Fear the Government? A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Government Funding on Nonprofit Advocacy Engagement

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nonprofit Advocacy

This article examines the impact of government funding on nonprofit participation in policy advocacy. Previous literature has proposed that government funding may either encourage or inhibit nonprofit involvement in policy advocacy. This study, using a meta-analysis of 38 existing studies with 218 effect sizes, finds a slight positive association between the level of government funding a nonprofit receives and the level of policy advocacy the nonprofit participates in. Government funding could be a weak catalyst, rather than an obstacle, for nonprofits to participate in the policy process. Furthermore, the study finds that this effect of government funding might be generalizable to non-U.S. countries. Government funding is also associated with nonprofits’ increasing use of insider advocacy strategy. Overall, government funding seems not a key predictor of the level of nonprofit advocacy engagement. Nonprofit leaders should not consider government funding a barrier for them to fulfill their critical advocacy obligations.

Organizational Antecedents of Nonprofit Engagement in Policy Advocacy: A Meta-Analytical Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 177S-203S ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Organizational Size ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Organizational Antecedents ◽  
Private Donations ◽  
Nonprofit Advocacy

Policy advocacy by nonprofits has attracted substantial scholarly interest in recent years. Although considerable empirical studies have examined factors influencing nonprofit participation in policy advocacy, the existing evidence remains inconsistent as to what factors influence nonprofits to engage in policy advocacy and to what extent. The present study conducts a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize existing studies on the organizational antecedents of nonprofit advocacy engagement. Through systematically reviewing 46 studies and aggregating 559 effect sizes on 17 organizational predictors, the study finds organizational size, professionalization, board support, constituent involvement, knowledge about laws, government funding, private donations, foundation funding, collaboration, and negative policy environment have positive and significant relationships with a nonprofit’s level of advocacy engagement. The study contributes a clear knowledge base to guide future nonprofit advocacy research and practice.

scholarly journals A protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of thigmotactic behaviour in the open field test in rodent models associated with persistent pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e100135
Author(s):  
Xue Ying Zhang ◽  
Jan Vollert ◽  
Emily S Sena ◽  
Andrew SC Rice ◽  
Nadia Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Animal Pain ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThigmotaxis is an innate predator avoidance behaviour of rodents and is enhanced when animals are under stress. It is characterised by the preference of a rodent to seek shelter, rather than expose itself to the aversive open area. The behaviour has been proposed to be a measurable construct that can address the impact of pain on rodent behaviour. This systematic review will assess whether thigmotaxis can be influenced by experimental persistent pain and attenuated by pharmacological interventions in rodents.Search strategyWe will conduct search on three electronic databases to identify studies in which thigmotaxis was used as an outcome measure contextualised to a rodent model associated with persistent pain. All studies published until the date of the search will be considered.Screening and annotationTwo independent reviewers will screen studies based on the order of (1) titles and abstracts, and (2) full texts.Data management and reportingFor meta-analysis, we will extract thigmotactic behavioural data and calculate effect sizes. Effect sizes will be combined using a random-effects model. We will assess heterogeneity and identify sources of heterogeneity. A risk-of-bias assessment will be conducted to evaluate study quality. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots, Egger’s regression and trim-and-fill analysis. We will also extract stimulus-evoked limb withdrawal data to assess its correlation with thigmotaxis in the same animals. The evidence obtained will provide a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and limitations of using thigmotactic outcome measure in animal pain research so that future experimental designs can be optimised. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines and disseminate the review findings through publication and conference presentation.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Natural Gas to the Paradigm of Energy Transition in Portugal: Economy, Continuity of Supply and Welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Nuno Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The present paper presents an analysis on the role of Natural Gas (NG) in Portugal facing the new requirements. The analyses is based on the economic, societal and environmental aspects, being the major reasons to align the Government strategy, define policies and reproduce the EU directives. The analyses do not reflect on the pandemic and financial crisis because the author considers that these factors are outside of the energy system and have not been steady along the period in study, thereby it can mislead the conclusions. This study relies mostly on non-empirical research, in which the research adopted both inductive and deductive reasoning to theorize logical assumptions about the Portuguese energy market. Building on reflection and personal observation on the field, the researchers carried out this article by gathering relevant data (i.e., statistics) through critical studies, systematic review of literature and meta-analysis on the theme. Therefore, the methodology used is based mainly on qualitative exploration of secondary sources and data, out of which one will pull out insights. The novelty of the study is to take in consider-ation all the above factors and produce results that are more adequate to reality, as all of them are interconnected and by changing one of them it will be changes in the remain. The open literature mainly focusses on the economic, the energetic, the social or the environmental aspects and neglects the others. One can conclude that there is economic advantage on efficiently distributing and consuming NG. Also, the impact of NG on a society welfare is positive. Last, the NG brings flexibility to the grid, which is more and more important in the perspective and ambition to increase the share of intermittent renewable energies.

