Physical Activity and Function in Assisted Living Residents

The purpose of this study was to consider the feasibility, reliability, and validity of MotionWatch 8. A total of 249 residents were recruited from 26 assisted living settings. Data collection included demographics, comorbidities, function (Barthel Index), physical activity (MotionWatch 8), and falls. The mean age of participants was 86.86 ( SD = 7.0), the majority were women 179 (74%) and White ( N = 232, 96%). A total of 86% of participants wore the MotionWatch 8. There were no significant differences in physical activity over 3 days of testing. The MotionWatch 8 findings were significantly associated with activities of daily living (ADL) function. There were no significant differences in ADL function or physical activity between those who did and did not fall. The study provides additional support for the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the MotionWatch 8 and confirms that older adults living in assisted living settings spend the majority of their time in sedentary activity.

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Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity of the MotionWatch 8 to Evaluate Physical Activity Among Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment in Assisted Living Settings

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2020-0198 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Barbara Resnick ◽

Marie Boltz ◽

Elizabeth Galik ◽

Steven Fix ◽

Shijun Zhu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Assisted Living ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Dissemination And Implementation ◽

And Function ◽

Evidence Integration

This study tested the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the MotionWatch 8 among assisted living residents with and without cognitive impairment. Data from the Dissemination and Implementation of Function Focused Care in Assisted Living Using the Evidence Integration Triangle study were used. The sample included 781 individuals from 85 facilities with a mean age of 89.48 (SD = 7.43) years. The majority were female (71%), White (97%), and overall (44%) had cognitive impairment. A total of 70% were willing to wear the MotionWatch 8. Reliability was supported as there was no difference in time spent in activity across three consecutive wear days. Validity was based on hypothesis testing, and function was associated with counts of activity at baseline (p = .001) and 4 months (p = .001). Those with cognitive impairment engaged in less physical activity (p = .04). The MotionWatch 8 is a useful option for measuring physical activity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

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The Impact of Physical Activity and Function on Falls in Assisted Living Residents

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2018-0291 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 816-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara Resnick ◽

Elizabeth Galik ◽

Marie Boltz ◽

Erin Vigne ◽

Sarah Holmes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Assisted Living ◽

Baseline Data ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Vigorous Activity ◽

Wald Statistic ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact ◽

Evidence Integration

The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity and function of older adults in assisted living communities and test the association between moderate and vigorous activity and falls. This study used baseline data from 393 participants from the first two cohorts in the Function-Focused Care in Assisted Living Using the Evidence Integration Triangle study. The majority of participants were female (N = 276, 70%) and White (N = 383, 97%) with a mean age of 87 years (SD = 7). Controlling for age, cognition, gender, setting, and function, the time spent in moderate or vigorous levels of physical activity was associated with having a fall in the prior 4 months. Those who engaged in more moderate physical activity were 0.6% less likely to have a fall (OR = 0.994, Wald statistic = 5.54, p = .02), and those who engaged in more vigorous activity were 2% less likely to have a fall (OR = 0.980, Wald statistic = 3.88, p = .05).

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Sinhalese Version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire for Community-dwelling Older Adults: Reliability and Validity

Aging and Health Research ◽

10.1016/j.ahr.2021.100016 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100016

Author(s):

Bimba Wickramarachchi ◽

Sidiah Siop ◽

Bilesha Perera

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Global Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

Activity Questionnaire

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Promoting Stair Climbing as an Exercise Routine among Healthy Older Adults Attending a Community-Based Physical Activity Program

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7010023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nobuko Hongu ◽

Mieko Shimada ◽

Rieko Miyake ◽

Yusuke Nakajima ◽

Ichirou Nakajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Daily Living ◽

Stair Climbing ◽

Community Based ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Exercise Routine ◽

Before And After ◽

Leg Muscle

Stair climbing provides a feasible opportunity for increasing physical activity (PA) in daily living. The purpose of this study was to examine the daily walking and stair-climbing steps among healthy older adults (age: 74.0 ± 4.9 years; Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2). Participants (34 females and 15 males) attended a weekly 6-month community-based PA program. During the entire program period, daily walking and stair-climbing steps were recorded using a pedometer (Omron, HJA-403C, Kyoto, Japan). Before and after the 6-month program, height, body weight and leg muscle strength were assessed. After the 6-month program, the mean walking and stair-climbing steps in both women and men increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01). Daily stair-climbing steps increased about 36 steps in women and 47 steps in men. At the end of 6 months, only male participants had significant correlation between the number of stair steps and leg muscle strength (r = 0.428, p = 0.037). This study reported that healthy older adults attending the community-based PA program had regular stair-climbing steps during daily living. Promoting stair climbing as an exercise routine was feasible to increase their walking and stair-climbing steps.

