Narrative Speech in the Elderly: Effects of Age and Education on Telling Stories

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Language Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Metacognitive Skills ◽  
Narrative Competence ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Story Elements

A cross-linguistic study of elderly people's capacity to tell stories in the presence of a pictorial representation is presented; 184 subjects were grouped by age (50-59) and 70-71 years), sex, years of formal education, and language (Catalan, English, French, Galician, and Spanish). Narrative speech was analysed with respect to six variables: story structure; story quality; tangential sentences; descriptive sentences; cohesion links and place deixis. The results show that the ability to understand and tell stories declines with increasing age regardless of language. Education increases capacity to tell stories, but sex has no influence. We conclude that the elderly's capacity to integrate all story elements and to create a mental representation of events and relations between events may be reduced. We suggest that education enhances adults' narrative speech because it improves the metacognitive skills involved in narrative competence.

Validity and Reliability of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE)

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Zahra Jafari ◽  
Ida Ghaemmagham Farahani ◽  
Vahid Rashedi
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Farsi Version

Abstract. This study examines the psychometric properties of the IQCODE and its applicability in the Iranian elderly population. A group of 95 elderly patients with at least 4 years of formal education who fulfilled the criteria of DSM-IV-TR for dementia were examined by the MMSE and the AMTs. The Farsi version of the IQCODE was subsequently administered to their primary caregivers. Results showed a significant correlation ( p = .01) between the score of the questionnaire and the results of the MMSE ( r = −0.647) and AMTs ( r = −0.641). A high internal reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α = 0.927) and test-retest reliability by correlation coefficient ( r = 0.81). This study found that the IQCODE has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used for evaluating the cognitive state in the elderly population of Iran.

scholarly journals O QUE SE VÊ E O QUE SE APRENDE: educação e construção de identidades na Praça Mary de Pinho

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Jesus Marmanillo Pereira ◽  
Allison Bezerra Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urban Places ◽  
The Town

A proposta deste artigo é colocar a praça como espaço de construção do conhecimento ambiental, por meio da educação não formal. A pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como ocorre a relação entre os processos de percepção ambiental e as práticas socioespaciais na formação de lugares urbanos. Para tanto, este estudo buscou analisar o cotidiano de um conjunto de atores (crianças, idosos, transeuntes e jovens) na Praça Mary de Pinho, na cidade de Imperatriz-MA. O levantamento, de cunho etnográfico, inclui observação, diário de campo, conversações, produção de fotografias e descrição das interações entre os agentes do espaço. As visitas exploratórias ocorreram entre os meses de março e junho de 2016 e mostram que é possível aproximar os papéis das percepções ambientais e os processos educativos desenvolvidos nos espaços públicos de lazer.Palavras-chave: Praça Mary de Pinho; Imperatriz; Educação Ambiental.WHAT YOU SEE AND WHAT YOU LEARN: education and construction of identities from the Mary de Pinho SquareABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to place the square as a central space in the construction of environmental knowledge through non-formal education. The research aims to understand how is the relationship between the processes of environmental awareness and socio-spatial practices in the construction of urban places. Therefore, this study investigates the daily life of a set of actors (children, the elderly, pedestrians and young people) in the Plaza de Pinho Mary in the town of Imperatriz-MA. The survey, ethnographic, includes observation, field diary, conversations, photos and description of the interactions between the space agent. Exploratory visits took place between March and June 2016 and show that it is possible to approach the roles of environmental perceptions and educational processes developed in public spaces for leisure.Keywords: Square Mary de Pinho; Imperatriz; Environmental Education. LO QUE VE Y LO QUE SE APRENDE: La educación y la construcción de las identidades de la plaza Mary de PinhoRESUMENEl propósito de este artículo es colocar la plaza como un espacio central en la construcción del conocimiento ambiental a través de la educación no formal. La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender cómo es la relación entre los procesos de la conciencia ambiental y prácticas socio-espaciales en la construcción de lugares urbanos. Por lo tanto, este estudio investiga la vida cotidiana de un conjunto de actores (niños, ancianos, peatones y jóvenes) en la Plaza de Mary dePinho en Imperatriz-MA. La encuesta, etnográfico, incluye la observación, diario de campo, conversaciones, fotos y descripción de las interacciones entre el agente de espacio. Visitas exploratorias se llevaron a cabo entre marzo y junio de 2016 y muestran que es posible acercarse a los roles de las percepciones ambientales y los procesos educativos que se desarrollan en espacios públicos para el ocio.Palabras clave: Plaza Mary de Pinho; Imperatriz; Educación Ambiental.