Lag as moderator meta-analysis: A methodological approach for synthesizing longitudinal data

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel A. Card
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

Longitudinal data are common and essential to understanding human development. This paper introduces an approach to synthesizing longitudinal research findings called lag as moderator meta-analysis (LAMMA). This approach capitalizes on between-study variability in time lags studied in order to identify the impact of lag on estimates of stability and longitudinal prediction. The paper introduces linear, nonlinear, and mixed-effects approaches to LAMMA, and presents an illustrative example (with syntax and annotated output available as online Supplementary Materials). Several extensions of the basic LAMMA are considered, including artifact correction, multiple effect sizes from studies, and incorporating age as a predictor. It is hoped that LAMMA provides a framework for synthesizing longitudinal data to promote greater accumulation of knowledge in developmental science.

scholarly journals Influence of Pilot and Small Trials in Meta-Analyses of Behavioral Interventions: A Meta-epidemiological Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
R. Glenn Weaver ◽  
John P.A. Ioannidis ◽  
Alexis Jones ◽  
Lauren von Klinggraeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Pilot/feasibility or studies with small sample sizes may be associated with inflated effects. This study explores the vibration of effect sizes (VoE) in meta-analyses when considering different inclusion criteria based upon sample size or pilot/feasibility status. Methods: Searches were conducted for meta-analyses of behavioral interventions on topics related to the prevention/treatment of childhood obesity from 01-2016 to 10-2019. The computed summary effect sizes (ES) were extracted from each meta-analysis. Individual studies included in the meta-analyses were classified into one of the following four categories: self-identified pilot/feasibility studies or based upon sample size (N≤100, N>100, and N>370 the upper 75th of sample size). The VoE was defined as the absolute difference (ABS) between the re-estimations of summary ES restricted to study classifications compared to the originally reported summary ES. Concordance (kappa) of statistical significance between summary ES was assessed. Fixed and random effects models and meta-regressions were estimated. Three case studies are presented to illustrate the impact of including pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies on the estimated summary ES.Results: A total of 1,602 effect sizes, representing 145 reported summary ES, were extracted from 48 meta-analyses containing 603 unique studies (avg. 22 avg. meta-analysis, range 2-108) and included 227,217 participants. Pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies comprised 22% (0-58%) and 21% (0-83%) of studies. Meta-regression indicated the ABS between the re-estimated and original summary ES where summary ES were comprised of ≥40% of N≤100 studies was 0.29. The ABS ES was 0.46 when summary ES comprised of >80% of both pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies. Where ≤40% of the studies comprising a summary ES had N>370, the ABS ES ranged from 0.20-0.30. Concordance was low when removing both pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies (kappa=0.53) and restricting analyses only to the largest studies (N>370, kappa=0.35), with 20% and 26% of the originally reported statistically significant ES rendered non-significant. Reanalysis of the three case study meta-analyses resulted in the re-estimated ES rendered either non-significant or half of the originally reported ES. Conclusions: When meta-analyses of behavioral interventions include a substantial proportion of both pilot/feasibility and N≤100 studies, summary ES can be affected markedly and should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals An Analysis on the Influence of R&D Fiscal and Tax Subsidies on Regional Innovation Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12707
Author(s):  
Weijiang Liu ◽  
Yue Bai
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Tax Subsidies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

To promote the National Mid-andLong-Term Scientific and Technical Development Program, utilizing the technical innovation data from 30 provinces of China from2002–2016, this paper evaluates the inter-provincial differences of China’s regional innovation efficiency from four aspects of technical efficiency, efficiency index change, returns to scale, and projection analysis by using the DEA-Malmquist index method and constructs of the DEA-Tobit random response model to explore the impact of government funding on regional innovation efficiency. The research results show that: (1) The local development of regional innovation efficiency in China is unbalanced, and the level of pure technical efficiency restricts the improvement of innovation efficiency. (2) In the prophase of the scientific and technical development plan, technological progress has led to the growth of total factor productivity, resulting in the formation of scale effect; in the later stage, the scale return shows an overall increasing trend, and the continuous expansion of technological scale and opportunities has improved the regional innovation efficiency. (3) The R&D fiscal and tax subsidies have policy sustainability, and the direct government funding can significantly improve innovation efficiency, while the enterprises investment is opposite, and the pretax additional deduction has a negative but not significant impact. The government should give priority to direct subsidy and supplemented by tax preference, making reasonable policy allocations to expand the policy effect.

