Praise Research Trends and Future Directions: Characteristics and Teacher Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret T. Floress ◽  
Shelby L. Beschta ◽  
Kari L. Meyer ◽  
Wendy M. Reinke
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Treatment Acceptability ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Contingent Praise ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Training Studies ◽  
Different Characteristics

Teacher praise is an effective classroom management tool. Training teachers to increase their use of praise can improve student disruptive and off-task behavior. The purpose of this article is to examine different characteristics of praise and the training methods used in the literature. Training methods with positive treatment acceptability and demonstrated impact are summarized. Results indicate that most research focuses on behavior-specific, verbal, and contingent praise delivered to individual students. Most training studies used a combination of two or more methods that most commonly included a didactic, feedback, or goal setting component. Only half of the training studies measured treatment acceptability and the majority of these ratings were positive. Most studies training teachers to use praise had positive results. More research focused on infrequently studied praise characteristics (e.g., gestures, physical, and private) and training methods (e.g., in vivo, self-monitoring, and incentives) is needed. Implications for future praise research are presented.

scholarly journals Single Domain Antibodies as Carriers for Intracellular Drug Delivery: A Proof of Principle Study

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Sebas D. Pronk ◽  
Erik Schooten ◽  
Jurgen Heinen ◽  
Esra Helfrich ◽  
Sabrina Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Intracellular Drug Delivery ◽  
Internalization Rate ◽  
Single Domain Antibodies ◽  
Different Characteristics

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are currently used for the targeted delivery of drugs to diseased cells, but intracellular drug delivery and therefore efficacy may be suboptimal because of the large size, slow internalization and ineffective intracellular trafficking of the antibody. Using a phage display method selecting internalizing phages only, we developed internalizing single domain antibodies (sdAbs) with high binding affinity to rat PDGFRβ, a receptor involved in different types of diseases. We demonstrate that these constructs have different characteristics with respect to internalization rates but all traffic to lysosomes. To compare their efficacy in targeted drug delivery, we conjugated the sdAbs to a cytotoxic drug. The conjugates showed improved cytotoxicity correlating to their internalization speed. The efficacy of the conjugates was inhibited in the presence of vacuolin-1, an inhibitor of lysosomal maturation, suggesting lysosomal trafficking is needed for efficient drug release. In conclusion, sdAb constructs with different internalization rates can be designed against the same target, and sdAbs with a high internalization rate induce more cell killing than sdAbs with a lower internalization rate in vitro. Even though the overall efficacy should also be tested in vivo, sdAbs are particularly interesting formats to be explored to obtain different internalization rates.

Increasing In-Service Teacher Implementation of Classroom Management Practices Through Consultation, Implementation Planning, and Participant Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Hagermoser Sanetti ◽  
Kathleen M. Williamson ◽  
Anna C. J. Long ◽  
Thomas R. Kratochwill
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Implementation Planning

Numerous evidence-based classroom management strategies to prevent and respond to problem behavior have been identified, but research consistently indicates teachers rarely implement them with sufficient implementation fidelity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation planning, a strategy involving logistical intervention implementation planning and identification of implementation barriers, and participant modeling, a strategy involving didactic and in vivo intervention training, on teachers’ implementation of an evidence-based classroom management plan. A randomized multiple treatment embedded within a multiple baseline design across participants was used to assess (a) teachers’ adherence to the classroom management plans and quality of implementation and (b) student disruptive behavior in the classroom immediately and at follow-up. Results indicated that teachers’ adherence and quality increased with both implementation planning and participant modeling, but these improvements were not fully maintained at 1- and 2-month follow-up. A similar pattern in student disruptive behavior was also observed. These findings highlight the need for ongoing implementation support for behavioral interventions in schools. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals CLONAL PROPAGATION OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) VIA DIRECT AND INDIRECT IN VITRO REGENERATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureen Michelle Houllou ◽  
Robson Antônio de Souza ◽  
Elizabete Cristina Pacheco dos Santos ◽  
José Jackson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Marta Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted with shoot tip explants of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to identify a viable regenerative process. Shoot tips were obtained from neem embryos cultured alternatingly in DKW medium supplemented with BAP and medium without hormones. Initial shoot development was influenced by cotyledon presence. Basal callus, excised from in vitro stem base, also presented organogenic potential. In some cases, plant lines, obtained from each seed, presented different characteristics. The most common characteristic observed in vitro was callus formation at the stem base. However, the rarest characteristics were stem callus formation and leaf senescence. The regenerated shoot tips were further subculture and rooted on a medium supplemented with IBA so that complete plants could be obtained. The rooted plants were transplanted to a greenhouse and successfully acclimatized. No significant differences in in vivo development were observed between neem plants from callus and from shoot tip propagation.

scholarly journals CSNK2 in cancer: pathophysiology and translational applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Strum ◽  
Laszlo Gyenis ◽  
David W. Litchfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Extensive Body

AbstractProtein kinase CSNK2 (CK2) is a pleiotropic serine/threonine kinase frequently dysregulated in solid and hematologic malignancies. To consolidate a wide range of biological and clinically oriented data from this unique kinase in cancer, this systematic review summarises existing knowledge from in vitro, in vivo and pre-clinical studies on CSNK2 across 24 different human cancer types. CSNK2 mRNA transcripts, protein levels and activity were found to be routinely upregulated in cancer, and commonly identified phosphotargets included AKT, STAT3, RELA, PTEN and TP53. Phenotypically, it frequently influenced evasion of apoptosis, enhancement of proliferation, cell invasion/metastasis and cell cycle control. Clinically, it held prognostic significance across 14 different cancers, and its inhibition in xenograft experiments resulted in a positive treatment response in 12. In conjunction with commentary on preliminary studies of CSNK2 inhibitors in humans, this review harmonises an extensive body of CSNK2 data in cancer and reinforces its emergence as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Continuing to investigate CSNK2 will be crucial to advancing our understanding of CSNK2 biology, and offers the promise of important new discoveries scientifically and clinically.