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A personalised smartphone-delivered just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITABug) to increase physical activity in older adults: A feasibility pilot study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.34662 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Louise Mair ◽

Lawrence Hayes ◽

Amy Campbell ◽

Duncan Buchan ◽

Chris Easton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Data Collection ◽

Real Time ◽

Behaviour Change ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Activity Level ◽

Just In Time ◽

Activity Tracker ◽

Wearable Activity Tracker

BACKGROUND Just-in-time-adaptive-interventions (JITAIs) provide real-time ‘in the moment’ behaviour change support to people when they need it most. JITAIs could be a viable way to provide personalised physical activity support to older adults in the community. However, it is unclear how feasible it is to remotely deliver a physical activity intervention via a smartphone to older adults, or how acceptable older adults would find a JITAI targeting physical activity in everyday life. OBJECTIVE (1) to describe the development of “JITABug”, a personalised smartphone and activity tracker delivered JITAI designed to support older adults to increase or maintain their physical activity level; (2) to explore the acceptability of JITABug in a free-living setting, and (3) to assess the feasibility of conducting an effectiveness trial of the JITABug intervention. METHODS The intervention development process was underpinned by the Behaviour Change Wheel. The intervention consisted of a wearable activity tracker (Fitbit) and a companion smartphone app (JITABug) which delivered goal setting, planning, reminders, and just-in-time adaptive messages to encourage achievement of personalised physical activity goals. Message delivery was tailored based on time of day, real-time physical activity tracker data, and weather conditions. We tested the feasibility of remotely delivering the JITAI with older adults in a 6-week trial using a mixed-methods approach. Data collection involved assessment of physical activity by accelerometery and activity tracker, self-reported mood and mental wellbeing via ecological momentary assessment, and contextual information on physical activity via voice memos. Feasibility and acceptability outcomes included: (1) recruitment capability and adherence to the intervention; (2) intervention delivery ‘in the wild’; (3) appropriateness of data collection methodology; (4) adverse events and; (5) participant satisfaction. RESULTS Of 46 recruited older adults (aged 56-72 years old), 65% completed the intervention. The intervention was successfully delivered as intended; 27 participants completed the intervention independently, 94% of physical activity messages were successfully delivered, and 99% of Fitbit and 100% of weather data calls were successful. Wrist-worn accelerometer data were obtained from 96% at baseline and 96% at follow up. On average, participants recorded 8/16 (50%) voice memos, 3/8 (38%) mood assessments, and 2/4 (50%) wellbeing assessments via the app. Overall acceptability of the intervention was very good (77% satisfaction). Participant feedback suggested that more diverse and tailored physical activity messages, app usage reminders, technical refinements regarding real-time data syncing, and an improved user interface could improve the intervention and make it more appealing. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a smartphone delivered JITAI utilizing a wearable activity tracker is an acceptable way to support physical activity in older adults in the community. Overall, the intervention is feasible, however based on user feedback, the JITABug app requires further technical refinements that may enhance usage, engagement, and user satisfaction before moving to effectiveness trials. CLINICALTRIAL Non-Applicable

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Using formative research with older adults to inform a community physical activity programme: Get Healthy, Get Active

Primary Health Care Research & Development ◽

10.1017/s1463423618000373 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

George J. Sanders ◽

Brenda Roe ◽

Zoe R. Knowles ◽

Axel Kaehne ◽

Stuart J. Fairclough

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Focus Group ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Assisted Living ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Physical Activity Participation ◽

Health Concern ◽

Activity Participation ◽

Retirement Home

Abstract Aim The purpose of this formative study was to explore current knowledge and attitudes towards physical activity, as well as perceived barriers, facilitators and opportunities for physical activity participation among older adults living in the community. The findings have subsequently informed the design, delivery and recruitment strategies of a local community physical activity intervention programme which forms part of Sport England’s national Get Healthy, Get Active initiative. Background There is a growing public health concern regarding the amount of time spent in sedentary and physical activity behaviours within the older adult population. Methods Between March and June 2016, 34 participants took part in one of six focus groups as part of a descriptive formative study. A homogenous purposive sample of 28 community dwelling white, British older adults (six male), aged 65–90 years (M=78, SD=7 years) participated in one of five focus group sessions. An additional convenience pragmatic sub-sample of six participants (three male), aged 65–90 years (M=75, SD=4 years), recruited from an assisted living retirement home participated in a sixth focus group. Questions for focus groups were structured around the PRECEDE stage of the PRECEDE–PROCEDE model of health programme design, implementation and evaluation. Questions addressed knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards physical activity, as well as views on barriers and opportunities for physical activity participation. All data were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then conducted with outcomes represented as pen profiles. Findings Consistent views regarding both the potential physical and psychosocial benefits of physical activity were noted regardless of living status. The themes of, opportunities and awareness for physical activity participation, cost, transport, location and season/weather varied between participants living in an assisted living retirement home and community dwelling older adults. Further comparative research on the physical activity requirements of older adults living in assisted living versus community settings are warranted.

