The Fence or the Ambulance

This chapter argues for a robust prevention effort for substance use disorders. It briefly explains how the 1971 war on drugs began and guided (or misguided) our nation’s efforts to combat this illness. It laments how the potentially monumental 2016 surgeon general’s report on substance use in America was drowned out by the presidential election and how its call for empirically supported prevention strategies was ignored.

A supply chain-oriented perspective to prevent future COVID-19: Mathematical model and experience of guaranteeing quality and safety of fresh agricultural products

The COVID-19 outbreak has exposed deficiencies in the supply chain of FAPs, which have also increased their vulnerability. As the COVID-19 epidemic continues to develop, the effective supply of FAPs during the epidemic prevention and control period has become a key part of the response to the epidemic in metropolitan areas. Based on the game theory, this study constructed a three-level supply chain consisting of suppliers, TPL service providers and retailers to guarantee the supply of FAPs in metropolises in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. By Stackelberg principle game theory, the optimal epidemic prevention effort level, preservation effort level, wholesale price, retail price and optimal profit result in the supply chain dominated by supplier and retailer are respectively solved. In this study, in addition to the characteristics of FAPs such as easy loss and perishable, COVID-19 epidemic factors such as virus infection coefficient and epidemic prevention efforts were fully integrated into the model to ensure the effective supply of FAPs in metropolitan areas. The main research conclusions are as follows. (i) In the context of COVID-19, compared with the wholesale prices of FAPs, the level of preservation efforts and epidemic prevention efforts will have a greater impact on the retail prices of FAPs in metropolitan areas. (ii) When the supplier is in the dominant position, the sensitivity coefficient of the quality assurance effort level is positively correlated with the optimal profit of the supplier. Compared with other members, they have stronger control ability and decision-making ability, so that their profits are greater than those of other members. (ii) Compared with suppliers who are in the leading position of guarantee and supply, when FAPs retailers are in the leading position of guarantee and supply, TPL service providers have a higher level of epidemic prevention efforts and preservation efforts for FAPs. At the same time, the quality effort level, market demand and retail price are all greater under the retailer-led guarantee. (iv) The profit of FAPs retailers is affected by the sensitivity coefficient of preservation effort level, epidemic prevention effort level and dominant guarantee status.The COVID-19 outbreak has exposed deficiencies in the supply chain of FAPs, which have also increased their vulnerability. As the COVID-19 epidemic continues to develop, the effective supply of FAPs during the epidemic prevention and control period has become a key part of the response to the epidemic in metropolitan areas. Based on the game theory, this study constructed a three-level supply chain consisting of suppliers, TPL service providers and retailers to guarantee the supply of FAPs in metropolises in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. By Stackelberg principle game theory, the optimal epidemic prevention effort level, preservation effort level, wholesale price, retail price and optimal profit result in the supply chain dominated by supplier and retailer are respectively solved. In this study, in addition to the characteristics of FAPs such as easy loss and perishable, COVID-19 epidemic factors such as virus infection coefficient and epidemic prevention efforts were fully integrated into the model to ensure the effective supply of FAPs in metropolitan areas. The main research conclusions are as follows. (i) In the context of COVID-19, compared with the wholesale prices of FAPs, the level of preservation efforts and epidemic prevention efforts will have a greater impact on the retail prices of FAPs in metropolitan areas. (ii) When the supplier is in the dominant position, the sensitivity coefficient of the quality assurance effort level is positively correlated with the optimal profit of the supplier. Compared with other members, they have stronger control ability and decision-making ability, so that their profits are greater than those of other members. (ii) Compared with suppliers who are in the leading position of guarantee and supply, when FAPs retailers are in the leading position of guarantee and supply, TPL service providers have a higher level of epidemic prevention efforts and preservation efforts for FAPs. At the same time, the quality effort level, market demand and retail price are all greater under the retailer-led guarantee. (iv) The profit of FAPs retailers is affected by the sensitivity coefficient of preservation effort level, epidemic prevention effort level and dominant guarantee status.

