Nutritional Status of Rural Pregnant Women of Haryana State, Northern India

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Jood ◽  
Saroj Bishnoi ◽  
Neelam Khetarpaul
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Average daily food intakes of 90 rural pregnant women belonging to arid, semi-arid and wet zones of Haryana State, Northern India have been determined. As a result of questionnaires and interviews, food intake for three consecutive days were collected. Intakes of cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, other vegetables and sugar and jaggery by the respondents were significantly lower than the prescribed Indian Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDI). The consumption of milk and milk products and fats and oils was significantly higher than that of RDI whereas, green leafy vegetables and fruits were the most limited food items. As the diets of rural pregnant women were inadequate with respect to some food groups, which resulted in lower intake of protein, β-carotene and ascorbic acid. Despite their poor intake their weights and heights were not much below the standards. BMI classification projected that only about one fourth of the respondents were underweight. There is pressing need to educate rural pregnant women regarding their increased nutritional requirements.

Inadequate Dietary Intakes: Among Pregnant Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Fowler ◽  
Susan E. Evers ◽  
M. Karen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Prenatal Health ◽  
Canadian City ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Health Project

Purpose: Eating behaviours were assessed among pregnant women in a mid-sized Canadian city. Methods: As part of the Prenatal Health Project, we interviewed 2313 pregnant women in London, Ontario. Subjects also completed a food frequency questionnaire. Recruitment took place in ultrasound clinics at 10 to 22 weeks of gestation. The main outcome measures were number of daily servings for each food group, measured against the minimum number recommended by the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide (CFG), the proportion of women consuming the recommended number of servings for each and all of the four food groups, and factors associated with adequate consumption. We also determined the number of servings of “other foods.” Analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression, all at p<0.05. Results: A total of 3.5% of women consumed the recommended number of servings for all four food groups; 15.3% did not consume the minimum number of servings of foods for any of the four food groups. Women for whom this was their first pregnancy were less likely to consume the recommended number of servings from all four food groups (odds ratio=0.41; confidence interval=0.23, 0.74). Conclusions: Very few pregnant women consumed food group servings consistent with the 2007 recommendations. Strategies to improve dietary behaviours must focus on the establishment of healthy eating behaviours among women of reproductive age.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity in Cambodian Garment Workers: The Role of Free Lunch Provision

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Makurat ◽  
Eleonore Kretz ◽  
Frank Wieringa ◽  
Chhoun Chamnan ◽  
Michael Krawinkel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The objective of this paper is to compare food consumption by Cambodian garment workers with and without access to a free model lunch provision through a factory-based canteen. Data from an exploratory randomised controlled trial were analysed. In total, 223 female Cambodian garment workers were allocated to an intervention arm (six-month lunch provision) or a control arm. Dietary intake on workdays was assessed by qualitative 24-h recalls at baseline and twice at follow-ups during the period of lunch provision using the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guideline on assessing women’s dietary diversity. In total, 158 participants provided complete data on the dietary intake over workdays at all interviews. Lunch provision resulted in a more frequent consumption of dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, other fruits, and oils and fats during lunch breaks. In contrast, flesh meats, legumes, nuts and seeds, as well as sweets, were eaten at a lower frequency. Except for a higher consumption rate of vitamin A-rich fruits and a lower intake frequency of sweets, lunch provision had a less clear impact on total 24-h intake from different food groups and was not associated with a higher women’s dietary diversity score (WDDS). A more gap-oriented design of the lunch sets taking into account underutilised foods and the nutritional status of the workers is recommended.

scholarly journals Income Level but Not Nutrition Knowledge Is Associated with Dietary Diversity of Rural Pregnant Women from Northern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Amoako Agyei ◽  
Stephen Kofi Afrifa ◽  
Adam Munkaila ◽  
Patience Kanyiri Gaa ◽  
Eugene Dogkotenge Kuugbee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Essential Nutrients

Essential nutrients are necessary for reducing the risk of maternal mortality, prenatal mortality, and low-birthweight infants. Dietary diversity can play an important role in supplying essential nutrients to both the mother and the foetus. We evaluated nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and dietary diversity of pregnant women. In addition, we investigated the sociodemographic determinants of dietary diversity among pregnant women from a rural district in Ghana. Participants were pregnant women receiving antenatal care from a rural district hospital in Ghana. Dietary diversity was measured using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of dietary diversity. About 85% of the pregnant women knew that they should eat more in comparison to nonpregnant women, and only 16.9% knew the importance of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. Mean (SD) dietary diversity score of the participants was 5.27 (1.35), 85.4% did not consume any fruits, and 82.3% did not take milk and milk products. Almost all participants took at least one food item in the starchy staples and green leafy vegetables food groups. Moreover, 53% consumed vitamin A-rich fruits, vegetables, and tubers; 7.7% organ meats; and 30.8% eggs. Those who earned a monthly income of ≥GHC 500 or US$ 87 (B = 1.82; 0.90–2.73; p < 0.001 ) significantly had higher dietary diversity scores compared to those who earned less. Dietary diversity of the pregnant women was suboptimal. The consumption of vitamin A- and iron-rich foods was inadequate. Income was an important determinant of the dietary diversity of pregnant women from Northern rural Ghana.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Intake During Pregnancy and Its Association with Size of Offspring at Birth and One Year of Age (P11-031-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Tyagi ◽  
G S Toteja ◽  
Neena Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
One Year ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake ◽  
Slum Population