scholarly journals Initial in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a self-monitoring prosthetic bypass graft

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Neville ◽  
Samit K. Gupta ◽  
David J. Kuraguntla
Keyword(s):  
Bypass Graft ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Self Monitoring

Helping Undergraduates Discover The Value Of A Dollar Through Self-Monitoring

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Lance Palmer ◽  
Donna L. Bliss ◽  
Joseph W. Goetz ◽  
Diann Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Spending Behavior

Many college undergraduates lack basic financial management knowledge and skills while bearing ever increasing debt burdens upon graduation. In order to encourage students to become aware of their spending patterns and weigh those patterns against personal values, a self-monitoring project was implemented as a class activity. The resulting effect on financial behavior was examined. Analysis of participants’ self-reflection papers revealed that awareness of spending behaviors increased universally among participants, and a significant proportion of students spontaneously modified spending behaviors to more closely conform to personal values. Participants consistently reported the importance of a spending management tool in modifying spending behavior.

Peer-Monitoring and Self-Monitoring: Alternatives to Traditional Teacher Management

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
The Self ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Peer Monitoring ◽  
Transition Activities ◽  
Monitoring Procedure ◽  
Team Captains

A peer-monitoring procedure and a self-monitoring procedure were developed to decrease disruption and nonparticipation during the transition activities of a special kindergarten class. Ten children with behavior and/or learning problems attended the class. During peer-monitoring, children were assigned one of three teams and took turns serving as team captains. The team captains monitored each member of their team and awarded points at the end of each of four transition activities to team members and to themselves for following instructions. Following a substantial reduction in inappropriate behavior, the self-monitoring procedure was introduced. Children continued to be assigned to teams; however each child was responsible for awarding his or her own points at the end of the transition activities. Improvements achieved during the peer-monitoring procedure were maintained, for the most part, during the self-monitoring procedure. Results suggest that classroom management can be achieved through a carefully developed routine, in which clear instructions are paired with peer-managed or self-managed points for compliance with the routine.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Views on the Utility of the Teacher’s File

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enos Moeti Makhele
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Experiential Learning Theory ◽  
Professional Teacher ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Teaching Learning

In 2010, the Department of Basic Education instructed its teachers to maintain a teacher's file. This article reports on a research project which described teachers’ views on the utility of the teacher’s file and its relationship to skill of reflection related continuous professional teacher development (CPTD). The research described the meaning and the sense teachers attached to maintaining this file in the light of assumptions and principles of the experiential learning theory (ELT).  It also probed ideas related to how the file could be improved and developed into a resource that contributes to the professional development of teachers in terms of teaching, learning and assessment (TLA). The study utilized interviews and document study as tools to collect data which were later analyzed and interpreted to arrive at the research findings and recommendations. The study found that all teachers regarded the teachers' file as an administrative tool which had nothing to do with their own professional development. They regarded it as a management tool which was meant to monitor them. The study found that to acquire more meaning to the teacher, the file must be enhanced to include more teacher advancement related matters. In view of the teachers' feelings that the file was purely administrative, the Department of Basic Education could review its current format and render it relevant to the professional development of the teacher. The aspects of professional development must include specific areas such as teaching, learning, assessment, classroom management and administration.

scholarly journals On characterizing skeletal muscle contraction properties. Experimental and simulation methodology

1970 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
M. Sierra ◽  
M.J. Muñoz ◽  
J. Grasa
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Tetanic Contraction ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Contraction ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Different Characteristics

The main objective of this work is to characterize the fatigue contractile properties of threedifferent rat muscles (Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorium Longus and Soleus) in order toobtain experimental parameters for numerical simulations.Experiments were conducted “in vivo" on three groups (n = 6) of male Wistar rats (210 +/- 11g)using a protocol developed by authors in previous works. Muscles were subjected to anelectrical stimulus to achieve tetanic contraction during ten seconds. Digital Image Correlationwas used during tests for 3D strain and displacements measurement that allow the correlationwith the finite element simulations.By means of Computed Tomography, a precise reconstruction of both bone and muscle of therat hindlimb geometry was obtained. The methodology proposed allows to obtain and validatecomputational simulations of skeletal muscle fatigue under different characteristics related tofiber types.63

The Effects of a Multicomponent Self-Monitoring Intervention on the Rates of Pre-Service Teacher Behavior-Specific Praise in a Masked Single-Case Experimental Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-219
Author(s):  
Mary Rose Sallese ◽  
Kimberly J. Vannest
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Teacher Behavior ◽  
Student Outcome ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Behavior Specific Praise ◽  
Pre Service Teacher ◽  
Specific Praise

The effects of self-monitoring (SM) on teacher behavior are well documented, but previous research does not attempt to control for reactivity as a threat to internal validity. This study examined the effects of a multicomponent SM intervention on the use of a classroom management practice with participant masking to address this absence in the literature. Participating teachers selected between two practices (behavior-specific praise and opportunities to respond). A multiple baseline design across four pre-service teacher interns occurred in general education classroom settings. Participant masking to the purpose of the study precluded exposure to SM, performance feedback, and goal setting. Analyses included an independent visual analysis by three masked raters, an independent quality review for What Works Clearinghouse standards, a nonparametric statistical analysis based on data characteristics, and correspondence reporting between visual and statistical analyses. Overall results indicated an increase in the rate of classroom management practice use by the participants and good social validity across the three constructs. Student outcome data for on-task behavior were inconclusive. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.

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