Developing a School-Based Risk and Resilience Network to Implement the Youth Aware of Mental Health (YAM) Program with Texas Adolescents

BackgroundDespite the school setting presenting an ideal place to address youth depression and suicide prevention, there continues to be a need for innovative and effective school-based mental health interventions. MethodsThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center’s Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care developed a collaborative school-based prevention effort, the Risk and Resilience Network (RRN), to develop and test approaches to aid in enhancing resiliency factors, prevention of depression and suicide, and improve early identification and care linkage for youth with depression and/or suicidality. The aims of RRN were: 1) to build collaborative partnerships with schools and youth-focused community organizations to study risk and resilience in youth, and 2) in collaboration with school partners and youth-focused community organizations, to engage school stakeholders and families in developing and testing innovative strategies for addressing depression and suicide prevention in schools. To engage schools in the RRN, a cornerstone, evidenced-based program was selected (Youth Aware of Mental Health, YAM, program) to offer to schools as part of an implementation project. This report uses the RE-AIM framework to describe the rationale, design, implementation process, and YAM program evaluation results from the initial years of a school-based network focused on depression and suicide prevention.ResultsDescriptive data are presented, using the RE-AIM framework, on the first three academic years of the RRN and YAM program partnerships (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019), which included 24 RRN partnerships. Eleven (73.3%) out of the 15 school systems who agreed to RRN partnerships agreed to implement the YAM program, resulting in 14,061 students who participated in YAM.ConclusionsThe RRN is a collaborative school-based prevention effort to develop and test approaches to aid in enhancing resiliency factors, preventing of depression and suicide, and improving early identification and care linkage for youth with depression and/or suicidality. Trial Registration: Not applicable

Women Empowerment through Training of Face Shield Making from Unused Materials as COVID-19 Prevention Effort

COVID-19 is a viral infectious disease with relatively high death rate, especially in Indonesia. The government program, the large-scale social restrictions impacts on all aspects of human life, including the economy, due to which, people’s purchasing power decreases. This condition forces people to think creatively to protect themselves against COVID-19. This study aimed to describe the role of women’s groups in the prevention effort of COVID-19 through training of face shields making, utilizing unused materials. This is an interventional study, describing a training programme for a group of women in Indonesia (n=15 women). Participants of the women empowerment program were women in Ngingas Village, Waru District, Sidoarjo. The programme took place from July to August 2020 for four weeks, and included evaluating knowledge levels, health education about COVID-19, and training of making face shields. The results showed that the participants’ knowledge of COVID-19 significantly improved after training, in which the pre-test score was 57.67 ± 13.07, and the post-test score was 72 ± 7.97. Although the participants appreciated this training, they were less enthusiastic about production management and marketing. The participants cared for their families and community health. In addition, they were able to think creatively to make face shields from unused materials to protect themselves and their families. Thus, women could be role models for their families and communities to maintain health protocols in the new adaptation era of the COVID-19.

The Development of Fiqh Munākaḥah (Marriage Jurisprudence) Material Course in Madurese Islamic Universities and Its Relation with Gender Equality and Divorce Prevention

