Who Should Care for Our Children?

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa N. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Longitudinal Methods ◽  
Center Care ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The issue of child care is still widely debated, with some scholars arguing that children fare best in parental care, whereas others suggest center care may enhance children's development. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort of 1998 to 1999, the author demonstrates how the use of cross-sectional versus longitudinal analysis results in different conclusions regarding types of care. Cross-sectional analysis indicates that children who had been in center care the year prior to kindergarten exhibited advanced math and reading skills over their parental care counterparts but poorer peer-related social skills net of background controls. However, employing longitudinal analysis that controls for fall test scores of kindergartners and first graders shows that the cognitive effects of center care do not persist and that some social skills actually deteriorate. Longitudinal analyses more successfully isolate the effect of child care than do cross-sectional analyses, and models employing longitudinal methods suggest that children benefit less from the center care experience than previously thought.

Association between the FINDRISC score and the risk of metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Godoi Bernardes Da Silva ◽  
R Dias Santos ◽  
M Sommer Bittencourt ◽  
J.A.M Carvalho ◽  
M Franken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Introduction The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) was developed in Europe to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk without need of laboratory tests. Small cross-sectional studies analyzed the association between RF with metabolic syndrome (MS) or hepatic steatosis (HS). Our objective was to test the association of FINDRISC with MS or HS, in a transversal and longitudinal way. Methods In 41,668 individuals (age 41.9±9.7 years; 30.8% women) who underwent health evaluation between 2008 and 2016 in a single centre in Brazil, we tested the transversal association between FINDRISC and MS or HS, in multivariate models. The same analyzes were performed longitudinally in non-diabetic subgroups, followed for 5±3 years, to test the predictive value of FINDRISC and the incidental risk of MS (n=10,075 individuals) or HS (n=7,097 individuals), using logistic regression. Models were adjusted for confounders such as sex, use of medications for dyslipidemia, smoking, and baseline plasma levels of glucose, creatinine and lipids. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discriminative and predictive values of FINDRISC for MS and HS. Results In the cross-sectional analysis, 2,252 (5%) individuals had MS and 14,176 (34%) HS. In the longitudinal analysis, there were 302 cases of incidental MS (2%) and 1,096 cases of HS (15%). FINDRISC was independently associated with MS and HS in the cross-sectional analysis (respectively, OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.25–1.28, P<0.001; and OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.20–1.22, P<0.001, per FINDRISC unit) and in longitudinal analysis (respectively, OR of 1.18, 95% CI: 1.15–1.21, P<0.001; and OR of 1.10, 95% CI: 1.08–1.11, P<0.001, per FINDRISC unit). In comparison with individuals with low FINDRISC, those with moderate, high and very high values showed significant and proportional increases of the 12 to 77 fold in the chance of current SM (P<0.001) and 3 to 10 fold in the chance of HS (P<0.001). During follow-up, these increases were 3 to 10 fold in the chance of incidental MS (P<0.001) and 1 to 3 fold in the chance of HS (P<0.001). The AUC from cross-sectional analysis for MS and HS were respectively 0.82 (95% CI 0.81–0.83) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.75–0.76), and in longitudinal analysis 0.73 (95% CI 0.70–0.76) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.61–0.65), respectively. Conclusion FINDRISC was associated with the presence and onset of MS and HS, but it predicted better metabolic syndrome risk than hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this simple, practical and low-cost score can be useful for population screening and identification of subgroups of individuals at higher risk future metabolic diseases. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Associations between perceived stress, quality of life and complementary health practices in Japanese outpatients: a multicenter observational study

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Kimura ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuo ◽  
Naoharu Iida ◽  
Yoshiteru Maki ◽  
Kiyoshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Biofield Therapy ◽  
Sectional Analysis

