scholarly journals Stigma in Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Systematic Quantitative Literature Review of Indian Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762199661
Author(s):  
Arghya Pal ◽  
Vrinda Saxena ◽  
Priyaranjan Avinash
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Disease Experience

Background: Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is one of the most common severe mental illnesses that cause morbidity. Stigma can negatively influence the disease experience in patients with BPAD. Significant differences are observed in the attributes of stigma across the various sociocultural milieus. The current review was thus conducted to compile the evidence regarding the burden and correlates of various forms of stigma in BPAD in India. Methods: An exhaustive literature review was conducted in PubMed, MedIND, and Google Scholar to identify Indian studies conducted on stigma in BPAD. The broad themes in various forms of stigma were identified (qualitative analysis). Quantitative analysis of measures of stigma was done, calculating the effect size in BPAD and comparator groups (schizophrenia and anxiety disorders) using standardized mean difference. Results: Overall, 12 studies could be identified for qualitative analysis, and 5 were used for quantitative analysis. Overall, the current evidence points out that the stigma in BPAD is less than that in schizophrenia but more than that in anxiety disorders. Internalized stigma in BPAD is correlated with poor self-esteem, reduced community participation, and low quality of life. Caregivers of patients with BPAD also experience significant stigma. Conclusions: The review shows that stigma in BPAD is substantial. It also draws attention to the fact that the research regarding stigma in BPAD is lagging behind. This review also provides a platform to develop an intervention in the Indian scenario, where further research should be carried out.

scholarly journals A literature review of the current major intraoral digital impression systems and their accuracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Mezied ◽  
Norah Alnasser ◽  
Reema Al Owaid ◽  
Rand Bakhsh ◽  
Lama Alkhudhayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Impression ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Potential

The accuracy of the intraoral digital impression systems has been previously reported to refer to the quality of the obtained data from the related scanning procedures, irrespective of the quality of the clinical outcomes and the estimated costs. Trueness and precision have been frequently found among studies in the literature as two terms describing the accuracy of the intraoral digital impression systems. Various digital impression modalities have been proposed among studies in the literature and were investigated for estimation of their accuracy. The paper aims to review and discuss the most common literature regarding the current common systems and their accuracy among the different studies in the literature. According to the results, Chairside Economical Restoration of Esthetic Ceramic (CEREC) systems appear to have the highest estimated rates of trueness and precision as compared to the other modalities while the iTero system appears to have the lowest estimated rates. However, some studies have reported contradicting results and the current evidence is mainly based on findings from in vitro investigations. Accordingly, further studies might be needed for further validation of the current evidence and strengthening the quality of the future potential implications for clinicians. 

COMPARING SOCIOEMOTIONAL COGNITION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN REMITTED BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Nimitha K J ◽  
Rajmohan V ◽  
T M Raghuram
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND-Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is characterized by abnormalities in social cognition and emotional regulation are detrimental to psychosocial functioning and quality of life. OBJECTIVES- To understand the sociodemographic background, clinical characteristics in BPAD in remission and its relation with social emotional cognition and its impact on quality of life and functioning of the patient. METHODS-A cross sectional study with a sample size of 100 consenting patients based on convenience sampling who are diagnosed to have BPAD in remission. Sociodemographic questionnaire and clinical details of the patient were noted. SECT (cog state battery) was applied to all patients under calm and similar environment. RESULTS-Results showed there is a signicant difference in SECTspeed, response and stimuli based on the nature of rst and last episode, SECT score based on severity of episodes, SECT speed and stimuli based on education, SECT responses based on occupation. Middle socio-economic group had the best psychological QoL followed by high socio-economic group and it was worst in low socio-economic group. Physical and psychological domain has signicant difference based on residence. WHO QoL social quality of life had signicant difference between ECT treatments in the past, with people receiving ECT having a higher score on the social QoLscore. There was no signicant correlation seen between SEC sub scores and QoLdomain scores. CONCLUSION-The study concluded the QoLwas signicantly associated with socio-economic status, semi urban residence and ECT. There was no correlation between SEC and QoLscore in remitted bipolar.