Explanation of Law 1/1974, number 4 point e, obviously accentuates the principle of complicating divorce. It requires specific reasons beyond the lawsuit and, in line with article 115 of KHI (Kompilasi Hukum Islam; Islamic Compilation Book), obliges the process to take place in the court trial. This implies that divorce needs prevention from the whole parties both persons and institutions, including Islamic universities. Islamic universities have both academic and social responsibilities to prevent divorce due to their strategic duties and function in community development and empowerment, specifically for spreading knowledge. This research aims to identify how far Madurese Islamic universities perform their roles and function by designing fiqh munākaḥah (marriage jurisprudence) materials for students as prospective husbands and wives. It focuses on whether the materials get developed and are compatible with gender equality and divorce prevention efforts. Using a qualitative approach particularly its phenomenological type, this study took place in three Madurese Islamic universities. It revealed that the latest development of fiqh munākaḥah materials are still mostly about the normative perspective from classical fiqh literature with very little relevances to either gender equality spirit or divorce prevention effort.(Penjelasan UU Nomor I Tahun 1974, angka 4, huruf e, jelas menekankan prinsip untuk mempersukar perceraian dengan mewajibkan alasan-alasan tertentu serta, senada dengan KHI Pasal 115, mengharuskan proses perceraian terjadi di depan sidang pengadilan. Ini menunjukkan bahwa tugas mencegah perceraian harus dilakukan siapapun, baik perorangan ataupun instansi, termasuk Perguruan Tinggi Islam. Perguruan Tinggi Islam memiliki tanggung jawab akademik dan sosial karena tugas dan fungsinya yang strategis dalam pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, terutama dalam penyebaran pengetahuan. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Madura menjalankan peran dan fungsinya tersebut, penelitian ini menelusuri kajian fiqh munākaḥah sebagai bahan konsumsi bagi calon-calon suami dan istri, khususnya apakah materi-materi tersebut sudah berkembang dan sesuai dengan wacana kesetaraan gender dan upaya pencegahan perceraian. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berjenis fenomenologis, penelitian ini mengambil setting di 3 Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Madura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan terbaru kajian fiqh munākaḥah masih didominasi kajian normatif dari sumber fiqh klasik sehingga belum relevan dengan semangat kesetaraan gender maupun upaya pencegahan perceraian)

On Detection and Prevention of Zero-Day Attack Using Cuckoo Sandbox in Software-Defined Networks

Networks attacker may identify the network vulnerability within less than one day; this kind of attack is known as zero-day attack. This undiscovered vulnerability by vendors empowers the attacker to affect or damage the network operation, because vendors have less than one day to fix this new exposed vulnerability. The existing defense mechanisms against the zero-day attacks focus on the prevention effort, in which unknown or new vulnerabilities typically cannot be detected. To the best of our knowledge the protection mechanism against zero-day attack is not widely investigated for Software-Defined Networks (SDNs). Thus, in this work we are motivated to develop a new zero-day attack detection and prevention mechanism for SDNs by modifying Cuckoo sandbox tool. The mechanism is implemented and tested under UNIX system. The experiments results show that our proposed mechanism successfully stops the zero-day malwares by isolating the infected clients, in order to prevent the malwares from spreading to other clients. Moreover, results show the effectiveness of our mechanism in terms of detection accuracy and response time

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL SANCTIONS ON ACTION OF RUBBER CONTINUOUS CRIMINAL ACTION IN RUBBER PLANTATION PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VII UNIT KEDATON DESA SABAH BALAU KECAMATAN TANJUNG BINTANG REGENCY OF LAMPUNG SELATAN

Criminal acts can encourage other people to commit crimes, because many parties involved in criminal acts such as receiving, buying or accommodating goods from the crime of theft. The problem in research is what is the factor that causes the perpetrators to commit criminal acts of rubber gum extraction at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Unit Kedaton, Sabah Balau village, Tanjung Bintang Subdistrict, South Lampung Regency, how to apply criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of rubber latex in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Unit Kedaton, Sabah Balau village, Tanjung Bintang Subdistrict, South Lampung Regency, based on Decision Number 313 / Pid.B / 2018 / Pn.Kla and How is the crime prevention effort for perpetrators of criminal acts of rubber latex in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Unit Kedaton, Sabah Balau village, Tanjung Bintang District, South Lampung Regency. The judge should give criminal sanctions to the defendant to consider juridical factors as stipulated in the law. It is expected that the related law Enforcement officers will be more professional in carrying out their duties in upholding the law against perpetrators of fraud in office, and the public has legal awareness to report immediately if there is a similar crime.