scholarly journals Simulating public interest: the issue of the public voice in the fee-for-carriage debate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Williams
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Hearings ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
The Impact

"One of the most fractious Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC, or the Commission) policy hearings on record has recently come to a close. This was no run-of-the-mill, watch-the-paint-dry policy hearing. Tempers and passions flared as two industry titans, over-the-air (OTA) broadcasters, such as CTV and Canwest Global, and broadcast distribution undertakings (BDUs) such as Shaw Communications, Bell Canada and Rogers Inc. fought the battle of their lives over an issue called fee-for-carriage (FFC). The media covered the issues day in and day out. Canadians bombarded the CRTC with dose to 200,000 comments and the Government of Canada forced the CRTC to hold an additional hearing just to address the impact the decision could have on the public. With extensive media coverage and uncharacteristically active public participation, could this public policy process be deemed 'democracy in action'? This paper will argue that this is not the case. Through a discourse analysis of the debate within two distinctly differentiated public spheres -- 1) the battling media campaigns and 2) the CRTC public hearings in November and December of 2009 -- this paper will show that the public's ability to define its own interest, using its own voice, is tarnished to such a severe degree that this policy process fails"--From Introduction (page 3).

scholarly journals Meta-analysis The Validity of Learning Media E-learning Based on Edmodo for Senior High School Biology Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Annissa Delfira
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Education ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Validity Criteria ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

         The impact of Covid-19 affects aspects of life, one of which is the education aspect. The government makes policies in the education sector by shifting the face-to-face learning process online. Online learning can be done with e-learning media. The type of e-learning that can be used in the learning process is edmodo. Edmodo is a web, iOS and Android-based learning platform that looks like Facebook and is easy to use for beginners. Edmodo-based e-learning media can be used in the online learning process after meeting the eligibility indicators of validity. The validity results can be obtained based on an assessment of the aspects contained in the validity indicator according to the 2008 Ministry of National Education criteria, namely the aspects of feasibility of content, language, presentation and, graphics. Various study findings regarding validity indicators in previous studies are difficult to accumulate in quantitative form. Researchers used meta-analysis methods to obtain validity results that were easily accumulated and systematic, so researchers used 8 relevant articles. Based on the analysis of the 8 articles, the results show that 4 articles have fulfilled the validity criteria according to the Ministry of National Education (2008), namely the aspects of the feasibility of content, language, presentation, and graphics. Meanwhile, 4 other articles have not used the validity criteria according to the 2008 Ministry of National Education This shows that the 8 articles analyzed, only 4 articles met the valid qualifications according to the 2008 Ministry of National Education criteria.

Belief in the Code of the Street and Individual Involvement in Offending: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 154120402092773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Moule ◽  
Bryanna Fox
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Code Of The Street ◽  
Weighted Correlation

Anderson’s Code of the Street thesis suggests that stronger belief in, and adherence to, subcultural “street code” norms increases the risk of criminal and aggressive behaviors, particularly among adolescents and young adults in urban communities. This study uses a meta-analysis to assess the overall relationship between individual belief in the street code and risk of offending. Effect sizes ( n = 38) from 20 unique studies produced a weighted correlation ( r) of .11, indicating a belief in the street code had a positive association with offending across all studies. The effect is strongest for violent offending (.13) and among samples comprised of adolescents (.14), as predicted by Anderson’s theory. Even after accounting for competing theoretical and established correlates of offending, modest effects of street code beliefs on offending remained. These findings indicate that overall, the street code is a more general theory than Anderson originally predicted. Directions for future research on the code are discussed.

Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on mortality in community acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 839-848
Author(s):  
Hui Ma ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Yongxiang Zhang ◽  
Zhen Ye ◽  
Wei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

Background: The aim of the present study was to systematically review the exiting literature and to proceed a meta-analysis to determine the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia. Materials & methods: Eligible studies were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used as effect estimates. Results: Twenty cohort studies were included. Analysis of unadjusted data revealed nonsignificant short- and long-term mortality associated with COPD. Analysis of adjusted 30-days mortality showed similarly no association between COPD and increased 30-days mortality (OR: 1.06, [0.68, 1.44]) but a positive association when COPD was confirmed spirometrically (OR: 1.84, [1.06, 2.62]). Conclusion: There is still no evidence to clear the impact of COPD on mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia. More prospective studies with spirometrically-defined COPD and adequate adjustment for confounders are needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document