scholarly journals Stroke death profiles in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Da Mota Iglesias ◽  
Liara Eickhoff Coppetti ◽  
Marcela Menezes Teixeira ◽  
Paula Loredo Siminovich ◽  
Bernardo Neuhaus Lignati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Stroke Death

Background: In most cases, strokes are events with an abrupt onset characterized by a neurological deficit attributed to a focal vascular cause. Such events can have ischemic or hemorrhagic origin with diagnosis attributed to clinical and imaging exams. In this work, we analyze the profile of deaths by stroke in the Brazilian population, outlining an overview of the disease in Brazil. Objective: Analyze stroke death profiles between the years 2010 and 2019. Methodology: We perform a descriptive documentary study based on the Mortality Information System (SIM) for the years 2010 to 2019, made available by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) Information Department. Our study is delimited by age, starting from 15-year-olds, and considering the ICD-10 I64 pathologies. Results: In the analyzed period, 400.395 stroke deaths were registered. Over the years, these deaths showed a decrease of approximately 24.47% with 2011 being the year with the highest number of registered deaths (n=44 892). The southeast region registered most deaths with 38.18% of the total. The most affected groups were men (50.79%), whites (46.43%), over 80 years-old (41.80%) and with no formal education (27.31%). Conclusion: There is a decrease in stroke cases in Brazil between 2010 and 2019. The high prevalence of deaths from stroke in the elderly highlights the need for greater control of modifiable risk factors to reduce mortality. Thus, the continuous improvement of socioeconomic, educational, and hospital care conditions in Brazil is necessary.

scholarly journals Elder Health Literacy

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Health Literacy ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Health Education Materials

The public health impact of limited literacy has begun to be explored. The elderly and those with limited formal education are often the most vulnerable populations at risk of having low health literacy. Health promotion specialists must be cognizant of the literacy demands of health education materials (e.g., pamphlets, questionnaires) distributed to the elderly. Care must be taken to ensure that health education materials are both linguistically and culturally appropriate for whom they are intended.

scholarly journals Conceptual issues in strategy research: Examining the roles of teachers and students in formal education settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Thomas ◽  
Heath Rose ◽  
Punjaporn Pojanapunya
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Learner Agency

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the field of language learning strategies, focusing on definitional and conceptual issues as they relate to strategy use in formal education settings. The article first provides evidence of the conflation of language learning strategies with concepts related to self-directedness. It provides evidence via a corpus-based analysis of published papers over time to illustrate that the field has moved away from instructed settings and towards a view of learner agency and self-regulation. We argue that this is a dangerous trend for language education researchers, as current definitions minimize the role of the teacher and classroom contexts in influencing strategic behavior in their students. A conceptualization and subsequent definition that does not stigmatize or exclude learners who are not self-directed, for whatever reason(s), is crucial to advance the field. As a solution, we propose that self-regulation be defined as a dynamic characteristic of learning strategies in order to allow for other-regulated strategies in research. Theorizing the interplay of the self and strategies on a continuum helps to emphasize the dynamic processes of strategic development, and the roles teachers and students in instructed settings can play in this process.

scholarly journals The influence of schooling on cognitive screening test in the elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Christofoletti ◽  
Merlyn Mércia Oliani ◽  
Florindo Stella ◽  
Sebastião Gobbi ◽  
Lílian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Screening Battery ◽  
Cognitive Screening Test