In Japan and other countries, complementary health practices based on lifestyle modification such as exercise, diet, art and culture, gardening, and biofield therapy, have received increasing attention. This study was conducted to demonstrate associations between perceived stress, quality of life (QOL), and these complementary health practices. Computer-assisted data collection was conducted with Japanese outpatients in 10 clinics. Participants completed questionnaires that measured socioeconomic status (SES) and frequencies of complementary health practices. Psychological stress was measured using the 10-Item Japanese version of the Perceived Stress Scale. QOL was measured using the 10-Item Mokichi Okada Association Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using linear regression modeling. Baseline data of 1480 participants were available for cross-sectional analysis and data of 318 participants were available at follow-up for longitudinal analysis. Gender differences were not observed in stress and QOL, but age was positively correlated with QOL, and negatively with stress. A multiple regression model adjusted for age, gender, and SES indicated weak associations between each health practice and QOL in the cross-sectional (β=0.14-0.28) and the longitudinal analysis (β=0.17-0.27). Moreover, negative associations between each health practice and stress varied from -0.08 to -0.18, with the exception of biofield therapy in the cross-sectional analysis. In the longitudinal analysis, associations varied from -0.13 to -0.27, but diet and biofield therapy were not significantly associated with stress. These results suggest that complementary health practices had a significant effect on maintaining, or improving QOL, as well as in reducing stress of Japanese outpatients.

scholarly journals Cognitive decline heralds onset of symptomatic inherited prion disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mole ◽  
Simon Mead ◽  
Peter Rudge ◽  
Akin Nihat ◽  
Mok Tzehow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The clinical effectiveness of any disease-modifying treatment for prion disease, as for other neurodegenerative disorders, will depend on early treatment before damage to neural tissue is irrevocable. Thus, there is a need to identify markers which predict disease onset in healthy at-risk individuals. Whilst imaging and neurophysiological biomarkers have shown limited use in this regard, we recently reported progressive neurophysiological changes in healthy people with the inherited prion disease mutation P102L (Rudge et al, Brain 2019). We have also previously demonstrated a signature pattern of fronto-parietal dysfunction in mild prion disease (Caine et al., 2015; 2018). Here we address whether these cognitive features anticipate the onset of symptoms in a unique sample of patients with inherited prion disease. In the cross-sectional analysis, we analysed the performance of patients at three time points in the course of disease onset: prior to symptoms (n = 27), onset of subjective symptoms without positive clinical findings (n = 8) and symptomatic with positive clinical findings (n = 24). In the longitudinal analysis, we analysed data from twenty four patients who were presymptomatic at the time of recruitment and were followed up over a period of up to seventeen years, of whom sixteen remained healthy and eight converted to become symptomatic. In the cross-sectional analysis, the key finding was that, relative to a group of 25 healthy non-gene carrier controls, patients with subjective symptoms but without positive clinical findings were impaired on a smaller but very similar set of tests (Trail Making Test part A, Stroop Test, Performance IQ, gesture repetition, figure recall) to those previously found to be impaired in mild prion disease (Caine et al., 2015; 2018). In the longitudinal analysis, Trail Making Test parts A and B, Stroop test and Performance IQ scores significantly discriminated between patients who remained presymptomatic and those who converted, even before the converters reached criteria for formal diagnosis. Notably, performance on the Stroop test significantly discriminated between presymptomatic patients and converters before the onset of clinical symptoms (AUC = .83 (95% CI, 0.62, 1.00), p =.009). Thus, we report here, for the first time, neuropsychological abnormalities in healthy patients prior to either symptom onset or clinical diagnosis of IPD. This constitutes an important component of an evolving profile of clinical and biomarker abnormalities in this crucial group for preventive medicine.

