scholarly journals Solving Traffic Problems in the State of Kerala, India: Forecasting, Regression and Simulation Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Bollapragada ◽  
Sudesh Poduval ◽  
Chetty Bingi S ◽  
Bhoomi Brahmbhatt
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The State ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Relationship

Executive Summary Indian states have been facing traffic related issues including traffic congestions and accidents for decades. The situation has worsened with time due to the increasing population. This article investigates the causes behind the accidents and provides recommendations and measures that would bring forth an improvement in the traffic conditions. The research uses forecasting models to confirm the existence of traffic problem in the State of Kerala. The various reasons for the accidents were enumerated and classified. Using regression models, the relationship between the number of accidents, deaths, and injured were obtained. In addition, the relationship between the number of accidents and the number of vehicles on road were examined along with the type of vehicle, design of the roads, the design of traffic, and the design of road network. In addition, a simulation model is presented to study the effect of the change in design of roads on the traffic situation. As an example, a 15-minute time period can be used to count the number of vehicles of each type (buses, cars, and trucks) travelling in both directions on a major highway. This data can then be categorized into slow and fast moving traffic. The Mean time between arrivals, percentages of slow and fast vehicles, percentages of vehicles travelling in both directions can be calculated and used in ARENA simulation software to perform discrete event simulation. Various scenarios are simulated; and waiting times and potential number of accidents are found for each of the scenarios. Based on forecasting, regression and simulation models, this article provides several recommendations and managerial insights, which are believed to alleviate the traffic problems in the State of Kerala. The solution approaches from this research could be used for addressing similar traffic situations in other states of India, which could result in saving millions of lives over the next decade.

scholarly journals Simulation modeling and analysis of primary health center operations

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972110309
Author(s):  
Mohd Shoaib ◽  
Varun Ramamohan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Analytical Approximations ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Generic Modeling

We present discrete-event simulation models of the operations of primary health centers (PHCs) in the Indian context. Our PHC simulation models incorporate four types of patients seeking medical care: outpatients, inpatients, childbirth cases, and patients seeking antenatal care. A generic modeling approach was adopted to develop simulation models of PHC operations. This involved developing an archetype PHC simulation, which was then adapted to represent two other PHC configurations, differing in numbers of resources and types of services provided, encountered during PHC visits. A model representing a benchmark configuration conforming to government-mandated operational guidelines, with demand estimated from disease burden data and service times closer to international estimates (higher than observed), was also developed. Simulation outcomes for the three observed configurations indicate negligible patient waiting times and low resource utilization values at observed patient demand estimates. However, simulation outcomes for the benchmark configuration indicated significantly higher resource utilization. Simulation experiments to evaluate the effect of potential changes in operational patterns on reducing the utilization of stressed resources for the benchmark case were performed. Our analysis also motivated the development of simple analytical approximations of the average utilization of a server in a queueing system with characteristics similar to the PHC doctor/patient system. Our study represents the first step in an ongoing effort to establish the computational infrastructure required to analyze public health operations in India and can provide researchers in other settings with hierarchical health systems, a template for the development of simulation models of their primary healthcare facilities.

Discrete Event Simulation Of The COVID-19 Sample Collection Point Operation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kuncova ◽  
Katerina Svitkova ◽  
Alena Vackova ◽  
Milena Vankova
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
The Real ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
Collection Point

The year 2020 was very challenging for everyone due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many people turn their lives upside down from day to day. Politicians had to impose completely unprecedented measures, and doctors immediately had to adapt to the huge influx of patients and the massive demand for testing. Of course, not all processes could be planned completely efficiently, given that the situation literally changes from minute to minute, but sometimes better planning could improve the real processes. This contribution deals with the application of simulation software SIMUL8 to the analysis of the COVID-19 sample collection process in a drive-in point in a hospital. The main aim is to create a model based on the real data and then to find out the suitable number of other staff (medics) helping a doctor during the process to decrease the number of unattended patients and their waiting times.

scholarly journals Learning Business Process Simulation Via Experiential Learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Paul F. Schikora ◽  
Brian D. Neureuther
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
User Friendly

The use of discrete event simulation as a process analysis and improvement tool is no longer limited to industrial engineering curricula. With advancements in desktop computing power, we have seen user-friendly simulation software packages become available (e.g. ProModel, Arena, ProcessModel). However, we have found it desirable that students still learn the very basic concepts behind these simulation models in order to better understand their development and use. We present a simple classroom game that teaches students the basic discrete-event simulation concepts and processes without requiring them to learn all the underlying mathematics and scientific theory.