Abstract Objectives In resource poor countries like India pregnant women are prone to inadequate dietary intake which causes macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies and consequently leads to low‐birth weight infants with higher risks of morbidity and mortality. Present study was planned with the following objectives: To assess dietary intake of pregnant women during third trimester.To correlate maternal dietary intake with size of infants at birth and at one year of age. Methods This longitudinal study was carried out among slum population of Delhi. Dietary intake data was obtained from 144 pregnant women during pregnancy (gestational age > 28 weeks) using 24 hr recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method. Pregnant women were followed upto delivery and birth size (weight, length, head circumference and MUAC) of infants was measured within 72 hours of birth. Infants were followed quarterly upto one year of age for anthropometric measurements. For statistical analysis One Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient methods were used. Results Food consumption data revealed that average consumption of all food groups was lower than the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) and percentage adequacy was poor for cereals (96.25%), pulses (51.3%), green leafy vegetables (24.4%), other vegetables (42.5%), fruits (34.8%) and milk and milk products (36.9%).Median intake for all the nutrients was also found lower than Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Percentage adequacy was alsopoor for energy (70.4%), protein (61.0%), thiamine (70.8%), riboflavin (28.6%), niacin (54.9%), B6 (41.6%), folates (35.1%), ascorbic acid (99.4%), retinol (16.2%), calcium (33.6%), iron (28.6%), magnesium (90.1%), and zinc (57.8%).Maternal food group intake and nutrient intake during pregnancy were found significantly correlated with weight, length and MUAC of infants at birth but not at 12 months of age. Even though birth weight and weight at 12 months increased consistently with increase in maternal energy and protein adequacy, this association was not significant at 12 months of age. Conclusions Dietary intake of pregnant women was lower than the recommended dietary intake among slum population of Delhi. Maternal dietary intake was found significantly associated with size of infants at birth. Funding Sources Indian Council Of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY IN A DISTRICT IN JHARKHAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Lal ◽  
Manjula Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Rural Background ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Moderate Anaemia

Background: Maternal anaemia has been defined by the low level of haemoglobin in the blood while pregnancy period. Gestational anaemia has been defined as one of the most prominent health problems faced by pregnant women worldwide.  Anaemia in pregnant women might be relative or absolute. Aim: To identify the various factors associated with anaemia among the pregnant women in Jharkhand Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 10,000 pregnant women between September 2019 and February 2020 in Jharkhand. Those women were taken into consideration who had haemoglobin less than 11 mg/dl. The non-pregnant women were excluded from the list. Multivariate analysis in terms of Binary logistic regression was done to check the associations of selected socio-economic and demographic covariates on the prevalence of anaemia in Jharkhand. Results: Majority of the women belonged to 26-30 years of the age group, which accounted for 38% of all the study population. The majority of the patients were from the rural background amounting to 52%. The majority of the patients belonged to the Hindu religion with 60% prevalence rate. The majority of the patients belonged to the lower middle class, with a prevalence rate of 38%. The majority of the women had no education at all. The percentage of such women was 40% of the total study population. The majority of the spouse of patients had secondary education with an incidence of 40%. The majority of the patients had moderate anaemia with 60% of incidence rate. The majority of the patients consumed fruits, occasionally with a prevalence of 50%. The majority of the women consumed non-veg weekly, with a prevalence of 50%. The majority of the patient consumed green leafy vegetables weekly with an incidence of 48%. Conclusion: The majority of pregnant women were not educated enough and consumed less amount of vegetables and fruits than non-veg. Furthermore, it was also found from the above study that the majority of the pregnant women ha moderate anaemia and belonged to the rural background. Keywords: Anaemia, Gestational Anaemia, Haemoglobin, Pregnant Women

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition of Neglected Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetables and Fruits in South East Geo-political Zone of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
N. N. Umerah ◽  
N. M. Nnam
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Background/Objective: Vegetables and fruits play a highly significant role in food security of the underprivileged in both urban and rural settings. The study was designed to determine the nutritional composition of some neglected underutilized fruits and vegetables in Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Methodology: The commonly occuring underutilized fruits and vegetables were selected for the study. The food crops were harvested and identified at the Herbarium in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka. Twenty underutilized fruits and vegetables each were cleaned and analysed for nutrients composition using standard methods. Data were presented using descriptive statistics, percentage, mean, standard deviation and frequency. Results: The proximate composition of the fruits ranged from 54.34-80.30% moisture, 0.27-6.21% protein, 0-3.08% fat, 0.28-8.58 % fibre, 0.33-11.05% ash and 9.08-36.61% carbohydrate. The ranges for mineral values of the fruits were iron 0.10-9.60 mg, zinc 0.02-10.30 mg, manganese 0.10-6.60 mg and calcium 5.42-46.50 mg.  The vitamin contents of the fruits ranged from beta-carotene traces -5666.67 RE, ascorbic acid 0-48.82 mg and vitamin E 0 -11.99 mg. The proximate composition of the vegetables ranged from moisture 60.45-91.00%, protein 0.02-6.60%, fat 0.02-2.19%, fibre 0.04-5.01%, ash 0.04-4.20% and carbohydrate 10.30-36.61%. The ranges for mineral values of the vegetables were iron 1.40-14.80 mg, zinc trace-9.40 mg, manganese 0.07-4.80 mg and calcium 18.19-400.00 mg. The vitamin levels of the vegetables were beta-carotene 15.20-1933.33 RE, ascorbic acid 2.40-38.40 mg and vitamin E traces - 6.67 mg. Conclusion: The use of these fruits and vegetables should be encouraged particularly in areas where they are not produced through nutrition education in order to promote the food use of these crops.