scholarly journals P1597 15-year follow-up of regional right and left ventricular function after the Senning operation: a colour-Doppler myocardial imaging study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Moya ◽  
L Roggen ◽  
E Troost ◽  
P De Meester ◽  
W Budts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Myocardial Imaging ◽  
Systolic Strain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peak Systolic Strain ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract OnBehalf Ana Moya, 1994 Introduction Although the development of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients who underwent an atrial switch procedure is a major concern, long-term follow-up data on the evolution of myocardial function over time, especially using deformation myocardial imaging, is still lacking. Purpose This study aimed (1) at evaluating regional (base-mid-apex) RV and left ventricular (LV) function using Colour-Doppler myocardial imaging over a 15-year follow-up period (longitudinal analysis) and (2) at comparing results with age- and gender-matched controls (cross-sectional analysis). Methods For the longitudinal analysis, we compared systolic and diastolic function between 2004 and 2019 in 10 Senning patients. For the cross-sectional analysis, we compared the subaortic RV (sRV) of Senning patients with the RV and LV of matched controls and the subpulmonary LV (spLV) of Senning patients with the LV of matched controls. Results The longitudinal analysis (2004-2019) of sRV function showed a significant decrease in peak systolic strain (-16.9 ± 7.1% vs -12.0 ± 4.0%; P = 0.045), peak systolic strain rate (-1.1 ± 0.3s-1 vs -0.8 ± 0.4s-1; P = 0.003) and peak early diastolic velocity (-2.0 ± 1.2 cm/s vs -1.0 ± 0.5 cm/s; P = 0.036) at the apex. spLV function showed a significant decrease in peak systolic velocity (mid: 5.6 ± 1.8 cm/s vs 3.7 ± 1.1 cm/s; P = 0.013 and apex: 5.0 ± 1.7 cm/s vs 2.1 ± 1.2 cm/s; P = 0.011) and peak systolic strain rate (mid: -1.7 ± 0.5s-1 vs -1.0 ± 0.4s-1; P = 0.048). The cross-sectional analysis revealed significant lower values for peak systolic velocity, peak systolic strain rate, peak systolic strain at all myocardial regions of the sRV when compared to both LV and RV of matched controls (all P < 0.05). Similarly, early and late diastolic velocity were lower when compared to controls (P < 0.05). The spLV showed lower values for peak systolic velocity and peak systolic strain rate (mid and apex, P < 0.05), but not for peak systolic strain when compared to the LV of matched controls. Conclusion Our study shows little change in systolic and diastolic sRV function over a 15-year period, except in the apical region. Interestingly, there was a decline of spLV systolic function which may be of clinical value. On the other hand, when compared to age- and gender-matched controls, both the sRV and spLV of Senning patients exhibit significantly decreased measurements of longitudinal systolic and diastolic function.

The role of LCPUFA-ω3 on the obesity-associated hyperandrogenemia of pubertal girls: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Mardia Guadalupe López-Alarcón ◽  
Víctor Saúl Vital-Reyes ◽  
Francisco Iván Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Jorge Maldonado-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractIntroductionHyperandrogenism (HA), either clinical or biochemical, is associated with obesity in adolescent girls. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ω3 (LCPUFA-ω3) play protective roles in some obesity-associated morbidities, but their contribution to preventing HA is unclear. Our aim was to examine the potential positive relationships between erythrocyte LCPUFA-ω3, with or without supplementation, and hyperandrogenemia.MethodsSecondary analysis of a clinical trial that was conducted previously to analyze the effect of LCPUFA-ω3 on insulin resistance and body weight. Here, we present a cross-sectional analysis of 180 girls with obesity, and a longitudinal analysis of 117 girls who completed a 3-month supplementation period (57 LCPUFA-ω3 [DO3] and 60 placebo [DP)]). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total testosterone (TT) and steroid hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured with chemiluminescence; free testosterone (FT) was calculated. Erythrocyte fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Non-parametric statistics was used for analysis.ResultsIn cross-sectional analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.78; p = 0.027), insulin (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10; p = 0.018), and erythrocytes eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.65; p = 0.012) were predictors of hyperandrogenemia (FT >0.63 ng/mL). In longitudinal analysis, EPA, adiponectin and SHBG increased, while FT decreased, in the DO3 group (p < 0.05). The risk of hyperandrogenemia at the end of follow-up was predicted by basal hyperandrogenemia (OR = 18.16, 95% CI: 5.37, 61.4; p < 0.001) and by increases in EPA (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.65; p = 0.06 marginal significance).ConclusionsOur results suggest a preventive role of EPA on the risk for hyperandrogenemia in girls with obesity, but further studies are needed to demonstrate a benefit.