Comparison of Selected Optimization Methods Used for Discrete Event Simulation Models and Testing Functions

2013 ◽  
Vol 816-817 ◽  
pp. 629-633
Author(s):  
Pavel Raska ◽  
Ulrych Zdenek
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Hill Climbing ◽  
Event Simulation

The paper deals with the comparison of selected optimization methods - Random Search, Hill Climbing, Tabu Search, Local Search, Downhill Simplex, Simulated Annealing, Differential Evolution and Evolution Strategy-used to search for the global optimum of the objective function specified for each simulation model. These optimization methods have to be modified in such a way that they are applicable for discrete event simulation optimization purposes. Three discrete event simulation models were built (using ARENA simulation software) which reflect real industrial systems. Then the optimization methods were tested on four testing functions. The evaluation method which uses information from the box plot characteristics was specified.

scholarly journals Using a discrete event simulation as an effective method applied in the production of recycled material

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-440
Author(s):  
L. Knapcikova ◽  
A. Behunova ◽  
M. Behun
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Waste Tyres

Technological processes play an essential task in the enterprise's production system. The behaviour and functioning of these systems cannot be predicted with certainty as they belong to a group of probable determinate structures. Generally, if we wanted to know precisely the behaviour of this condition in advance, we would have to be able to describe them mathematically or observe the action of the system on a real object. By applying discrete event simulation software, we realize the development of environmentally friendly products and using the simulation, we gain the certainty that the planned tasks can be implemented in a given time frame, while the simulation of the production process can help to clearly clarify and better understand the processes. To choose the optimal manufacturing ways of cleaning the fabrics component from waste tyres, we used the Witness discrete event simulation software to determine the usability and time occupancy of individual machines in the production of new fabric-based material. We simulated the ultrasonic method of cleaning the fabrics component from waste tyres and the subsequent creation of the test specimen. After the simulation, the obtained data can be used by a selection of type and number of machines and auxiliary equipment, by numbers of tools and fixtures, and by numbers of transport equipment. Obtained results bring the best layout of the workplace, the optimal dose of input materials and resources used in production. We have identified bottlenecks in the machines with long waiting times. The research priority was to reduce bottlenecks and increase the effectiveness of the entire of production line.

The DEVS Formalism

2013 ◽  
pp. 62-102
Author(s):  
Rhys Goldstein ◽  
Gabriel A. Wainer ◽  
Azam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Formal Specification ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modular Model ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Devs Formalism ◽  
The Relationship

The DEVS formalism is a set of conventions introduced in 1976 for the specification of discrete event simulation models. This chapter explains the core concepts of DEVS by applying the formalism to a single ongoing example. First, the example is introduced as a set of informal requirements from which a formal specification is to be developed. Readers are then presented with alternative sets of modeling conventions which, lacking the DEVS formalism’s approach to representing state, prove inadequate for the example. The chapter exploits the DEVS formalism’s support for modular model design, as the system in the example is specified first in parts and later as a combination of those parts. The concept of legitimacy is demonstrated on various model specifications, and the relationship between DEVS and both object-oriented programming and parallel computing is discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of Two Film-Coated Tablet Production Processes by Computer Simulation: A Case Study

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Stefanie Hering ◽  
Nico Schäuble ◽  
Thomas M. Buck ◽  
Brigitta Loretz ◽  
Thomas Rillmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Coated Tablet ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

