scholarly journals African Americans in Standard Behavioral Treatment for Obesity, 2001-2015: What Have We Learned?

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel W. Goode ◽  
Mindi A. Styn ◽  
Dara D. Mendez ◽  
Tiffany L. Gary-Webb
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Large N ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Disproportionate Burden

African Americans (AAs) bear a disproportionate burden of the obesity epidemic, yet have historically been underrepresented in weight loss research. We conducted a narrative review of large ( N > 75) randomized prospective clinical trials of standard behavioral treatment for weight loss that reported results in the past 15 years (2001-2015) to (a) determine the rates of inclusion and reported results for AAs and (b) further identify strategies that may result in improved outcomes. Of the 23 trials reviewed, 69.6% of the studies met or exceeded population estimates for AAs in the United States. However, only 10 reported outcomes and/or considered race in the analytic approach. At 6 months, AA participants consistently lost less weight than White participants. The use of culturally tailored intervention materials and monthly personal telephone calls were reported as factors that may have enhanced treatment response. Future behavioral weight loss trials should also increase reporting of outcomes by race.

scholarly journals A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet Is Effective for Weight Loss: The Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-510
Author(s):  
Michael Greger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Whole Plant

What does the best available balance of scientific evidence show is the optimum way to lose weight? Calorie density, water content, protein source, and other components significantly influence the effectiveness of different dietary regimes for weight loss. By “walling off your calories,” preferentially deriving your macronutrients from structurally intact plant foods, some calories remain trapped within indigestible cell walls, which then blunts the glycemic impact, activates the ileal brake, and delivers prebiotics to the gut microbiome. This may help explain why the current evidence indicates that a whole food, plant-based diet achieves greater weight loss compared with other dietary interventions that do not restrict calories or mandate exercise. So, the most effective diet for weight loss appears to be the only diet shown to reverse heart disease in the majority of patients. Plant-based diets have also been found to help treat, arrest, and reverse other leading chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, whereas low-carbohydrate diets have been found to impair artery function and worsen heart disease, the leading killer of men and women in the United States. A diet centered on whole plant foods appears to be a safe, simple, sustainable solution to the obesity epidemic.

Effective Weight Loss

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Forman ◽  
Meghan L. Butryn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Look Ahead

Millions of people attempt to lose weight every year, but most will not succeed. Simply learning about a new diet and exercise plan is not enough. This book presents 25 detailed sessions of an empirically supported, cognitive-behavioral treatment package called acceptance-based behavioral treatment (ABT) that has now been utilized successfully in five large National Institute of Health–sponsored clinical trials. The foundation of this approach is comprised of the nutritional, physical activity, and behavioral components of the most successful, gold-standard behavioral weight loss packages, such as Look Ahead and the Diabetes Prevention Project. These components are synthesized with acceptance, willingness, behavioral commitment, motivation, and relapse prevention strategies drawn from acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and relapse prevention therapy. ABT is premised on the idea that specialized self-control skills are necessary for weight control, given our innate desire to consume delicious foods and to conserve energy. These self-control skills revolve around a willingness to choose behaviors that may be perceived as uncomfortable for the sake of a more valuable objective. The treatment focuses on both weight loss and weight loss maintenance and aims to confer lifelong skills that facilitate long-term weight control. This companion Client Workbook contains summaries of session content, worksheets, handouts, and assignments.

Abstract P373: Changes in Adipokines with Weight Loss and Regain in a 24-Month Behavioral Weight Loss Study: The SMART Trial

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora E Burke ◽  
Erica Ambeba ◽  
Lei Ye ◽  
Mindi Styn ◽  
Sushama Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Over Time

Background: Weight regain commonly occurs in many adults who intentionally lose weight. Failure to maintain weight loss can lead to an increased risk for chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. A potential mechanism behind the increased risk includes the increased secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and the decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin and IL-10). Objectives: We conducted an ancillary study to a 24-month behavioral weight loss trial. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between weight loss and regain and changes in body fat from baseline to 24 months and changes in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and adiponectin. Methods: The analysis included a subsample of participants (n=67) from the SMART Trial who lost and regained at least 10 lbs during the 24-month trial. All participants received standard behavioral treatment for weight loss in group sessions during the first 18 months beginning with weekly sessions, which decreased in frequency over time. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine the association of percent changes in weight and body fat with percent changes in adipokines. Results: The sample was 81% female and 87% White with a mean (±SD) age of 48.4±7.34 years. At entry into study the mean weight was 96.4±15.6 kg and mean BMI was 34.5±4.35 kg/m 2 . Percent body fat was on average 42.1±6.13%. Mean weight change from baseline to six months was -10.7±5.19% and from baseline to 24 months was -3.34±6.66% while mean change in percent body fat was -8.07±11.6% from baseline to six months and -3.03±9.57% from baseline to 24 months. Weight loss over time was significantly associated with an increase in adiponectin [b(se)=-1.7(0.34), p<.0001] and a decrease in IL-6 [b(se)=1.26(0.49), p=0.01]. A similar pattern of associations was observed for reduction in body fat over time with an increase for adiponectin [b(se)=-0.76(0.19), p<.0001] and a decrease for IL-6 [b(se)=0.68(0.25), p=.006]. There were no significant associations found for either weight loss or change in percent body fat with change in IL-10 [weight: b(se)=0.51(0.54), p=.35; body fat: b(se)=0.43(0.28), p=.12] and TNF-alpha [weight: b(se)=0.35(0.44), p=.43; body fat: b(se)=0.19(0.24), p=.43] over 24-months. Conclusion: Weight loss and reduction in body fat were significantly associated with improvements in two of the adipokines. However, by 24 months, when weight regain occurred, those changes were attenuated. Implementing strategies that support healthy behaviors and sustained weight loss can help prevent a state of chronic systemic inflammation and prevent adverse health outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of dose of behavioral weight loss treatment on glycemic control in adults with prediabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Bauman ◽  
Aviva H Ariel-Donges ◽  
Eliza L Gordon ◽  
Michael J Daniels ◽  
Dandan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment ◽  
And Control