Abstract Introduction: Tests for screening cognitive functions are gaining importance with the increasing incidence and prevalence of demential syndromes. For our elderly population, the challenge is to develop neuropsychological tests independent from the influence of educational level. Objective: To compare the influence of education on the elderly with or without cognitive decline, on the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB). Methods: We studied 176 elderly people: 60 with cognitive decline (aged 73.6±9.3 years and with 5.7±0.7 years of education) and 116 without cognitive impairments (aged 73.4±0.6 years and with 5.6±0.5 years of education). The BCSB was applied in all subjects. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics and analyzed by Independent Student test with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The data showed that the BCSB is an appropriate battery for identifying cognitive status in normal elderly individuals, as well as cognitive decline in our elderly sample. The BCSB items were not significantly influenced by schooling years, making this test favorable for different groups characterized by illiterate individuals, as well as by those with low or high levels of formal education. Conclusion: The BCSB proved to be a useful cognitive screening test for old people with or without cognitive decline independent of their educational level.

scholarly journals Factors associated with risk of malnutrition in the elderly in south-eastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Damião ◽  
Álvaro da Silva Santos ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Paulo Rossi Menezes
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition risk and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and health characteristics in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study with individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Socioeconomic, behavioral, and health information was also collected from all participants. The association between each variable and the risk of malnutrition was calculated and adjusted using Poisson hierarchical regression. Results: The initial sample consisted of 3,101 elderly people, of whom 28.3% (95%CI 25.3 - 31.4%) were at risk of malnutrition. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk of malnutrition was significantly higher in women without formal education, who did not live with a partner, and identified as black-skinned. The risk of malnutrition was twice as high in individuals with no family income as compared to those who earned at least three minimum wages. Smokers were also more likely to be at risk of malnutrition than individuals who had never smoked. Participants suffering from kidney, respiratory or heart disease were at higher risk of malnutrition than those with no history of such illnesses. Conclusion: These findings could be used to help in the development of health policies and in the establishment of adequate programs aimed at reducing the risk of malnutrition in this population.

When estimating reachability in space, young children and the elderly are similar

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Gabbard ◽  
Priscila Caçola
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Extrapersonal Space ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reach Space ◽  
Total Accuracy

Abstract: This study examined the age-related ability to mentally represent action in the context of reach estimation via use of motor imagery in children, young adults, and a group of older adults. Participants were instructed to estimate whether randomly presented targets in peripersonal (within actual reach) and extrapersonal (beyond reach) space were within or out of reach of their dominant limb while seated. In regard to total accuracy, results indicated that children and older adults were similar, but scores were significantly lower than those of young adults. Whereas all groups displayed greater error in extrapersonal space, once again children and older adults were similar, but significantly different than young adults. That is, children and older adults displayed greater overestimation responses. Although other factors are discussed, the literature provides a hint that differences are due in part to distinctions in brain structure and functioning. Key Words: Mental representation, motor imagery, action processing. 

scholarly journals Formal and non-formal education in enhancing the well-being and security of older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-E) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Olga Aleksandrovna Anikeeva ◽  
Valeria Viktorovna Sizikova ◽  
Yanina Vasilevna Shimanovskaya ◽  
Svetlana N. Fomina ◽  
Oksana V. Besschetnova
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Professional Activities

The study of the needs of the elderly and the possibilities to activate their life position and improve their well-being and social security was carried out using the methods of a questionnaire, expert survey, interviewing, and testing. The results were tested in a socio-pedagogical experiment. The conclusions derived as a result of the study show that the potential of the elderly is used to a lesser extent than required by the elderly themselves and society as a whole. At the same time, the level of education directly affects the quality of life, the level of well-being of older people, and the degree of their involvement in professional activities and social activity. Overall, there is a direct correlation between the level of education of older people and their adaptation in modern society, as well as between senior citizens’ level of education and satisfaction with life.

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