Increasing regulatory demands are forcing the pharmaceutical industry to invest its available resources carefully. This is especially challenging for small- and middle-sized companies. Computer simulation software like FlexSim allows one to explore variations in production processes without the need to interrupt the running process. Here, we applied a discrete-event simulation to two approved film-coated tablet production processes. The simulations were performed with FlexSim (FlexSim Deutschland—Ingenieurbüro für Simulationsdienstleistung Ralf Gruber, Kirchlengern, Germany). Process visualization was done using Cmap Tools (Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA), and statistical analysis used MiniTab® (Minitab GmbH, Munich, Germany). The most critical elements identified during model building were the model logic, operating schedule, and processing times. These factors were graphically and statistically verified. To optimize the utilization of employees, three different shift systems were simulated, thereby revealing the advantages of two-shift and one-and-a-half-shift systems compared to a one-shift system. Without the need to interrupt any currently running production processes, we found that changing the shift system could save 50–53% of the campaign duration and 9–14% of the labor costs. In summary, we demonstrated that FlexSim, which is mainly used in logistics, can also be advantageously implemented for modeling and optimizing pharmaceutical production processes.

scholarly journals Potentials of possible machine systems for directly loading logs in cut-to-length harvesting

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Ringdahl ◽  
Thomas Hellström ◽  
Ola Lindroos
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Stand Conditions ◽  
Key Innovations

In conventional mechanized cut-to-length systems, a harvester fells and cuts trees into logs that are stored on the ground until a forwarder picks them up and carries them to landing sites. A proposed improvement is to place logs directly into the load spaces of transporting machines as they are cut. Such integrated loading could result in cost reductions, shorter lead times from stump to landing, and lower fuel consumption. However, it might also create waiting times for the machines involved, whereas multifunctional machines are likely to be expensive. Thus, it is important to analyze whether or not the advantages of any changes outweigh the disadvantages. The conventional system was compared with four potential systems, including two with autonomous forwarders, using discrete-event simulation with stochastic elements in which harvests of more than 1000 final felling stands (containing in total 1.6 million m3) were simulated 35 times per system. The results indicate that harwarders have substantial potential (less expensive on ≥80% of the volume and fuel consumption decreased by ≥18%) and may become competitive if key innovations are developed. Systems with cooperating machines have considerably less potential, limited to very specific stand conditions. The results conform with expected difficulties in integrating processing and transporting machines’ work in variable environments.

scholarly journals Assessing asset monitoring levels for maintenance operations

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah A Alabdulkarim ◽  
Peter Ball ◽  
Ashutosh Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Asset Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Asset management has recently gained significance due to emerging business models such as Product Service Systems where the sale of asset use, rather than the sale of the asset itself, is applied. This leaves the responsibility of the maintenance tasks to fall on the shoulders of the manufacturer/supplier to provide high asset availability. The use of asset monitoring assists in providing high availability but the level of monitoring and maintenance needs to be assessed for cost effectiveness. There is a lack of available tools and understanding of their value in assessing monitoring levels. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This research aims to develop a dynamic modelling approach using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to assess such maintenance systems in order to provide a better understanding of the behaviour of complex maintenance operations. Interviews were conducted and literature was analysed to gather modelling requirements. Generic models were created, followed by simulation models, to examine how maintenance operation systems behave regarding different levels of asset monitoring. Findings – This research indicates that DES discerns varying levels of complexity of maintenance operations but that more sophisticated asset monitoring levels will not necessarily result in a higher asset performance. The paper shows that it is possible to assess the impact of monitoring levels as well as make other changes to system operation that may be more or less effective. Practical implications – The proposed tool supports the maintenance operations decision makers to select the appropriate asset monitoring level that suits their operational needs. Originality/value – A novel DES approach was developed to assess asset monitoring levels for maintenance operations. In applying this quantitative approach, it was demonstrated that higher asset monitoring levels do not necessarily result in higher asset availability. The work provides a means of evaluating the constraints in the system that an asset is part of rather than focusing on the asset in isolation.

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