ObjectiveThis study examined the effects of three doses of behavioral weight loss treatment, compared with a nutrition education control group, on changes in glycemic control in individuals with obesity and prediabetes.Research design and methodsThe study included 287 adults (77% female, 81% White; mean (SD) age=54.1 (10.5) years, body mass index=36.3 (3.9) kg/m2, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)=5.9 (0.2%)). Participants were randomized to one of three behavioral treatment doses (high=24 sessions, moderate=16 sessions, or low=8 sessions) or to an education group (control=8 sessions). Changes in HbA1c, fasting glucose, and body weight were assessed from baseline to 6 months.ResultsMean (99.2% credible interval (CI)) reductions in HbA1c were 0.11% (0.07% to 0.16%), 0.08% (0.03% to 0.13%), 0.03% (–0.01% to 0.07%), and 0.02% (–0.02% to 0.07%), for the high, moderate, low, and control conditions, respectively. Mean (CI) reductions in fasting blood glucose were 0.26 mmol/L (0.14 to 0.39), 0.09 mmol/L (0 to 0.19), 0.01 mmol/L (–0.07 to 0.09), and 0.04 mmol/L (–0.03 to 0.12) for the high, moderate, low, and control conditions, respectively. The high-dose treatment produced significantly greater reductions in HbA1c and fasting blood glucose than the low-dose and control conditions (posterior probabilities (pp)<0.001); no other significant between-group differences were observed. Mean (CI) reductions in body weight were 10.91 kg (9.30 to 12.64), 10.08 kg (8.38 to 11.72), 6.35 kg (5.19 to 7.69), and 3.82 kg (3.04 to 4.54) for the high, moderate, low, and control conditions, respectively. All between-group differences in 6-month weight change were significant (pps<0.001) except for the high-dose versus moderate-dose comparison.ConclusionFor adults with obesity and prediabetes a high dose of behavioral treatment involving 24 sessions over 6 months may be needed to optimize improvements in glycemic control.Trial registration numberNCT00912652.

Effective Weight Loss

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Forman ◽  
Meghan L. Butryn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Look Ahead

Millions of people attempt to lose weight every year, but most will not succeed. Simply learning about a new diet and exercise plan is not enough. This book presents 25 detailed sessions of an empirically supported, cognitive-behavioral treatment package called acceptance-based behavioral treatment (ABT) that has now been utilized successfully in five large National Institute of Health–sponsored clinical trials. The foundation of this approach is comprised of the nutritional, physical activity, and behavioral components of the most successful, gold-standard behavioral weight loss packages, such as Look Ahead and the Diabetes Prevention Project. These components are synthesized with acceptance, willingness, behavioral commitment, motivation, and relapse prevention strategies drawn from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Relapse Prevention Therapy. ABT is premised on the idea that specialized self-control skills are necessary for weight control, given our innate desire to consume delicious foods and to conserve energy. These self-control skills revolve around a willingness to choose behaviors that may be perceived as uncomfortable for the sake of a more valuable objective. The treatment focuses on both weight loss and weight loss maintenance and aims to confer lifelong skills that facilitate long-term weight control. The companion Client Workbook contains summaries of session content, worksheets, handouts, and assignments.

The Obesity Epidemic in Chinese American Youth?: A Literature Review and Pilot Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Matloff ◽  
Angela Lee ◽  
Roland Tang ◽  
Doug Brugge
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
American Children

Despite nearly 12 million Asian Americans living in the United States and continued immigration, this increasingly substantial subpopulation has consistently been left out of national obesity studies. When included in national studies, Chinese-American children have been grouped together with other Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders or simply as “other,” yielding significantly lower rates of overweight and obesity compared to non-Asians. There is a failure to recognize the ethnic diversity of Asian Americans as well as the effect of acculturation. Results from smaller studies of Chinese American youth suggest that they are adopting lifestyles less Chinese and more Americans and that their share of disease burden is growing. We screened 142 children from the waiting room of a community health center that serves primarily recent Chinese immigrants for height, weight and demographic profile. Body Mass Index was calculated and evaluated using CDC growth charts. Overall, 30.1 percent of children were above the 85th we found being male and being born in the U .S. to be statistically significant for BMI > 85th percentile (p=0.039, p=0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that being overweight in this Chinese American immigrant population is associated with being born in the U.S. A change in public policy and framework for research are required to accurately assess the extent of overweight and obesity in Chinese American children. In particular, large scale data should be stratified by age, sex, birthplace and measure of acculturation to identify those at risk and construct tailored interventions.

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