Interactional metadiscourse of gender in Persian

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-537
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amouzadeh ◽  
Raha Zareifard
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Academic Status ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conference Presentations

Abstract The present study sets out to investigate an important aspect of gendered performance, namely, the presence of interactional metadiscourse in conference presentations delivered in Persian. The study pursues two primary objectives: firstly, to compare the quantity and quality of interactional metadiscourse markers as expressed by male and female academics; secondly, to investigate some other factors influencing the phenomenon under investigation. The data include twenty-four conference presentations by twelve males and twelve females. The quantitative analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the use of interactional metadiscourse by male and female presenters. However, the qualitative analysis helped the authors to identify more similarities than differences. In point of fact, such factors as academic status and nativeness had caused the speakers to use different metadiscourse strategies.

scholarly journals Zolpidem dependence in an adult with bipolar affective disorder and epilepsy: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. e100102
Author(s):  
Sujita Kumar Kar ◽  
Suyash Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Severe Withdrawal ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Hypnotic Agent

Zolpidem is a short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent, commonly recommended for short-term treatment of insomnia. Zolpidem has less dependence potential than benzodiazepines. Patients with mental illnesses often have disturbed sleep, for which zolpidem is often prescribed. Long-term use and self-medication (in more than recommended doses) are more likely to cause dependence. We report here a case of bipolar affective disorder with epilepsy, who developed dependence to zolpidem and had severe withdrawal symptoms. The management issues are also discussed with review of the literature.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Family caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia experience high level of burden and compromised quality of life. A considerable amount of burden on the caregivers often leads to display of certain attitudes towards persons with severe mental illness called expressed emotion, which then leads to poor quality of patients as well. Although numerous studies dealing with these issues separately are present, but studies dealing with relationship, using mixed methodology, among these issues are scarce. The aim of the present study was to understand how actually the construct of quality of life in different demographic conditions affect life conditions of schizophrenic and bipolar patients and determining relapse. The present study was designed mainly to assess the quality of life on patients and the families of a particular group of patients namely those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The objectives if the present research were to study: (i) the quality of life of patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective disorder. (ii) the quality of life of caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective disorder. Patients with disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder are more likely to relapse when there is high expressed emotion present in their living environment. The stress from the remarks and attitudes of the family is overwhelming because they feel like the cause of the problems. The patient then falls into the cycle of relapse. The only way to escape this vortex for the family is to go through therapy together to prevent the relapse. But before that it becomes necessary to understand that what is the reason behind such attitude towards a family member who is mentally ill, what is the cause of burden and what all changes the caregivers’ and the patients’ quality of life come across.

scholarly journals Iatrogenic tooth discoloration by obturating materials: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkader Abdulelah Abulhamayel ◽  
Mohammed K. Alhudaithi ◽  
Bayan H. Alharbi ◽  
Ammar R. Busaeed ◽  
Hassan E. Alkhalaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Endodontic Sealers

Tooth discoloration might constitute a major problem for patients undergoing endodontic procedures, including obturation. Iatrogenic teeth discoloration might be a burden because it is time-consuming and hard to blench even if it were effective in removing the tooth stains in compared with traumatic tooth discoloration which is easy to deal with. Accordingly, clinicians must have a comprehensive understanding of the potential discoloration effects of the current sealers that are indicated for administration in many of the obturation procedures to enhance the prognosis and the relevant outcomes. In the present study, the aim to conduct a literature review about the potential iatrogenic discoloration effects of some endodontic sealers when conducting obturation procedures, based on the current evidence from the relevant studies. Among the reported agents to induce discoloration, calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), resin, glass ionomer, and silicon-based sealers have been reported to cause significant degrees of discoloration. Moreover, among the included studies AH-26 seems to be the least significant modality to include discoloration;however, discoloration could still be detected. With the recent technological advances, bioceramic sealers should be able to overcome this problem, especially for areas with the highest esthetic concerns. Accordingly, further investigations might be needed to enhance the quality of the current modalities and to obtain better outcomes.

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