scholarly journals Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Dietary Screener Adapted for Use Among Pregnant Women in Dhulikhel, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 823-823
Author(s):  
Kelly Tiderencel ◽  
Krupali Shah ◽  
Abha Shrestha ◽  
Emily S Barrett ◽  
Archana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Screener ◽  
Excellent Reproducibility

Abstract Objectives Culturally appropriate dietary assessments are lacking in many low-income countries including Nepal. Here we examined the reproducibility and validity of a dietary screener which was translated and adapted to assess diet quality among pregnant Nepalese women. Methods A pilot cohort of singleton pregnant women (N = 101; age 25.9 ± 4.1 years) was recruited from a tertiary, periurban hospital in Nepal. An adapted Nepali version of the PrimeScreen questionnaire, assessing weekly consumption frequency of 12 healthy and 9 unhealthy food groups, was administered twice and a month apart in both the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Up to four inconsecutive 24-hr dietary recalls (24-HDRs) were also completed each trimester and utilized as the reference method for validation. For each trimester, data from multiple 24-HDRs were averaged across days, and items were grouped to match the classification and the three weekly consumption categories (0–1, 2–3 or 4 + servings/week) of the 21 food groups represented on the PrimeScreen. Gwet's agreement coefficients (AC1) were used to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the adapted PrimeScreen against the 24-HDRs in both 2nd and 3rd trimester. Results In the 2nd trimester, the adapted PrimeScreen demonstrated good to excellent reproducibility (AC1 &gt; 0.6) for majority of the food groups; the reproducibility was moderate for eggs (AC1 = 0.4), and poor (AC1 &lt; 0.4) for citrus fruits and leafy vegetables. In the 3rd trimester, AC1 for reproducibility of the PrimeScreen ranged from 0.4 (moderate agreement) to 1 (excellent agreement), with values ≥0.6 for 90% of the items indicating good to excellent reproducibility for the majority of the food groups. Compared to 24-HDRs, the adapted PrimeScreen showed moderate to excellent validity (AC1 ≥ 0.4) for all food groups except for eggs and leafy vegetables in both the 2nd and 3rd trimester, and additionally citrus fruits and cruciferous vegetables in the 2nd trimester alone. Classification into 3 consumption categories (0–1, 2–3 or 4 + servings/week) were consistent (percentage agreement &gt; 80%) between the PrimeScreen and 24-HDR for 80% of the food groups in both 2nd and 3rd trimester. Conclusions The adapted PrimeScreen questionnaire appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the dietary intake of most food groups among pregnant women in Nepal. Funding Sources NIH/FIC.

Plasma Levels of Retinol, Carotenoids, and Tocopherols in Relation to Dietary Pattern among Pregnant Tanzanian Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulokozi ◽  
Lietz ◽  
Svanberg ◽  
Mugyabuso ◽  
Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

In Tanzania, as in other developing countries, dietary intake of nutrients in pregnant women is marginal or lower than the recommended intakes and therefore these women are at high risk for deficiencies. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between diet and plasma levels of retinol, carotenoids, and alpha-tocopherol in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ninety pregnant women aged between 18 and 45 years were equally recruited from three villages. Seven-day food frequency data was collected by questionnaire. Plasma levels of retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherols were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated that cooked green leafy vegetables constituted the major source of provitamin A carotenoids, with low intake of yellow/orange fruits and preformed vitamin A. Lutein, lycopene, and beta-carotene were the predominant carotenoids in the plasma with mean values of 1.61, 0.84, and 0.63 mumol/L, respectively. There was no significant correlation between frequencies of vegetable consumption and either plasma retinol or carotenoids. However, increased consumption of green leafy vegetables with oil, which increases bioavailability, was correlated with high plasma retinol levels (p = 0.03). Low retinol levels (≤ 0.70 mmol/L) were present in 26% of women. The mean plasma retinol concentration was 0.89 mumol/L and 63% of the women had values below 1.05 mumol/L. The mean plasma a-tocopherol concentration was 15.4 mumol/L and women with plasma retinol concentration > 1.05 mumol/L had significantly higher mean alpha-tocopherol than women with plasma retinol concentration ≤ 0.70 mumol/L (p ≤ 0.01). Twenty-four percent of the women were anemic (hemoglobin:Hb <110 g/L) and the mean Hb value was 116.3 g/L.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document