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Evaluation of a geriatric day rehabilitation centre: subjective and objective outcomes in community-dwelling older adults

Australian Journal of Primary Health ◽

10.1071/py08054 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Foley ◽

S. Hillier ◽

R. Barnard

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Adults ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Daily Living ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Rehabilitation Centre ◽

Lower Limb Strength ◽

The Mean ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Pre and post testing were conducted on community-dwelling older adults referred to a geriatric day rehabilitation centre (DRC). Consecutive DRC clients were screened for inclusion over a 16-month period and were eligible if: aged 60+ years; cognitively intact; and reason for referral involved spinal or lower limb musculoskeletal impairment, disability or surgery, and/or reduced functional mobility or falls. Clients were excluded if they had a neurological disorder, or did not complete the program. Outcome measures included: lower limb strength; balance; mobility; self-reported pain; activities of daily living; and quality of life. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and analysed using paired t-tests. Of the 137 participants recruited, 110 were female and the mean age was 79.5 ± 7.3 years. In total, 106 participants completed the DRC program and were assessed at baseline and re-assessed at discharge. The mean length of stay was 12.4 ± 2.9 weeks, with 21.4 ± 5.4 attendances. From baseline to discharge, statistically significant differences were found for all objective measures of physical functioning, balance, and for all lower limb strength tests (P < 0.0001). Glasgow Pain Questionnaire scores demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all five domains of the scale (P < 0.0001). The Barthel Index and Multi-dimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire both showed a statistically significant improvement in the level of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) (P < 0.05). The Assessment of Quality of Life Questionnaire showed a statistically significant improvement (P = 0.027). The Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale also showed a statistically significant improvement over DRC attendance (P = 0.005). The Falls Efficacy Scale showed a positive change, but the improvement was not statistically significant (P = 0.80). The study’s results indicate that community-dwelling older adults with physical disabilities and multiple comorbidities who attended the interdisciplinary geriatric DRC, significantly improved their lower limb strength, balance and physical function, and also showed significant decreases in self-reported pain, and improvements in independence in ADL and quality of life. Given the limitations of the current study, further research, in the form of high quality studies with larger sample sizes that involve direct comparisons with other forms of care or against a control group, is needed to determine whether day rehabilitation centre programs provide the optimum mode of rehabilitation for this population in the most cost effective manner.

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Development and Evaluation of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Elderly Japanese: The Nakanojo Study

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.15.4.398 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 398-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Akitomo Yasunaga ◽

Hyuntae Park ◽

Eiji Watanabe ◽

Fumiharu Togo ◽

Sungjin Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Barthel Index ◽

Daily Living ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Repeat Administration ◽

Elderly Japanese ◽

Activity Questionnaire

The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Elderly Japanese (PAQ-EJ) is a self-administered physical activity questionnaire for elderly Japanese; the authors report here on its repeatability and direct and indirect validity. Reliability was assessed by repeat administration after 1 month. Direct validation was based on accelerometer data collected every 4 s for 1 month in 147 individuals age 65–85 years. Indirect validation against a 10-item Barthel index (activities of daily living [ADL]) was completed in 3,084 individuals age 65–99 years. The test–retest coefficient was high (r= .64–.71). Total and subtotal scores for lower (transportation, housework, and labor) and higher intensity activities (exercise/sports) were significantly correlated with step counts and durations of physical activity <3 and ≥3 METs (r= .41, .28, .53), respectively. Controlling for age and ADL, scores for transportation, exercise/sports, and labor were greater in men, but women performed more housework. Sex- and ADL- or age-adjusted PAQ-EJ scores were significantly lower in older and dependent people. PAQ-EJ repeatability and validity seem comparable to those of instruments used in Western epidemiological studies.

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The Useful Depression Screening Tool for Older Adults: Psychometric Properties and Clinical Applicability

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/1061-3749.23.2.78 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 78E-87E

Author(s):

N. Jennifer Klinedinst ◽

Barbara Resnick

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Assisted Living ◽

Rasch Analysis ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Depression Screening ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Senior Housing ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Over Time

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test the reliability and validity of the 3-item Useful Depression Screening Tool (UDST) for use with older adults in congregate living settings. Methods: There were 176 residents of senior housing or assisted living who completed the UDST. Rasch analysis and test criterion relationships with pain, physical activity, and depression diagnosis were used to determine validity. Test–retest reliability was conducted with 29 senior housing residents. Results: Rasch analysis demonstrated good fit of all items to the concept of depression. Criterion validity was supported, F(5) = 14.17, p < .001. Test–retest showed no significant differences in UDST scores over time (p = .29). Conclusions: The findings provide support for the validity and reliability of the UDST for use with older adults in congregate living settings.

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