seedling-stage traits such as shoot length (0.79**), shoot fresh and dry weight (0.48* and 0.49*), and cell membrane thermo-stability (0.60**). Additionally, significant higher activities of antioxidants (SOD and APX) and lower stress indicators (MDA, esterase and TOS) were observed in the heat tolerant mutants. These mutants were classified for their heat tolerance by principle component analysis (PCA) using yield-correlated early seedling-stage and other physio-biochemical parameters. As a result, the heat tolerance classification of mutants based on PCA coincided with the yield of mutants grown under hot field conditions. The present study suggests that these seedling parameters may be used as surrogates for field performance and used in the selection of thermo-tolerant Basmati rice

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