How do relationship desire and sociability relate to each other among singles? Longitudinal analysis of the Pairfam survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 2634-2650
Author(s):  
Elyakim Kislev
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Longitudinal Methods ◽  
Social Satisfaction ◽  
Social Lives

This study examines the effect of relationship desire on singles’ social lives and vice versa. Based on the German-based Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics study, never-married singles and divorced singles were analyzed. Cross-sectional results showed a correlation between the extent to which singles desire relationship and both the relative importance of friendships and overall social satisfaction. Further analysis, using longitudinal methods, showed that the move to a lower degree of relationship desire had a significant effect on the relative importance of friends. Furthermore, both higher levels of the relative importance of friends and social satisfaction are negatively correlated with relationship desire. These results clarify previous studies and point to the fact that singles with low relationship desire are more social and derive greater support from their friends.

scholarly journals Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Analysis of Correlates of Morale in Old Age

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Shahtahmasebi
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Component ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The North ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This paper examines recurrent continuous morale in old age within a statistical modelling paradigm. The Anglicised Philadelphia Geriatric Centre Morale Scale was used as a small component of a major longitudinal study of old age in rural North Wales, U.K. The literature review and cross-sectional analysis of morale in old age is published elsewhere. This paper deals with the aspect of the longitudinal analysis of morale in old age. The proposed statistical modelling relates recurrent morale to a set of explanatory variables that includes subjective as well as objective measures. In order to assess the degree to which explanatory variables influence morale, an adequate statistical model must handle the possibility that substantial variation between respondents will be due to unmeasured and potentially unmeasurable variables (residual heterogeneity), multicollinearity, and past behaviour effect. These applications are illustrated using morale in old age from the North Wales Longitudinal Study Old Age. The results suggested a strong presence of heterogeneity effect, i.e., current levels of morale appear to be individual specific and independent of its previous levels.

Abstract P270: Prediction of Telomere Shortening Using a Genetic Risk Score: The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (mesa)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Castro-Diehl ◽  
Jennifer Smith ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Elissa Epel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

In epidemiological studies, telomere shortening has been associated with age-related diseases and mortality. We assessed whether a genetic risk score (GRS) combining seven telomere length (TL)-associated genetic variants identified in a European-American genome-wide association study (GWAS) predicts TL and change in TL over 10 years in a multi-ethnic sample. Research Hypotheses: 1. In cross-sectional analysis, the GRS will be inversely associated with TL. 2. In longitudinal analysis, the GRS will be associated with change in TL over a 10-year period. Methods: TL was assessed on a sample of 1198 white, African-American and Hispanic participants, who attended both, MESA Exam 1 and 5, 10 years apart. Participants were 45-84 years at Exam 1. We used MESA measured or imputed genotype data to create the TL GRS and constructed the GRS using weighted estimates from the prior GWAS. Our main exposure was TL GRS. For hypothesis 1, we used linear mixed-effects model (LMEM) including all valid observations from both exams and adjusted for an exam indicator, age, sex and specific genetic principal components (PC). For hypothesis 2, we used LMEM with time-varying covariates and adjusted for follow-up time since Exam 1, age, sex and PC. We stratified our analysis by race/ethnic group and used the top three race/ethnic-specific genetic PC to account for population stratification. Results: In cross-sectional analysis, we observed a significant inverse association between GRS and TL (estimates= -0.18 (S.E.=0.08), P =0.02 for white; -0.18 (0.07), P <0.01 for black; and -0.13 (0.05), P =0.01 for Hispanic) after full adjustment. In the longitudinal analysis, only among Hispanics, higher TL GRS predicted a reduction in TL over a 10-year period (-0.22 (0.06, P <0.001)), but after adjustment for PC, the association became not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the cross-sectional analysis, higher TL GRS was associated with shorter TL in the three race/ethnic groups studied. TL GRS did not predict telomere attrition in any of the race/ethnic groups.

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